Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the "Health Care Town in Kyoto" project designed to promote health and safety for health conscious people in a small community. We conducted a survey involving the users of the salon and local residents to examine the effects of the activities in the salon.Methods: We recorded the activities of salon and conducted semi-structured interviews with ten local residents to ask their opinions about the salon. The data from the interviews were analyzed using the Grounded Theory Approach. We distributed a questionnaire and collected 215 valid responses (valid response rate: 67.8%).Results: 1) Purpose of using the salon was categorized into health consultation, conversation with others, rest and other purpose. 2) The significance of the salon for users was categorized into usability, acquisition of useful information, changes in daily habits and their maintenance, diversion, interaction with other people and acceptance by the shopping center. 3) The results of the questionnaire survey showed marked relations between Well-Being Index (WHO-5), age, employment and family budget, self-rated health and ability to perform daily activities (TMIG), whereas use of the salon was not associated with Well-Being Index (WHO-5). On the other hand, there were marked relations between loneliness (LSO), educational background and use of the salon, demonstrating that the facility helped its users reduce loneliness (LSO).Conclusion: In this town, the salon has served as a place providing effective preventive support for the health of individual users.

　　This study evaluates the quality of life (QOL) for elderly community residents on both health-related and subjective QOLs, while comparing QOL-related factors between so-called “younger old” (residents in the age bracket of 65-74) and “older old” (those in that of 75 and over) in regard to QOL-related factors. Questionnaires were distributed to 929 residents in both age groups who affiliated themselves with a senior citizens’ club in City “K” in 2009. Data on 596 persons were analyzed in this study. Results pertinent to basic attributes, health status, lifestyle habits, social exchange, and QOL were analyzed in a multivariate method. Among residents in the age bracket of 65-74, the subjective sense of well-being, the frequency of going out, gender, the frequency of conversations with neighbors, financial security, and bedtime hours were looked upon as factors contributory to improvements in QOL, whereas low back pain, the frequency of mutual support among neighbors, high GDS scores, personal activities, and numbness were taken in as factors deteriorative to QOL. Among the over-75s, the subjective sense of well-being, cardiac disorders, and financial security were regarded as factors contributory to improvements in QOL, whereas low back pains and cardiac disorders were looked upon as factors deteriorative to QOL. To improve the elderly’s QOL, it is considered essential to step up their efforts to manage and relieve depression and low back pains.

　　This study was conducted to clarify whether the health locus of control (HLC) is associated with body weight change after adjusting effects of different factors in a general adult population.　　In male subjects with a normal weight, external locus of control was associated with weight gain, whereas internal locus of control was not significantly correlated with weight loss, after adjusting the effects of factors related to body weight change. Although the external locus of control was associated with weight gain, HLC had a limited effect on body weight change in adults.　　Besides HLC, the factors significantly correlated with body weight change. Skipping breakfast, napping, and a weight cycling are related to weight gain, whereas obesity and stress were connected with weight loss. A look at gender differences showed that weight gain was associated with marriage, skipping breakfast, napping, and a variable body weight, whereas weight loss was associated with obesity and the declaration of weight reduction in male subjects. In female subjects, weight gain was associated with eating speed and smoking.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the emotional intelligence quotient and health-related quality of life using structural equation modeling.
Methods: A self-administered questionnaire survey was conducted among 1,911 mothers who visited the Health Center for an infant medical examination. A hypothetical model was constructed using variables of the emotional intelligence quotient, social support, coping, parenting stress, and perceived health competence.
Result: There were a total of 1,104 valid responses (57.8%). Significant standardized estimates were obtained, confirming the goodness of fit issues with the model. The emotional intelligence quotient had a strong impact on physical and psychological quality of life, and showed the greatest association with coping. This study differed from previous studies in that, due to the inclusion of social support and explanatory variables in coping, an increase in coping strategies was more highly associated with emotional intelligence quotient levels than with social support.
Conclusion: An enhanced emotional intelligence quotient should be considered a primary objective to promote the health of mothers with infant children.

