Alcohol Drinking ; adverse effects ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Health Promotion ; Humans ; Risk Assessment

Alcohol Drinking ; China ; epidemiology ; Exercise ; Fatty Liver ; epidemiology ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Humans ; Hyperlipidemias ; complications ; Obesity ; complications ; Prevalence

OBJECTIVETo explore the relationships between alcohol expectancy,cultural orientation, self-efficacy and drinking behavior to provide theoretical support for the development of education programs aimed at preventing alcohol abuse among adolescents.

METHODSAn anonymous quantitative survey of 2756 tenth and eleventh grade students in six senior high schools in Zhengzhou and Xinyang city of Henan province was conducted in November 2005 and data was analyzed by SPSS 13.0 software.

RESULTSThe overall rate of drinking alcohol among participants was 56.5%. The median score of cultural orientation was 3.25 (3.09, 3.42); of alcohol expectancy was 3.02 (2.81, 3.23); and 79.64 (60.36, 93.21) of alcohol self-efficacy. Direct or indirect relationships were found between Chinese traditional cultural orientation, western cultural orientation, alcohol positive expectancy, alcohol negative expectancy, alcohol self-efficacy and alcohol drinking behavior. Lower monthly drinking habit was directly associated with higher self-efficacy and higher negative expectancies,lower positive expectancies and lower western cultural orientation (coefficients = -0.346, -0.282, 0.234 and 0.162 respectively), but not with Chinese cultural orientation variables.

CONCLUSIONThe current situation of alcohol drinking among the participants was critical. Drinking behavior seemed most affected by drinking beliefs and cultural orientation, suggesting that the development of education programs should focus on students' beliefs.

Adolescent ; Alcohol Drinking ; psychology ; Alcoholism ; prevention & control ; China ; Culture ; Female ; Health Education ; Humans ; Male ; Self Efficacy ; Students ; psychology

Atherosclerosis is a major cause of coronary heart disease. Many clinical characteristics and laboratory parameters are known to be related with atherosclerosis and/or coronary heart disease, either epidemiologically or causally. Although the risk to develop cardiovascular disease (CVD) is on a continuum, the risk factor modification was traditionally categorized into primary or secondary prevention based on the presence of clinical CVD. Mega-trials of the primary and secondary prevention have been reported rendering the previous recommendations obsolete. Several guidelines, including the Adult Treatment Panel III, JNC-VII, and the European and British guidelines, were recently released for dyslipidemia and hypertension. Global assessment of CVD risk with multiple risk factors, rather than risk assessment by an individual risk factor is adopted in all of the current guidelines. Absolute risk levels are used for setting of a target level of a given risk factor and for selection of intervention modalities. Complete cessation of smoking, control of dyslipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, and body weight, moderation of alcohol consumption, and guided use of certain medications have been recommended. The hormone replacement therapy was believed to be cardioprotective and recommended for the primary and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. However, it is no longer recommended for the purpose of the prevention of coronary heart disease. The concept of "the more, the better" is recommended for exercise. Guidelines are ever so changing!
Adult ; Alcohol Drinking ; Atherosclerosis ; Body Weight ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Coronary Disease* ; Dyslipidemias ; Hormone Replacement Therapy ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Primary Prevention ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors* ; Secondary Prevention* ; Smoke ; Smoking

Colorectal cancer has been rapidly increasing in Korea during the past decades, which was known as low risk area. The age-standardized mortality rates increased from 3.0 to 14.5 in 100,000 for men and from 2.3 to 7.9 in 100,000 for women between 1983 and 2008. According to the National Cancer Registry, the age-standardized incidence rates of total colorectal cancer were increased by 7.3% and 5.5% for men and women, respectively, between 1999 and 2005, while the incidence rates of the most prevalent cancers in Korea, such as stomach, liver, and cervical cancers, have decreased during the same period. Westernized dietary and lifestyle-related factors seem to be closely related to the increased risk of colorectal cancer. Higher intakes of red and processed meat, a lack of physical activity, obesity, and alcohol drinking have been suggested to be risk factors for colorectal cancer in the numerous epidemiologic studies, while higher intakes of dietary fiber, green leafy vegetables, some micronutrients abundant in vegetables and fruits, such as folate, and calcium were reported to be protective factors. Since many of the diet and lifestyle-related factors for colorectal cancer are modifiable, it is urgently needed to set up comprehensive primary prevention program against colorectal cancer to effectively cope with the rapidly increasing cancer in Korea.
Alcohol Drinking ; Calcium ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; Diet ; Dietary Fiber ; Female ; Folic Acid ; Fruit ; Humans ; Incidence ; Korea ; Liver ; Male ; Meat ; Micronutrients ; Motor Activity ; Obesity ; Phosphatidylethanolamines ; Primary Prevention ; Risk Factors ; Vegetables

