Objective To determine if nitric oxide(NO)is involved in the protective effect of propefolpretreatment(PP)against ischemia-reperfusion injury(I/R).Methods Eighteen male SD rats weighing 250-350 gwere randomly divided into 3 groups(n=6 each):A normal control;B I/R and C PP+I/R.The animals werekilled by a knock on the head.Hearts were immediately removed and passively perfused in a Langendorff apparatusat 37℃ with oxygenated(95% O_2,5% CO_2)Krebs-Hensleit(KH)solution at 90 cm H_20.In group B and C thehearts were subjected to 35 min global ischemia by suspension of perfusion followed by 120 min reperfusion.Ingroup C the hearts were perfused with KH solution containing 50 ?mol?L~(-1) propofol for 10 min followed by 10 minpropefol wash-out before I/R.At the end of reperfusion myocardial specimen was obtained from left ventricle andhomogenized for determination of the activities of total NOS(iNOS+cNOS)aand SOD and expression of iNOS andheme-oxygenase-1(HO-1)and content of NO,The relationship between the NO content and activity and/orexpression of these protein and enzyme were analyzed by correlation analysis.Myocardium was examined with lightand electron microscope.Results The myocardial NO content,tNOS activity and tSOD activity were significantlylower in group B than in group A and C and there was no significant difference in NO content,and activity of tNOSand tSOD between group A and C.The NO content was positively correlated with tNOS and negatively correlatedwith Mn-SOD aetivety and HO-1 expression.Microscopic examination showed severe cell injury or necrosis in groupB but little injury in group C.Conclusion Ischemia and reperfusion decrease activity of tNOS and SOD butincrease HO-1 expression resulting in decrease in NO content.Propofol pretreatment protects the heart from I/Rinjury through increase in NOS and antioxidases(Mn-SOD,HO-1).

Objective To determine the risk factors of Contrast-induced Nephropathy(CIN)and discuss means of minimizing the risk or preventing this complication.Methods A retrospective analysis of the data of 17 patients who were confirmed CIN in The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guzngzhou Medical College from 2004.6-2005.12 was admin- istrated.The contrast medium was lopamidol,doses varied from 70 mL to 150 mL.Serum creatinine(Scr)was meas- ured before and day 2,day 7 after angiography.Results Scr elevation of all the patients was 82.35?99.10?mol/Lat day 2.Scr of 11 patients returned to normal at day 7(103.82?20.49)?mol/L,the other 6 still remain high level (437.83?335.85)?mol/L and 3 of them needed hemodialysis therapy.Conclusion Risk factors of CIN include baseline Scr elevation,congestive heart failure,diabetes,high doses of contrast medium and concomitant use of nephro- toxic drugs.Contrast medium should be used at the minimal dose necessary in patients preexisting renal impairment.Di- uretics and other nephrotoxic drugs should be withheld for at least 24 hours before and after exposure to contrast medium. Additional fluids and hemofiltration should be given to prevent CIN.

Objective To investigate the environmental quality and water quality of bathing beach in Haikou,Hainan province and the effects on human health.Methods The investigation of the bathing beach environment and the water quality were conducted according to Bathing Beach Monitoring Regulations(2002).The water samples were collected at PM 3:00-5.00 on May 28th to June 3th in 2007 from three sampling sites,No.1(easily be polluted),No.2(crowded),No.3(less pollution).The questionnaire survey was conducted on the present day and 7 days later,the items included the respiratory,digestive systems infection and eye,ear,nose and skin inflammation,the survey was completed in two days.Results The environment survey of bathing beach suggested that non-point source pollution caused by domestic wastewater emerged on raining days,the salinity was 31‰-33‰,clarity exceeded 30 centimeter and no heat pollution was found.The pH value,chroma,dissolved oxygen,nitrate nitrogen,chemical oxygen demand,inorganic nitrogen,fecal coli group was 8.01-8.10,11.42-15.00 NTU,5.60-6.71 mg/L,0.16- 0.17mg/L,2.70-3.40mg/L,0.19-0.21 mg/L and 35.0-36.0/L respectively.Four hundred and eight questionnaires were eligible, the response rate was over 90%.The results demonstrated that the swimmers were facing to the increased illness risk from the water quality,such as skin pruritus,gastrointestinal allergies,throat sore,eye and ear and nose infections.There was distinct higher proportion in the participants with water contact and complained one or more symptoms than those without water contact(P

OBJECTIVETo establish an in vitro model of hepatitis B virus (HBV) replication and expression in primary rat hepatocytes (PRH) transfected with circular viral DNA for further study on the interaction of HBV with hepatocytes.

METHODSCircular viral DNA containing complete HBV genome were transfected into PRH by electroporation (transfected group, about 4mug of circular viral DNA/1 10(7)cells). From day 1 to day 10 after transfection, HBsAg and HBeAg in the supernatants and lysates of PRH were measured with IMX system. HBcAg was assayed with western blotting, immunol dot blotting and immunocytochemistry. Meanwhile, HBV S-mRNA and X-mRNA were tested with RT-PCR, and replicative intermediates of HBV DNA were analyzed by southern blotting and dot blotting. Moreover, Transmission electron microscopy was used if viral particles were produced in transfected rat hepatocytes. PRH electroporated only was used as control group.

RESULTS(1) Viral antigen production in transfected rat hepatocytes: HBsAg in cell lysates was positive. P/N values ranged from 4.83 to 85.69, and could be maintained for 10 days after transfection. The average P/N values was 18.239 27.459. Whereas, HBsAg was negative in the supernatants of transfected group (P/N values, negative<2.1). HBeAg in the supernatants and lysates of transfected hepatocytes all was negative (P/N values<2.1) during 10 days following transfection. HBcAg was only found positive in transfected hepatocytes by immunol dot blotting. (2) Detection of viral transcripts: transcription of HBV DNA was investigated by preparing total RNA from rat hepatocytes 2 days after transfection and looking for S-mRNA and X-mRNA by RT-PCR. Results showed S-mRNA positive, X-mRNA negative. (3) HBV DNA replication analysis: intracellular total DNA was extracted 2 days after transfection and analysed by southern blotting. All replicative DNA intermediates, including relaxed circular (rcDNA), covalently closed circular (cccDNA), and single-stranded (ssDNA) linear HBV DNA forms, were indicated. Dot blotting showed intracellular HBV DNA positive in transfected group during 10 days after transfection. However, viral particles were not found in transfected hepatocytes during 3 days after transfection.

CONCLUSIONSCircular HBV DNA transfected into primary adult rat hepatocytes could obtain continuous replication and stable expression of HBV surface antigen. This in vitro model has high reproducibility and stability, and is useful for directly studying the interaction of HBV with hepatocytes.

Animals ; DNA Replication ; DNA, Circular ; genetics ; DNA, Viral ; genetics ; Gene Expression ; Hepatitis B Core Antigens ; analysis ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; analysis ; Hepatitis B e Antigens ; analysis ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; Hepatocytes ; virology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Transfection ; Virus Replication