1.Abstinence and fatty liver.
Chinese Journal of Hepatology 2005;13(2):140-140
2.The Current Situation of Treatment Systems for Alcoholism in Korea.
Jee Wook KIM ; Boung Chul LEE ; Tae Cheon KANG ; Ihn Geun CHOI
Journal of Korean Medical Science 2013;28(2):181-189
Alcoholism is becoming one of the most serious issues in Korea. The purpose of this review article was to understand the present status of the treatment system for alcoholism in Korea compared to the United States and to suggest its developmental direction in Korea. Current modalities of alcoholism treatment in Korea including withdrawal treatment, pharmacotherapy, and psychosocial treatment are available according to Korean evidence-based treatment guidelines. Benzodiazepines and supportive care including vitamin and nutritional support are mainly used to treat alcohol withdrawal in Korea. Naltrexone and acamprosate are the drugs of first choice to treat chronic alcoholism. Psychosocial treatment methods such as individual psychotherapy, group psychotherapy, family therapy, cognitive behavior therapy, cue exposure therapy, 12-step facilitation therapy, self-help group therapy, and community-based treatment have been carried out to treat chronic alcoholism in Korea. However, current alcohol treatment system in Korea is not integrative compared to that in the United States. To establish the treatment system, it is important to set up an independent governmental administration on alcohol abuse, to secure experts on alcoholism, and to conduct outpatient alcoholism treatment programs and facilities in an open system including some form of continuing care.
Alcohol Deterrents/*therapeutic use
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Alcoholism/economics/prevention & control/*therapy
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Benzodiazepines/therapeutic use
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Humans
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Naltrexone/therapeutic use
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*Psychotherapy
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Republic of Korea
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Taurine/analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use
3.In vitro effect of dithiocarbamate pesticides and of CaNa2EDTA on human serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase.
Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1995;8(2):114-121
Serum dopamine-beta-hydroxylase (DBH) inhibition has been reported in lead workers treated with CaNa2EDTA and in alcoholic patients repeatedly treated with the alcohol aversive drug Disulfiram. The mechanism of inhibition involves Cu++ chelation at the active site of DBH. The effect of CaNa2EDTA and Disulfiram on serum DBH has been compared to the effect of dithiocarbamate pesticides in vitro for the possible use of serum DBH determination for the biological monitoring of workers exposed to these pesticides. Most dithiocarbamates inhibit human serum DBH at micromolar concentrations (range of I50, 0.027-1.6 mumol/L). The inhibitory potency increased from methyl- and dimethyl dithiocarbamates to diethyl dithiocarbamates up to the most potent ethylene bisdithiocarbamates. The I50 of CaNa2EDTA was 3.8 mumol/L, higher than those of dithiocarbamates. Copper addition to the test system reactivated at stoichiometric concentrations dithiocarbamate-inhibited DBH indicating that both base line values and percent of inhibition can be calculated in a single blood sample. Results suggest that serum DBH determination could be useful in case of acute poisoning involving high doses of dithiocarbamate pesticides.
Alcohol Deterrents
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pharmacology
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Biomarkers
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blood
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Chelating Agents
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pharmacology
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Disulfiram
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pharmacology
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Ditiocarb
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pharmacology
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Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase
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blood
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drug effects
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Edetic Acid
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pharmacology
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Female
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Humans
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Male
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Pesticides
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blood
4.Pharmacotherapy for Alcohol Dependence: Anticraving Medications for Relapse Prevention.
Young Chul JUNG ; Kee NAMKOONG
Yonsei Medical Journal 2006;47(2):167-178
Alcohol dependence is a chronic disorder that results from a variety of genetic, psychosocial, and environmental factors. Relapse prevention for alcohol dependence has traditionally involved psychosocial and psychotherapeutic interventions. Pharmacotherapy, however, in conjunction with behavioral therapy, is generating interest as another modality to prevent relapse and enhance abstinence. Naltrexone and acamprosate are at the forefront of the currently available pharmacological options. Naltrexone is an opioid receptor antagonist and is thought to reduce the rewarding effect of alcohol. Acamprosate normalizes the dysregulation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-mediated glutamatergic excitation that occurs in alcohol withdrawal and early abstinence.These different mechanisms of action and different target neurotransmitter systems may endow the two drugs with efficacy for different aspects of alcohol use behavior. Since not all patients seem to benefit from naltrexone and acamprosate, there are ongoing efforts to improve the treatment outcomes by examining the advantages of combined pharmacotherapy and exploring the variables that might predict the response of the medications. In addition, novel medications are being investigated to assess their efficacy in preventing relapse and increasing abstinence.
gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/metabolism
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Taurine/analogs & derivatives/therapeutic use
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Recurrence
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Receptors, Opioid, mu/genetics/metabolism
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Receptors, Opioid/antagonists & inhibitors
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Polymorphism, Genetic
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Neurons/metabolism
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Naltrexone/therapeutic use
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N-Methylaspartate/metabolism
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Models, Neurological
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Models, Biological
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Humans
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Glutamine/metabolism
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Disulfiram/therapeutic use
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Alcoholism/*drug therapy
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Alcohol Deterrents/*therapeutic use
5.Capsule metadoxine in the treatment of alcoholic liver disease: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter study.
Yi-Min MAO ; Min-de ZENG ; You-Ming LI ; Bing-Yuan WANG ; Jia SHANG ; Rui-Hua SHI ; Ji-Yong LIU ; Lun-Gen LU ; Ai-Ping CAO
Chinese Journal of Hepatology 2009;17(3):213-216
OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy and safety of Capsule metadoxine in the treatment of alcoholic liver disease.
METHODSA randomized double blind multicenter placebo-controlled clinical study was performed to evaluate the therapeutic effectiveness and safety of capsule metadoxine. Patients in metadoxine group received capsule metadoxine 500mg tid po. Patients in placebo group received placebo 2 pillows tid po. The treatment duration was 6 weeks. Patients were followed up 2 weeks after the treatment. Patients were visited once every 3 weeks during the treatment period. Clinical symptoms and liver function were evaluated in all the patients before treatment, at week 3, week 6 and 2 weeks after therapy. CT scan was done in some patients before treatment and at the end point of therapy.
RESULTS254 patients were recruited in the study, 126 in metadoxine group and 128 in placebo group. Median ALT, AST, GGT level in metadoxine group were decreased from 80.0 U/L, 59.2 U/L, 123.0 U/L (before treatment) to 41.1 U/L, 36.0 U/L, 57.0 U/L (after 6 weeks therapy). The improvement in liver function was more significant in metadoxine group than in placebo group (P less than 0.05). For the patients who stopped drinking during the study, the total effective rate of improvement in liver function was 82.8% in metadoxine group, much higher than that in placebo group (55.7% , P=0.0000). For the patients who did not stop drinking during the study, the total effective rate of improvement in liver function was 65.4% in metadoxine group, which is not significantly higher than that in placebo group (44.8%, P=0.1767). The CT value ratio of liver to spleen was significantly improved in metadoxine group (P=0.0023), and there was no significant difference between the two groups (P=0.6293). The rate of adverse was 1.6% in both of groups.
CONCLUSIONCapsule metadoxine is an effective and safe treatment for alcoholic liver disease.
Administration, Oral ; Adult ; Aged ; Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; Alcohol Deterrents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Analysis of Variance ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; blood ; Capsules ; Double-Blind Method ; Drug Combinations ; Fatty Liver, Alcoholic ; blood ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Liver ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Liver Diseases, Alcoholic ; blood ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Liver Function Tests ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pyridoxine ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome ; Ultrasonography ; Young Adult ; gamma-Glutamyltransferase ; blood