Objective To evaluate the timing of postoperative laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC after ERCP for the treatment of gallstones.Method A retrospective analysis was made on 120 patients with choledocholithiasis and cholecystolithiasis from Feb 2015 to Feb 2018 in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University,including 62 patients receiving LC at 48-72 h after ERCP + EST (observation group),and 58 patients receiving LC at 72h after ERCP + EST (control group).The hospital stay,hospitalization costs,operation time,intraoperative blood loss,convertion to open laparotomy,the postoperative complications were compared between the two groups.Results The difference of age,gender,ERCP operation time,common bile duct stones diameter,postoperative complications were not statistically significant in two groups.Operation time,intraoperative blood loss,hospital stay,incidence of laparotomy and hospitalization costs in group A were significantly less than that in group B (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions ERCP + EST followed by LC for choledocholithiasis with cholecystolithiasis within 48-72 hours were with shorter operation time,lower hospital costs,without an increase of postoperative complications compared with ERCP + EST followed by LC after 72 hours.