Objective: To investigate the association between tea consumption and the risk of all-cause and cause-specific mortality among Chinese adults. Methods: This study was based on China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB). Tea consumption information was self-reported by participants at baseline. Death was mainly identified by linkage to the death registry system. Cox proportional hazard regression models estimated HR and 95%CI. Results: With a median follow-up of 11.1 years, there were 34 661 deaths in 438 443 participants. Compared with those who never drink tea, all-cause mortality HR(95%CI) were 0.89(0.86-0.91) and 0.92(0.88-0.95) for non-daily tea drinkers and daily tea drinkers, respectively. A statistically significant difference was found in the association of tea consumption and the risk of all-cause mortality between men and women(interaction P<0.05). The protective effect was mainly seen in men. Compared with those who never drink tea, daily tea drinkers had a reduced risk of death from ischemic heart disease, ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, cancer, respiration diseases and other causes of death, and the corresponding HR(95%CI) were 0.83(0.76-0.92), 0.82(0.69-0.97), 0.86(0.78-0.94), 1.03(0.97-1.09), 1.00(0.87-1.16), 0.84(0.78-0.90). Among never smokers and non-excessive drinkers, there was no statistically significant association between daily tea drinking and the risk of death from cancer. While smokers and excessive drinkers had an increased risk of death from cancer (interaction P<0.001). Conclusions: Tea consumers had reduced risks of all-cause mortality and partial cause-specific mortality, but not for the risk of death from cancer. On the contrary, daily tea drinkers with smoking habits and excessive alcohol drinking had an increased risk of death from cancer.
Adult ; Alcohol Drinking ; Asians ; China/epidemiology* ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Prospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Tea/adverse effects*

OBJECTIVETo assess the relationship between incidence of ischemic stroke and alcohol consumption.

METHODSThe information on alcohol consumption and other cardiovascular risk factors such as SBP, DBP, TC was collected among 10 populations in northern and southern parts of China according to the international standardized methods. A total number of 30 560 men and women aged 35 - 59 were enrolled and followed up for an average of 15.2 years. Complete data on 12,352 men was analyzed.

RESULTSThe risk on ischemic stroke incidence showed a graded association. Compared with nondrinkers, the relative risks of incidence of ischemic stroke for those who drank alcohol less then 15 gram per day, 15-30 gram per day, 30-60 gram per day, above 60 gram per day were 0.86 (95% confidence interval 0.57-1.27), 1.20 (0.87-1.65), 1.26 (0.86-1.84) and 1.96 (1.30-2.93), respectively.

CONCLUSIONOur study revealed that in male Chinese, heavy alcohol intake significantly increased the risk while mild alcohol drinking did not increase the risk of ischemic stroke.

Adult ; Alcohol Drinking ; adverse effects ; Cerebral Infarction ; epidemiology ; etiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Stroke ; epidemiology ; etiology

Adult ; Aged ; Alcohol Drinking ; adverse effects ; China ; epidemiology ; Demography ; Female ; Geography ; Humans ; Hypertension ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Male ; Mass Screening ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Smoking ; adverse effects

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the risk factor of hypertension in China.

METHODSThe results of 24 case-control studies from 1989 to 2001 were analyzed by Meta-analysis method in this study. Random effect model (D-L method) and fix effect model (M-H method) were applied for data processing.

RESULTSThe pooled OR values (95% CI) of drinking, smoking, over-intake of salt, family history of hypertension, quickness to temper and overweight were 1.194 (1.184-1.203), 1.100 (1.096-1.104), 1.165 (1.157-1.173), 2.662 (2.550-2.779), 2.524 (1.902-3.348), 1.616 (1.600-1.633), respectively.

CONCLUSIONDrinking alcohol, smoking, over-intake of salt, family history of hypertension, quickness to temper and overweight were the important risk factors of hypertension in China.