PURPOSE: This study was to test the reliability and validity of a Drinking Refusal Self-Efficacy Questionnaire-Revised (DRSEQ-R) in Korean college students. METHODS: The DRSEQ-R was designed to assess an individual's belief in their ability to refuse drinking alcohol by Oei et al. (2005) and consisted of three factors (social pressure, opportunity, and emotional relief). A methodological study design with an exploratory factor analysis for validity and correlation coefficients for reliability was used. DRSEQ-R was translated into Korean and a translation equivalency was obtained. DRSEQ-R was tested with a sample of 201 college students in Korea. The subjects consisted of 106 males and 95 females. Principal component factor analysis was used for construct validity and Cronbach's alpha was used to evaluate for internal consistency of the instrument. RESULTS: The factor analysis showed three factors explaining 66.3% of total variance and the corresponding factors were emotional relief (48.01%), drinking contextual opportunity (11.18%), and social pressure (7.14%). The internal consistency was acceptable (Cronbach's alpha=.937). All three factors of DRSEQ-R negatively correlated with alcohol dependency and a heavy drinker showed a lower DRSEQ-R than a moderate drinker. CONCLUSION: Based on the findings, DRSEQ-R is a reliable and valid instrument to measure for drinking refusal self-efficacy in Korean college students.
Alcohol Drinking/*prevention & control ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Female ; Humans ; Interpersonal Relations ; Male ; *Questionnaires ; Reproducibility of Results ; *Self Efficacy ; Social Behavior ; Students/*psychology ; Translating ; Universities ; Young Adult

BACKGROUND: For gastric cancer, primary prevention by risk factor modification might have some important roles. However, previous studies having investigated the factors associated with stomach cancer reported various results. In addition, there were only a few studies based on Korean population. METHODS: A case control study was carried out on 106 cases matched for age and sex with 106 controls in a tertiary care hospital. In patients who were aged 75 years or less and had been newly diagnosed as adenocarcinoma of stomach between July 1996 and January 1997 were included into the case group. Information on baseline characteristics, health habits, dietary habits of study subjects was obtained through an interview using structured questionnaire. Conditional logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the factors associated with stomach cancer. RESULTS: Salt preference was associated with significantly increased risk of stomach cancer (odds ratio[OR]=9.81, 95% confidence interval[CI]=2.28 42.2). Eating broiled food more than three times a week significantly increased the risk of stomach cancer (OR=3.33, 95% CI=1.16 9.55) compared to eating it less than once a week. Blood type, family history of stomach cancer, smoking, and alcohol consumption were not associated with stomach cancer. CONCLUSION: Salt preference and frequent eating of broiled food are the risk factors significantly associated with stomach cancer in this study subjects.
Adenocarcinoma ; Alcohol Drinking ; Case-Control Studies* ; Diet ; Eating ; Food Habits ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Primary Prevention ; Risk Factors* ; Smoke ; Smoking ; Stomach Neoplasms* ; Stomach* ; Tertiary Healthcare ; Surveys and Questionnaires

Adult ; Aged ; Alcohol Drinking ; adverse effects ; China ; epidemiology ; Demography ; Female ; Geography ; Humans ; Hypertension ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Smoking ; adverse effects

Objective: To explore the risk intensity and related influencing factors of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among high-stress rescue workers, and to provide effective tools for the risk assessment of PTSD in military rescue workers. Method: From June to August 2022, cluster sampling was used to select the high-stress rescue personnel of an Army department as the survey subjects. The acute Stress reaction (ASD) scale and PTSD checklist were used to evaluate the risk of PTSD in military rescue personnel. Multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of PTSD. Results: The age of 4 460 subjects was (24.38±4.072) years old, including 4 396 males (98.6%). The positive rate of initial screening for ASD was 2.85% (127/4 460). The positive rate of PTSD was 0.67% (30/4 460). Multivariate logistic regression model analysis showed that female, older age, recent trauma exposure history, passive smoking and alcohol consumption were at higher risk of ASD, the values of OR (95%CI) were 4.183 (1.819-9.618), 6.278 (1.363-28.912), 3.094 (1.500-6.379), 2.059 (1.298-3.267) and 2.607 (1.614-4.211), respectively; Lower education level was associated with lower risk of ASD, OR (95%CI) was 0.593 (0.359-0.978); People who are older, thinner, have a history of mental illness, and drink alcohol were at higher risk for PTSD, the values of OR (95%CI) were 20.144 (2.459-165.043), 10.287 (2.218-47.700), 91.104 (8.592-965.980) and 2.866 (1.144-7.180), respectively. Conclusion: Gender, age, education level, passive smoking, alcohol consumption, past history of mental illness and body mass index may be related to the potential risk of PTSD in rescue workers,passive smoking, alcohol consumption, and weight controlling should be focused on to reduce potential risks of PTSD.
Male ; Humans ; Female ; Young Adult ; Adult ; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic/prevention & control* ; Tobacco Smoke Pollution ; Risk Assessment ; Military Personnel ; Alcohol Drinking

In recent years, the traffic accidents increased gradually, especially those caused by the drivers daily emotional abnormality and in which the drivers were liable. This article reviewed the traffic accidents caused by divorced driver's emotional abnormality, illustrated the features of those accidents from the gender, age, occupation and mileage of drivers. It was considered that the major cause of those accidents was excessive drinking due to drivers' emotional stress. Suggestions about preventing the traffic accidents caused by emotional abnormality were put forward so as to make the corresponding rules and finally decrease the emotional abnormality traffic accidents.
Accidents, Traffic/prevention & control* ; Alcohol Drinking/psychology* ; Automobile Driving/psychology* ; Divorce/psychology* ; Female ; Forensic Medicine ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Stress, Psychological/psychology*