　　This study was carried out to clarify the effects of the sense of community and living environment on elderly citizens’ mental health. We conducted a self-administered questionnaire survey targeting 820 men and women aged 65 and over, who were a member of “A” seniors’ club or participant of a daily service event organized by “A” Council of Social Welfare. Valid responses came from 577 people, who were enrolled in this study. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that elderly citizens’ life satisfaction was positively correlated with “subjective sense of well-being”, “hypertension”, “junior high school district”, “love for the region”, “social supports&rdqul;, and “no medical problems”, and negatively correlated with “neuroticism” and &ldqip:stress”. In addition, risk factors for depression were “single life”, “neuroticism”, and “stress”, whereas improvement factors were “subjective sense of well-being”, “hobby”, “fine views”, and “sociability”. Our findings showed that elderly adults’ mental health status was associated with various factors such as their “love for the region” “living environment with fine views”, “subjective sense of well-being”, and “personality”. These results suggested that community networks could favorably affect elderly people’s mental health.

　　In a cohort study of 7,820 elderly residents, we explored whether the priority items of the basic checklist predict new issuance of a certificate of needed long-term care. We analyzed data using Cox’s proportional hazard regression, with new issuance of a certificate of needed longterm care as the dependent variable, need for secondary prevention services (determined by the basic checklist results) and required level of specific health guidance as independent variables, and sex, age, place of residence, and use of long-term care prevention services as moderator variables.　　The results were as follows. The priority items of the basic checklist to assess need for secondary prevention services were useful for screening in both the younger and older elderly populations. Also, more certificates of needed long-term care were issued to those individuals who received secondary prevention services. Furthermore, partial functional impairment was also significantly associated with issuing a new certificate.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the factors influencing the requirement of a certificate of long-term care using a basic checklist and items listed in the Special Health Checkup.

Method: This study included 7,820 individuals living in Uji city, who were selected from among 8,000 elderly individuals who, in 2008, underwent a specific health checkup (hereafter referred to as the ‘specific health checkup for the old-old elderly individuals’) for those aged 75 years and above. They answered questions from basic checklists at the time, and 180 individuals were excluded as they had already qualified for requiring the certificate of long-term care at the time of the checkup. The follow-up period extended from the day of the specific health checkup for the old-old elderly individuals to March 31, 2013. The data were analyzed using the certificate of needing long-term care as the response variable. The explanatory variables were the basic attributes, items listed in the specific health checkup for the old-old elderly individuals, interview sheets, and basic checklists. Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was conducted.

Results: In total, 1,280 elderly individuals qualified for requiring the certificate of needing long-term care. The risk factors for the young-old elderly individuals aged 65 to 74 years were as follows: hepatic dysfunction (hazard ratio {HR}=1.69), the presence of subjective symptoms (HR=1.41), an above-normal abdominal circumference (HR=1.36), old age (HR=1.13), a reduced frequency of going out since the previous year (HR=1.87), the use of support for standing up after being seated on a chair (HR=1.86), no deposit or withdrawals made (HR=1.84), the anxiety of falling down (HR=1.50), an inability to climb stairs without holding a railing or wall (HR=1.49), as well as an increased difficulty in eating tough food items compared with 6 months prior (HR=1.44). The risk factors for the old-old elderly individuals were as follows: a positive reaction on proteinuria (HR=1.27), anemia (HR=1.18), old age (HR=1.10), inability to travel on a bus or train by themselves (HR=1.53), the inability to climb stairs without holding a railing or wall (HR=1.48), weight loss (HR=1.36), a reduced sense of appreciation of the activities they had previously participated in, over a span of 2 weeks (HR=1.30), the use of support for standing up after being seated on a chair (HR=1.23), and the anxiety of falling down (HR=1.20).

Conclusion: The items listed in the specific medical checkup as well as the basic checklists were found to be risk factors for both the young-old elderly individuals and the old-old elderly individuals, indicating the need to utilize these lists for the prevention of nursing even in the late stages of life. Moreover, these results suggest the importance of screening elderly individuals suffering from hyperkinesis using the basic checklist and conducting preventive interventions in order to maintain and improve their physical functions.

