After studying the Step Test (hereinafter referred to as ST), one of the method of measuring the endurance of whole part of body, another method of measuring the endurance against the load of upper limbs is considered necessary for those physically handicapped person and or those who reqires a consideration for local development, as in the ST the loaded parts of the movement is limitted only to lower limbs.
Following the method of ST, a method of measuring the endurance of upper limbs is worked out as shown belows;
A method of measuring the endurance of upper limbs;
Arm Test (hereinafter referred to as AT) (A tentative idea)
Kinetic load method;
for male: floor push-up type.
To bend and stretch successively for 30 times with two seconds each. (When stretching arms from bended position, to give a word every one second to prevent from using reactive power.)
To make him sit and count his pulse at following three different times;
P₁: 30 sec.-45 sec. after
P₂: 1 mm. -1 min. 15 sec. after
P₃: 1 min. 30 sec. -1 min. 45 sec. after
(However, the time to start measuring is quickened as well as measuring time is shortened because of quick recovery of pulse after the excersise.)
Exponential Equation:
AT=60 (loaded times/sec.) /P₁+P₂+P₃×100
(ST method is applied also in this case, but calculated based on basic calculation formula, as the marks obtained was one half of that of ST.)
The auther applied this test together with ST to several groups to find out that the sum of the marks of AT and ST as well as ratio differs in each group. In other word, the sum of the endurance of both upper and lower limbs is taked for as the endurance of the whole body and the ratio of these as the difference of the endurance between the upper and lower limbs.
We will study further on as to the appropriateness of this measuring method and calculation formula of the marks to find out method of measuring the endurance of upper limbs, and at the same time will study the method of evaluating the endurance of whole body.

To date a uniform set of standards for the kinesiology and measurement of the degree of flexibility of the human body are not available in Japan. In the methods of measurement of the suppleness of the human body, various distances and angles have been used separately as frames of reference. In the selection of angles for lateral observation on the human body, some investigators have set the standard point of reference at the major trochanter, while others have taken the anterior superior iliac spine as their standard point of reference.
In the present study, the lateral angle of the human body was measured using the anterior superior iliac spine and the major trochanter as the standard points. The values from the measurement of these two points were comparatively studied around the rotation of the pelvis. In 4 male and 4 female university students without joint abnormalities, measurement was carried out in 5 postures (1) normal (2) lordosis (3) flat back (4) flexion of the trunk (5) hyperextension of the trunk.
As the standard points for angle analysis, 4 points, the acromion, anterior superior iliac spine, the major trochanter, and the lateral malleolus were selected. As the angle to express each posture, the anterior angle of the acromion-anterior superior iliac spine-lateral malleolus and anterior angle of the acromion-major trochanter-lateral malleolus were measured.
For the observation of pelvic inclination, the internal angle of the anterior superior iliac spine-major trochanter and the lateral malleolus was measured. In order to analyze this, the range of fluctuation of the postural angle against pelvic inclination around the major trochanter and anterior superior iliac spine was calculated.
As a results, a small variance in the fluctuation of the values of measurement in each test subject would express a change of posture due to pelvic rotation. In each case, the use of the major trochanter gave a small unbiased variance.
In our experience, palpation of the major trochanter or anterior superior iliac spine especially in females revealed less resistance by the former. Consequently, based on these results, the use of the tip of the major trochanter appears to be more reasonable than the anterior superior iliac spine as a reference point for the observation of the human body from the lateral aspect.
It is proposed that the standard point should be placed on the center of the major movable joint to express the posture and other movement, in addition to the anterior superior iliac spine.