Alcohol Drinking ; adverse effects ; Body Weight ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; epidemiology ; Family Health ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Smoking ; adverse effects ; Sodium, Dietary ; administration & dosage

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Alcohol Drinking ; adverse effects ; China ; epidemiology ; Educational Status ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Risk Factors ; Smoking ; adverse effects

OBJECTIVETo study the relationship between overweight/obesity, smoking, alcohol drinking and the stroke in Chinese residents, as to providing a scientific foundation to the causal prophylaxis of stroke.

METHODSApplying a meta-analysis with software of RevMan 4.2.9 version to systematically analyze the references in dealing about the relationship between overweight/obesity, smoking, alcohol drinking and the stroke in China during 1999 to 2006.

RESULTSSix, six and six articles dealing about overweight/obesity, smoking, alcohol drinking and the stroke were searched respectively. Incorporated by fix effect model, random effect model and random effect model after the heterogeneity tests, the values of OR were 1.81 (95% CI: 1.40-2.35), 1.22 (95% CI:1.08-1.37) and 1.19 (95% CI:1.03-1.38). After Z tests, the Z values were performed with 4.52, 3.24 and 2.36 respectively (all the P values were less than 0.05). Additionally, the funnel plots were protracted and the sensibility analysis was performed.

CONCLUSIONSThe publication biases were little and the results were creditable. The overweight/obesity, smoking and alcohol drinking in residents in China should be the risk factors of the stroke.

Alcohol Drinking ; adverse effects ; epidemiology ; Body Mass Index ; China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Obesity ; complications ; epidemiology ; Overweight ; complications ; epidemiology ; Risk Factors ; Smoking ; adverse effects ; epidemiology ; Stroke ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Waist-Hip Ratio

OBJECTIVETo explore the risk factors that influencing the occurrence of road-related traffic injuries, so as to provide related bases for controlling injuries.

METHODSA case-control study was conducted on 256 drivers with histories of accidents and their controls. EPQ questionnaire and a self-designed questionnaire were used to collect data. Risk factors would include behaviors as driving time per day, types of vehicles, time and status of sleep, degree of education, diet habits, feeling of tiredness, alcohol intake, time of watching television before driving and marriage status. Physiological index as blood type, blood pressure, cordial, using tranquillizers, disease history, reaction time, eyesight, overweight, etc. were also tested. Conditional logistic regression model was used to analyze risk factors.

RESULTSFrom all these tests, risk factors which including dietetic rhythm (OR = 1.815), tiredness (OR = 3.263), history of digestive disease (OR = 3.504), weak eye sight (OR = 3.825), being divorced (OR = 3.226), wake up early (OR = 4.931), mixed insomnia (OR = 5.719), simple reaction time (OR = 3.498), complex reaction time (OR = 2.292), P score (OR = 1.352), E score (OR = 1.439) were noticed to be significantly important.

CONCLUSIONThe occurrence of road-related injuries were related to a series of physiological, psychological and behavioral risk factors among drivers.

Accidents, Traffic ; psychology ; statistics & numerical data ; Adult ; Alcohol Drinking ; adverse effects ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; epidemiology ; Fatigue ; complications ; Female ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Risk Factors ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVENo previous studies have evaluated the association between dyslipidemia, alcohol drinking, and diabetes in an Inner Mongolian population. We aimed to evaluate the co-effects of drinking and dyslipidemia on diabetes incidence in this population.

METHODSThe present study was based on 1880 participants from a population-based prospective cohort study among Inner Mongolians living in China. Participants were classified into four subgroups according to their drinking status and dyslipidemia. Multivariate logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to evaluate the association between alcohol drinking, dyslipidemia, and diabetes.

RESULTSDuring the follow-up period, 203 participants were found to have developed diabetes. The multivariable-adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for the incidence of non-dyslipidemia/drinkers, dyslipidemia/non-drinkers, and dyslipidemia/drinkers in diabetic patients were 1.40 (0.82-2.37), 1.73 (1.17-2.55), and 2.31 (1.38-3.87), respectively, when compared with non-dyslipidemia/non-drinkers. The area under the ROC curve for a model containing dyslipidemia and drinking status along with conventional factors (AUC=0.746) was significantly (P=0.003) larger than the one containing only conventional factors (AUC=0.711).

