End-of-life discussion with patients with advanced cancer is one of the important factors to determine the patient quality of life and their families' grief. The primary aim of this study is to collect Japanese medical oncologists' views toward end-of-life discussion. A context analysis of free comments of the questionnaire survey was conducted. Questionnaires were mailed to 864 medical oncologists, and 490 responses were obtained. A content analysis identified 420 free comments. As barriers of end-of-life discussion for oncologists, three types of barriers were emerged: 1) issues relating to patient and family (e.g., [individuality of the patient and family], [difficulty of acceptance of illness progression]), 2) issues relating to medical professionals (e.g., [a lack of psychological support], [difference in beliefs about end-of-life discussion among medical professionals]), and 3) health care systems (e.g., [a lack of time and human resources], [a lack of education and research]). The findings of this study may be useful to improve mutual understanding of oncologists and palliative care physicians when performing the end-of-life discussion in collaboration.

Training system of palliative care in Japan has not been fully established, and young physicians’ needs for palliative care training are not nearly satisfied. We have recently conducted a nationwide survey to clarify unmet learning needs among Japanese physicians in specialty training in palliative care and the potential solutions they favored to meet those needs. Here we report findings of content analyses of free comments in the survey. Of 284 physicians, 253 (89%) responded, and 229 were eligible after we had excluded resident physicians with less than 2 years of clinical experience and board-certified palliative care physicians. The content analyses from 80 physicians (35%) identified 162 codes with respect to needs for improvement which were further classified into 24 subcategories and 9 categories (e.g., contents of subspecialty training, certified facilities, research capabilities, learning environment and methods, system of board certification, and networking). These findings may help improve specialty training in palliative care in Japan.