Objective: The objective of this study was to verify the recognition of dangers and obstacles within a house in the elderly when walking based on analyses of gaze point fixation.Materials and Methods: The rate of recognizing indoor dangers was compared among 30 elderly, 14 middle-aged and 11 young individuals using the Eye Mark Recorder.Results: 1) All of the elderly, middle-aged and young individuals showed a high recognition rate of 100% or near 100% when ascending outdoor steps but a low rate of recognizing obstacles placed on the steps. They showed a recognition rate of about 60% when descending steps from residential premises to the street. The rate of recognizing middle steps in the elderly was significantly lower than that in younger and middle-aged individuals. Regarding recognition indoors, when ascending stairs, all of the elderly, middle-aged and young individuals showed a high recognition rate of nearly 100%. When descending stairs, they showed a recognition rate of 70-90%. However, although the recognition rate in the elderly was lower than in younger and middle-aged individuals, no significant difference was observed. 2) When moving indoors, all of the elderly, middle-aged and young individuals showed a recognition rate of 70%-80%. The recognition rate was high regarding obstacles such as floors, televisions and chests of drawers but low for obstacles in the bathroom and steps on the path. The rate of recognizing steps of doorsills forming the division between a Japanese-style room and corridor as well as obstacles in a Japanese-style room was low, and the rate in the elderly was low, being 40% or less.Conclusion: The rate of recognizing steps of doorsills as well as obstacles in a Japanese-style room was lower in the elderly in comparison with middle-aged or young individuals.

Introduction: We started the gender-specific clinic for women to provide sufficient treatment for female patients. The purpose of this study was to clarify the characteristics of patients using the gender-specific clinic for women, and to assess the association among depression, physical and mental subjective symptoms.Methods: This observational study included female patients aged 16-84 years who visited our clinic between June 2012 and December 2015 (N=97). In addition to general attributes, we collected data on physical and mental symptoms, and depression status using the Cornell Medical Index (CMI) and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), respectively, at the first visit. We conducted analyses to assess patient characteristics and the association between subjective symptoms and depression, and between physical and mental symptoms by estimating odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results: The average age of subjects was 50.4 years. The average CMI score was 42.7 points and 55.9% of the subjects were suggested to be neurotic. The average SDS score was 45.0 points and 64.0% of them were suggested to be depressed. The association with depression by SDS was observed in subjective symptoms of CMI such as fatigue (OR [95%CI]: 7.66 [2.26-25.99], p-value: 0.001) and anxiety (OR [95%CI]: 11.73 [1.80-∞], p-value: 0.006). Physical symptoms in the cardiovascular system were positively association with some mental symptoms such as tension.Conclusion: As female patients often have mental symptoms, it is essential for doctors engaging in gender-specific medicine for women to approach patients while considering psychological and mental aspects.

Introduction: Kameda Family Clinic Tateyama (hereafter referred to as "the clinic" ) has been providing antenatal care by family physicians in collaboration with the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Kameda General Hospital (hereafter referred to as "the main hospital" ) since 2006, but the scope of the program was limited to low-risk pregnant women up to 34 weeks of pregnancy. The program was expanded to include some high-risk pregnant women and full-term pregnant women. We conducted a retrospective study to determine how much the burden of hospital visits by pregnant women was reduced.Methods: We compared the actual situation of antenatal checkups with that assumed in the management before 2021, and analyzed the reduced number of visits to the main hospital and the total distance of visits to the main hospital.Results: Twenty-seven pregnant women were included in the study, and the median number of visits to the main hospital was reduced by 3 visits and the median distance of the main hospital visits was reduced by 183.6 km. In the high-risk group, the median number of visits to the main hospital was reduced by 5.5 times, and the median distance of visits was reduced by 257.6 km.Conclusion: Expansion of antenatal checkups using ICT technology safely reduced the distance of hospital visits for pregnant women.