CONCLUSIONThe present study showed that dyslipidemia was an independent risk factor for diabetes, and that drinkers with dyslipidemia had the highest risk of diabetes in the Mongolian population. These findings suggest that dyslipidemia and drinking status may be valuable in predicting diabetes incidence.

Adult ; Alcohol Drinking ; adverse effects ; epidemiology ; China ; epidemiology ; Cholesterol, HDL ; metabolism ; Cholesterol, LDL ; metabolism ; Diabetes Mellitus ; epidemiology ; etiology ; metabolism ; Dyslipidemias ; complications ; epidemiology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mongolia ; epidemiology ; Prospective Studies ; ROC Curve ; Risk Factors

OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this study is to comprehensively explore the risk factors of primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) in China.

METHODSTwo groups of data based on distinct resources were analyzed to explore the risk factors of POAG. One group of data was based on hospital records between 1995 and 2000 which composed of 107 patients with POAG and 149 controls without POAG. The other group of data was based on 40 patients with POAG and 120 matched controls without POAG. The former was designed by non-matched case control study, the latter was done by 1:3 matched case control study. The relationships between POAG and the factors such as age, sex, family history, diabetes, hypertension, intraocular pressure (IOP), cardiovascular diseases, smoking, drinking and mutation of TIGR gene were studied by logistic regression analysis.

RESULTSThe simple factor analysis showed that the risk of POAG was related to age, family history, hypertension, IOP, cardiovascular diseases, smoking, drinking and the mutation of TIGR gene (T353I). However, logistic regression analysis confirmed that POAG mainly related to IOP, family history, hypertension, smoking, alcohol intake and the mutation of TIGR gene.

CONCLUSIONThe most important risk factor of POAG was IOP. Family history, hypertension, smoking and the mutation of TIGR gene were also important risk factors of POAG. However, alcohol intake was a protective factor for POAG.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Alcohol Drinking ; adverse effects ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; epidemiology ; Cytoskeletal Proteins ; Eye Proteins ; genetics ; Female ; Glaucoma, Open-Angle ; epidemiology ; genetics ; Glycoproteins ; genetics ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Smoking ; adverse effects

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate the roles of cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, tuberculosis, and their interactions in the risk of lung cancer in a Korean cohort. METHODS: The study subjects comprised 13,150 males and females aged above 20 years old. During the follow up period from 1993 to 2002, 79 lung cancer cases were identified by the central cancer registry and the national death certificate database. Information on cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and the history of physiciandiagnosed tuberculosis was obtained by interview. Indirect chest X-ray findings were also evaluated to ascertain tuberculosis cases. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) after adjusting for age and gender. RESULTS: Cigarette smoking was statistically significantly associated with an increased risk of lung cancer [for current smokers, RR = 2.33 (95% CI = 1.23 - 4.42) compared to non-smokers]. After further adjustment for cigarette smoking, both alcohol consumption and tuberculosis showed no statistically significant association with the risk of lung cancer [for current drinkers, RR = 0.80 (95% CI = 0.48 - 1.33) compared to non-drinkers] [for tuberculosis cases, RR = 1.17 (95% CI = 0.58 - 2.36) compared to noncases]. There was no statistically significant interaction between cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption (pinteraction = 0.38), or cigarette smoking and tuberculosis (p-interaction = 0.74). CONCLUSIONS: Although cigarette smoking was confirmed as a risk factor of lung cancer in this cohort study, this study suggests that alcohol consumption and tuberculosis may not be associated with the risk of lung cancer.
Adult ; Aged ; Alcohol Drinking/*adverse effects ; Cohort Studies ; Educational Status ; Female ; Humans ; Korea/epidemiology ; Lung Neoplasms/epidemiology/*etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Smoking/*adverse effects ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary/*complications