As a method of agility measurement under wide current use, the repeated side step is well-known. At present in Japan, a duration of 20 seconds is employed to test agility ; but it is often reported that the factor of endurance is included in this. When a diagnosis involving agility is made based on the performance of exercise, the duration of the time of measurement was controlled in order to avoid the mixing of other factors and to ensure measurement of as few factors as possible. The distance of step was made flexible according to the age. Since a constant distance makes the longitudinal tracing easier, the distance of step was also studied.
Side steps were tested and duration of measurement was examined based on determinations in 1857 subjects, Junior and Senior school boys and girls and male university students. During the 20 seconds of measurement, scores were recorded every 5 seconds to study the time course of the fluctuations of scores. Taking into consideration factors of endurance such as the endurance of the lower extremity system, the knee test was conducted to see the relationship between scores of the repeated side step and knee test values. As to the distance of the step, 200 high school girls were tested over a distance of 100cm ×2 and 120cm ×2, for 10 seconds each.
As to the time of measurement, the average score during the first 10-15 seconds after start tended to decrease. In the time course of fluctuations of the scores in each subject, a decrease in the fall of scorse was seen about 10 seconds after the start in approximately 55% of the test subjects.
Based on the assumption that the endurance of the lower extremity system participates in this, high and low groups with a significant difference in the endurance of the lower extremity at the level of P<0.001 were compared. While no difference was seen in the slope of the score increase over a 10-second period from the start, changes of scores were distinctly different between 10 and 20 seconds, the lower values in the low group being obvious. The endurance of the lower extremity system was then studied in the two groups with high and low scores in the side step between 10 and 20 seconds. In the group with high scores, the endurance of the lower extremity was high : and a significant difference at P<0.01 was noted in this index.
These results would definitely indicate that mixing of other factors is unavoidable under the current measurement duration of 20 seconds
As to the distance of the step, scores are apparently different even in the same test subject, depending upon the distance of the step. The scores are also different depending upon the body length.
In both of the two groups, however, the scores for each different distance of the step showed a high correlation between each other, giving a correlation coefficient of γ= 0.88 in the group with high body length and γ= 0.82 in the group with low body length, indicating a high correlation.
Based on the diagnosis of agility and performance of exercise, in order to obtain the results of measurement of as simple a factor as possible, the agility time measurement is corrected to 10 seconds ; and the distance of the step is made constant at 100cm×2 regardless of the age, to a distance without unnatural effort even by a primary school pupil, in order to obtain a better diagnosis and tolerance for exercise for the desirable development and maintenance of agility.
The influence of body height on the score should be studied in the future.

We have tried to design a method to measure health degrees as one of ideas to grasp the activity of general population.
We should like to suggest to measure relative local endurance and to observe its index or their mutual index ratio measurement of their endurance in each item.
Exercise method was already reported in the report (1) .
Loading time by standing arm test (SAT) is 1 minute, knee test (KT) is 30 seconds, sit up test (ST) is 30 seconds for general population.
Extimate formulas on index are given as follows,
SAT=120-2Y/ (P₁+P₂) ×4×1.36×100=2206-37Y/P₁+P₂
KT=120-2X/ (P₁+P₂) ×4×1.22×100=2459-41X/P₁+P₂
_??_ST₃₀=120-3Z/ (P₁+P₂) ×4×1.20×100=2500-63Z/P₁+P₂
_??_ST₃₀=120-3Z/ (P₁+P₂) ×4×1.38×100=2174-63Z/P₁+P₂
X, Y and Z show frequency of impossible in each exercise.
The above index itself can be compared with index in another person, but for the individual SAT/KT and ST/KT show that balance of moving and in case need SAT+ KT and SAT+KT+ST can be compared as the whole body endurance.
After this, we are expected to investigate whether the health degree in each individual can be observated or not, by these methods.

A simple method of evaluation and measurement of endurance of the whole body for exercise prescription for sportsmen was previously reported. In the present study, a method of loading for general population was deviced and is the subject of the present communication.
The site of loading was divided into relatively localized portions of the lower extremity, upper extremity and trunk.
By substituting the kneeling exercise with step test, individual difference in body height was corrected.

As regards obesity screening tests, it's a widly known fact that there are many problems in the existing notation of various body indices.
Moreover, in regards to the determination of skin-fold thickness, measurments must be taken at two or three places, and this, plus the fact that a certain amount of expertise is necessary, represent a shortcoming.
Using abdominal girth, which can be relatively easily measured, together with the chest girth measurment, the author examined a method for assessing obesity.
Various body indices were computed from height, weight, chest measurement, abdominal girth, etc. and the correlation between their value and skin fold thickness and average skin fold thickness was determined.
As a result of this, abdominal girth measurement and evaluation may be used in obesity screen tests in the following way.
1. Method for measuring abdominal girth.
[1] Have the patient assume normal posture.
[2] Girth is measured (in centimeters) around the area mid way above the navel while the patient resting expiratory state with arms hanging limp and shoulders relaxed.
2. Method for computing obesity index.
obesity index=height (in cm) ×10/abdominal girth (in cm)
The subject of the above research is extreamly limited in respect to age range. Therefore, the authors would like to examine further to see if this method is applicable to all age renges.