Background/Aims: A Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the most common cause of chronic gastritis (CG), with approximately 50% of the world’s population infected. Long-term infection increases the risk of progression to gastric cancer. This study evaluated the histopathological changes in CG using the Updated Sydney System (USS) to estimate the prevalence and correlation of H. pylori gastritis with other histological variables. Methods: This research was a prospective observational study conducted in the Department of Pathology of a tertiary care teaching hospital in Central India. The study was conducted between Feb 2017 to April 2018. Two antral biopsies were taken per patient, one for a Rapid Urease Test and the second for routine histopathology. All samples were analyzed according to the USS. Results: CG was found in 83.84% of total dyspeptic patients. The most common age group was 31–40 years, with a male preponderance. Of 109 gastric antral biopsies with histopathological evidence of chronic gastritis, neutrophilic activity, intestinal metaplasia, atrophy, and lymphoid aggregates were present in 50 (45.87%), 10 (9.2%), 23 (21.10%), and 11(10.09%) cases, respectively.The prevalence of H. pylori was 46.78%, and its association with the degree of chronic inflammation and intestinal metaplasia was statistically significant. Conclusions H. pylori was significantly associated with the degree of chronic inflammation and intestinal metaplasia. Hence, this study suggests a vigorous search for H. pylori should be initiated if chronic inflammation and intestinal metaplasia are seen in antral gastric biopsies.

Background/Aims: A Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the most common cause of chronic gastritis (CG), with approximately 50% of the world’s population infected. Long-term infection increases the risk of progression to gastric cancer. This study evaluated the histopathological changes in CG using the Updated Sydney System (USS) to estimate the prevalence and correlation of H. pylori gastritis with other histological variables. Methods: This research was a prospective observational study conducted in the Department of Pathology of a tertiary care teaching hospital in Central India. The study was conducted between Feb 2017 to April 2018. Two antral biopsies were taken per patient, one for a Rapid Urease Test and the second for routine histopathology. All samples were analyzed according to the USS. Results: CG was found in 83.84% of total dyspeptic patients. The most common age group was 31–40 years, with a male preponderance. Of 109 gastric antral biopsies with histopathological evidence of chronic gastritis, neutrophilic activity, intestinal metaplasia, atrophy, and lymphoid aggregates were present in 50 (45.87%), 10 (9.2%), 23 (21.10%), and 11(10.09%) cases, respectively.The prevalence of H. pylori was 46.78%, and its association with the degree of chronic inflammation and intestinal metaplasia was statistically significant. Conclusions H. pylori was significantly associated with the degree of chronic inflammation and intestinal metaplasia. Hence, this study suggests a vigorous search for H. pylori should be initiated if chronic inflammation and intestinal metaplasia are seen in antral gastric biopsies.

Background/Aims: A Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the most common cause of chronic gastritis (CG), with approximately 50% of the world’s population infected. Long-term infection increases the risk of progression to gastric cancer. This study evaluated the histopathological changes in CG using the Updated Sydney System (USS) to estimate the prevalence and correlation of H. pylori gastritis with other histological variables. Methods: This research was a prospective observational study conducted in the Department of Pathology of a tertiary care teaching hospital in Central India. The study was conducted between Feb 2017 to April 2018. Two antral biopsies were taken per patient, one for a Rapid Urease Test and the second for routine histopathology. All samples were analyzed according to the USS. Results: CG was found in 83.84% of total dyspeptic patients. The most common age group was 31–40 years, with a male preponderance. Of 109 gastric antral biopsies with histopathological evidence of chronic gastritis, neutrophilic activity, intestinal metaplasia, atrophy, and lymphoid aggregates were present in 50 (45.87%), 10 (9.2%), 23 (21.10%), and 11(10.09%) cases, respectively.The prevalence of H. pylori was 46.78%, and its association with the degree of chronic inflammation and intestinal metaplasia was statistically significant. Conclusions H. pylori was significantly associated with the degree of chronic inflammation and intestinal metaplasia. Hence, this study suggests a vigorous search for H. pylori should be initiated if chronic inflammation and intestinal metaplasia are seen in antral gastric biopsies.

Background/Aims: A Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the most common cause of chronic gastritis (CG), with approximately 50% of the world’s population infected. Long-term infection increases the risk of progression to gastric cancer. This study evaluated the histopathological changes in CG using the Updated Sydney System (USS) to estimate the prevalence and correlation of H. pylori gastritis with other histological variables. Methods: This research was a prospective observational study conducted in the Department of Pathology of a tertiary care teaching hospital in Central India. The study was conducted between Feb 2017 to April 2018. Two antral biopsies were taken per patient, one for a Rapid Urease Test and the second for routine histopathology. All samples were analyzed according to the USS. Results: CG was found in 83.84% of total dyspeptic patients. The most common age group was 31–40 years, with a male preponderance. Of 109 gastric antral biopsies with histopathological evidence of chronic gastritis, neutrophilic activity, intestinal metaplasia, atrophy, and lymphoid aggregates were present in 50 (45.87%), 10 (9.2%), 23 (21.10%), and 11(10.09%) cases, respectively.The prevalence of H. pylori was 46.78%, and its association with the degree of chronic inflammation and intestinal metaplasia was statistically significant. Conclusions H. pylori was significantly associated with the degree of chronic inflammation and intestinal metaplasia. Hence, this study suggests a vigorous search for H. pylori should be initiated if chronic inflammation and intestinal metaplasia are seen in antral gastric biopsies.

