No abstract available.
Albuterol* ; Humans ; Infant* ; Ultrasonics*

No abstract available.
Albuterol* ; Asthma* ; Gases* ; Inhalation*

To survey 30 patients aged 15-65 years with acute severe asthma. They were randomized into one of three different groups: group(A): reiceived salbutamol solution via a nebulizer impelled with oxygen; group (B): received Salbutamol solution via an air compressor-driven nebulizer; and group (C): received Salbutamol via a Metered-dose inhaler attached to a value aerosol holding chamber (Volumatic). After the 6 hours treatment, PEF (peak exhale flow) and other parameters improved significantly in 27 patients. No patient discontinued the trial or transferred to the intensive unit and no cardiovascular adverse events were reported in the study groups. These data showed that the three delivery methods were appropriate to treat subjects with acute severe asthma, however the metered dose inhaler (with holding chamber) was the best choice in the recent medical condition of Vietnam
Asthma ; Aerosols ; Albuterol ; Therapeutics ;

BACKGROUND: Salmeterol, a new beta2-adrenergic receptor agonist is a long-acting bronchodilator and benefits patients -with asthma who have nocturnal symptoms. We wished to assess the efficacy of inhaled salmeterol (50 microgram bid) compared to inhaled salbutamol (200 microgram qid) for the treatment of bronchial asthma, particular. ly nocturnal asthma. METHOD: We randomly assigned 35 patents (25 female and 0 male patients, 15 to 50 years old) to one of two treatment groups one group received 50 microgram of salmeterol twice daily and another did 200 microgram salbutamol four times per day. And this study was performed as an open-label and the 6 weeks inhalation period. RESULTS: Analysis of symptom scare; Day and night time symptom score showed significant difference between salmeterol and salbutamol Group (p<0.05). Number of days for additional bronchodilator requirements The number of days and puffs for additional bronchodilator were lower in the salbutamol group in either day and night time (p<0.05). Pulmonary function test; FEV1 showed significant increase in salbutamol group compared to salbutamol group after 2 and 4 weeks inhalation period. Adverse effects, We found no evidence of tolerance to the bronchodilating effects of salmeterol, and adverse reactions to all the treatments were infrequent and mild. CONCLUSION: For the management of bronchial asthma, salmeterol given twice daily is superior to salbutamol given four times daily.
Albuterol* ; Asthma* ; Female ; Humans ; Inhalation* ; Male ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Salmeterol Xinafoate

Background: Effect of salbutamol nebulization in the treatment of acute bronchiolitis in infants is contraverse. Objectives: This study aims to evaluate effect of salbutamol nebulization in infants with bronchiolitis. Subjects and method: Patients were divided into two groups. Treatment group was given salbutamol nebulization with dose of 0.15mg/kg/time, with 2ml sodium 0.9%, 2 times with 30 minute interval and control group. Indicators including Sa02, heart rate and respiratory rate were measured before and after nebuliser of salbutamol. These indicators were compared at times before nebulizing (T1) and after 15 minute (T2), 30 minute (T3), 60 minute (T4). Clinical trends and mean treatment days were compared between two groups. Results: There were 80 infants under 1 year old with bronchiolitis studied from July 2004 to July 2005. Of whom, there were 53 (66.3%) male and 27 (33.7) female. Mean age was 5.4 \xb1 2.69 months. There were 59 infants with mild and moderate forms and 21 infants with severe one. There were 47 infants treated by salbutamol nebulization and 33 infants in the control group. No significant difference of clinical trends and avarage treatment days were found between two groups. Conclusion: Salbutamol nebulization showed no effect on the treatment of acute bronchiolitis in infants.
Bronchiolitis/ therapy ; Albuterol/ diagnostic use

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy of 3 commonly used protocols for management of acute exacerbation of asthma in children.

METHODSTotally 113 asthmatic children were randomized into 3 groups. In group A (53 cases), the children were treated with inhalation of nebulized budesonide suspension plus salbutamol and ipratropium bromide twice daily for 5 days; in group B (41 cases), budesonide plus salbutamol and ipratropium aerosol was administered, and in group C (29 cases), dexathmisone plus aminophylline injection was given once daily for 5 days. All the children received basic treatment with fluid infusion, antibiotics or/and anti-virus medications.

RESULTSThe children in both groups A and C showed effectively controlled asthma attack, with significant differences in the therapeutic effects (P>0.05). In contrast, only a few children showed improvement in group B, suggesting the ineffectiveness of the treatment.

CONCLUSIONNebulized medicine is one of the best means for management of acute asthma exacerbation in children, and inhalation of budesonide suspension plus salbutamol and ipratropium bromide can effectively relieve the asthmatic symptoms in these children with good compliance and convenient administration.

Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Aerosols ; Albuterol ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Asthma ; drug therapy ; Bronchodilator Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Budesonide ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Ipratropium ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Treatment Outcome

Salmeterol is a long acting, highly selective, beta2-adrenergic agonist. It prevents asthma symptoms in patients with mild or moderate disease and improves nocturnal asthma and sleep quality. We evaluated the bronchodilator and bronchoprotective effect and duration of action of inhaled salmeterol in patients wlth asthma. We compared the bronchodilator and bronchoprotective effects of salmeterol with salbutamol in 34 patients with asthma. Diagnosis of asthma was confirmed with methacholine challenge test or airway reversibility test. We performed the symptom index questionnaire, peak expiratory flow rate, pulmonary function test and methacholine challenge test. Symptom scores were more improved with salmeterol treatment than salbutamol treatment. After salmeterol inhalation, mean FEV1 increased from 1.95L(pre-treatment) to 2.04L(early stage in the treatment), 2.06L(late stage), 2.03L(follow up). There was no difference in FEV1 between early stage and late stage after salmeterol treatment. With salmeterol, there was a significant increases in PC30 on methacholine challenge test ( PC20 4.96 : 16.42). Salmeterol is a potent, long-acting bronchodilator, with a slower onset and longer duration of bronchodilation than salbutamol. It also has bronchoprotective effect and shows low incidence of adverse effects.
Albuterol ; Asthma ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Incidence ; Inhalation ; Methacholine Chloride ; Peak Expiratory Flow Rate ; Respiratory Function Tests ; Salmeterol Xinafoate ; Surveys and Questionnaires

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The knowledge about the effects of the nebulized B2-agonist on serum potassium is limited. We aimed to assess the possible hypokalemia following nebulization of salbutamol. METHOD: Seven patients(mean age 60 +- 7.1years) with acute exacerbated asthma were treated with salbutamol nebulization(5mg nebulization at 1 hour interval, 3 times) without concomitant use of steroid or other bronchodilator such as theophylline. RESULTS: There was a significant increase in FEV1, from 46.41+-25.91% at baseline to 62.86+-22.38% at 3 hours after treatment. Serum potassium concentration was significantly decreased, from 3.93+-0.58mEq/L at baseline to 3.41+-0.62mEq/L and 3.46+-0.53mEq/L at 1 hour and 3 hours after third nebulization, repectively. There was a significant prolongation of the QTc interval in EKG from 454.36+-27.07msec at baseline to 479.41+-35.64msec and 505.09+-58. 69msec at 1 hour and 3 hours after third nebulization, respectively. Serum salbutamol concentration was 4.18+-3.39ng/ml at baseline, and increased to 7.69+-6.94ng/ml and 9.84+10.34ng/ ml at 1 hour and 3 hours after treatment, respectively. Magnitude of the hypokalemia and the degree of prolongation of the electrocardiographic QTc interval were significantly correlated with the level of serum salbutamol concenturation. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that cardiac complication could develop due to hypokalemia during repeated salbutamol nebulization. Caution should be done in monitoring of serum potassium concentration when using nebulized salbutamol repeatedly for the treatment of acute exacerbated bronchial asthma.
Albuterol* ; Asthma ; Electrocardiography ; Hypokalemia ; Potassium* ; Theophylline

beta -Blockers can cause bronchospasm in asthma. beta 2-agonists prolong the QT interval and alter the clinical course of long QT syndrome (LQTS). We report a case of asthma exacerbation treated cautiously with beta 2-agonists in a patient with LQTS, while LQTS was controlled with low-dose beta 1-antagonists. A 31-year-old woman with LQTS visited the emergency room for asthma exacerbation. FEV1 was 0.5 L (18%) and QTc interval was 520 ms. Low doses of salbutamol or salmeterol were used and gradually increased, while monitoring the QT interval. Simultaneously, a low dose of atenolol was maintained. FEV1 was increased to 2.2 L (83%) without further QT prolongation or cardiac events. The case suggests that lower doses of beta 1-antagonists can be tried for cardiac diseases, even in the presence of asthma exacerbations. beta 2-Agonists may be initiated at lower doses and, if tolerated, the dose can be increased in asthmatic patients with a risk for QT prolongation.
Adrenergic beta-Agonists ; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists ; Adult ; Albuterol ; Asthma ; Atenolol ; Bronchial Spasm ; Emergencies ; Female ; Heart Diseases ; Humans ; Long QT Syndrome ; Salmeterol Xinafoate

BACKGROUND: A combination of salmeterol and fluticasone propionate (SFC) and tiotropium bromide (TIO) is commonly prescribed for COPD patients but there is little data on their effectiveness, particularly in COPD patients with bronchial hyperresponsiveness. This study compared the spirometric improvement based on the change in FEV1, FEV1/FVC, and IC as well as the clinical outcomes of the therapeutic strategies with SFC and TIO versus the individual components in patients with severe COPD and bronchial hyperresponsiveness. METHODS: This study examined the spirometric data and clinical outcomes of 214 patients with COPD and hyperresponsiveness, who were divided into three groups according to the therapeutic regimen (TIO only, SFC only, and a triple therapy regimen). RESULTS: All regimen groups showed early improvement in the FEV1 and IC (at 3- and 6 months after treatment). However, long-term beneficial effects were observed only in the SFC group (at 24 months after treatment). However, these beneficial effects decreased after a 36-month follow up. In all spirometric results, the 12-, 24-, and 36-months data showed a similar degree of improvement in the three groups. The triple therapy group showed higher St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire scores and lower acute exacerbations and hospitalization. CONCLUSION: SFC can be a more important component in the pharmacological treatment of severe COPD patients with hyperresponsiveness than TIO, particularly in the spirometric and clinical outcomes.
Albuterol ; Androstadienes ; Diethylpropion ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Scopolamine Derivatives ; Treatment Outcome ; Fluticasone ; Tiotropium Bromide ; Salmeterol Xinafoate