Background/Aims: A Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is the most common cause of chronic gastritis (CG), with approximately 50% of the world’s population infected. Long-term infection increases the risk of progression to gastric cancer. This study evaluated the histopathological changes in CG using the Updated Sydney System (USS) to estimate the prevalence and correlation of H. pylori gastritis with other histological variables. Methods: This research was a prospective observational study conducted in the Department of Pathology of a tertiary care teaching hospital in Central India. The study was conducted between Feb 2017 to April 2018. Two antral biopsies were taken per patient, one for a Rapid Urease Test and the second for routine histopathology. All samples were analyzed according to the USS. Results: CG was found in 83.84% of total dyspeptic patients. The most common age group was 31–40 years, with a male preponderance. Of 109 gastric antral biopsies with histopathological evidence of chronic gastritis, neutrophilic activity, intestinal metaplasia, atrophy, and lymphoid aggregates were present in 50 (45.87%), 10 (9.2%), 23 (21.10%), and 11(10.09%) cases, respectively.The prevalence of H. pylori was 46.78%, and its association with the degree of chronic inflammation and intestinal metaplasia was statistically significant. Conclusions H. pylori was significantly associated with the degree of chronic inflammation and intestinal metaplasia. Hence, this study suggests a vigorous search for H. pylori should be initiated if chronic inflammation and intestinal metaplasia are seen in antral gastric biopsies.

Purpose: The clinical profile of seizures among children exhibits ethnic and geographical variations. The objective of this study was to examine the clinical, etiological, and demographic profiles of childhood seizures. Methods: This was a hospital-based, cross-sectional study. Data were collected on the socio-demographic profile, details of the clinical presentation of seizure episodes, past history of meningitis, and neuroimaging (i.e., computed tomography [CT] scans), as well as the history of risk factors. Numbers, percentages, the chi-square test, and the Fisher exact test statistic were calculated. A P value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: This study included 102 patients, of whom 82 experienced generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) and the remaining 20 had focal seizures. The most common age at presentation was between 1 and 4 years (55.9%). Approximately 70.0% of the children experienced postictal confusion and drowsiness, 38.2% had fever or sleep deprivation, and 25.5% suffered from headaches or vomiting. Postictal confusion and drowsiness were significantly more prevalent in children with GTCS (76.8%) compared to those with focal seizures (45.0%). Cerebral edema was the most common abnormality detected on CT scans in children with GTCS (n=6). Conclusion Younger age, neonatal brain insult, and family history were found to be associated with a higher risk of seizure episodes. Postictal confusion and drowsiness were identified as the most common clinical features. Postictal confusion and drowsiness were significantly more prevalent in GTCS compared to focal seizures. Cerebral edema was the most common abnormality observed in GTCS on CT neuroimaging.

OBJECTIVES: Aedes mosquitoes are responsible for transmitting the dengue virus. The mosquito lifecycle is known to be influenced by temperature, rainfall, and relative humidity. This retrospective study was planned to investigate whether climatic factors could be used to predict the occurrence of dengue in East Delhi. METHODS: The number of monthly dengue cases reported over 19 years was obtained from the laboratory records of our institution. Monthly data of rainfall, temperature, and humidity collected from a local weather station were correlated with the number of monthly reported dengue cases. One-way analysis of variance was used to analyse whether the climatic parameters differed significantly among seasons. Four models were developed using negative binomial generalized linear model analysis. Monthly rainfall, temperature, humidity, were used as independent variables, and the number of dengue cases reported monthly was used as the dependent variable. The first model considered data from the same month, while the other three models involved incorporating data with a lag phase of 1, 2, and 3 months, respectively. RESULTS: The greatest number of cases was reported during the post-monsoon period each year. Temperature, rainfall, and humidity varied significantly across the pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon periods. The best correlation between these three climatic factors and dengue occurrence was at a time lag of 2 months. CONCLUSIONS: This study found that temperature, rainfall, and relative humidity significantly affected dengue occurrence in East Delhi. This weather-based dengue empirical model can forecast potential outbreaks 2-month in advance, providing an early warning system for intensifying dengue control measures.
Aedes ; Culicidae ; Dengue Virus ; Dengue* ; Disease Outbreaks ; Humidity* ; Incidence* ; Linear Models ; Retrospective Studies* ; Seasons ; Weather