1.Knowledge, Attitudes and Self-reported practices Questionnaire on Pureed Diet Preparation (KAP DYS Puree) among Food Handlers in Malaysian Hospitals for Dysphagia Management: Development, Validity, and Reliability Testing
Aizul Azri Azizan ; Hanif Farhan Mohd Rasdi ; Suzana Shahar ; Zahara Abdul Manaf ; Hasnah Haron ; Nurul Huda Razalli
Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences 2023;19(No.3):187-195
Introduction: This methodological research study aimed to measure content validity and reliability of a newly developed questionnaire of knowledge, attitudes, and self-reported practices towards pureed diet preparation (KAP DYS
Puree) among hospital food handlers for dysphagia management. Methods: The study was conducted through face
validation, content validation, content reliability and construct validation. A cross-sectional design with convenience
sampling was carried out involving 4 panels for face validation, 10 raters for content validity and 161 food handlers
participated for Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA), while 30 food handlers were involved for test-retest reliability. The
questionnaire which consisted of 40 items distributed into 3 domains and was assessed and analyzed using modified
kappa (k*) for reliability. Results: Content Validity Index revealed the following I-CVI values: knowledge = 0.915,
attitudes = 0.922 and self-reported practices = 0.900 and modified kappa values (k*) knowledge = 0.983, attitudes
= 0.9214 and self-reported practices = 0.899. The EFA was employed for two dimensions which were self-reported
practices and attitudes based on principal axis of factoring with varimax rotation. The factor analysis yielded two
factors with a total of 10 items in the attitudes domain and two factors with a total of 9 items in the self-reported practices domain that had satisfactory factor loading (> 0.3). The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) values for attitudes = 0.816
and self-reported practices = 0.776. Bartlett’s test of sphericity was significant at p < 0.0001 for attitudes and self-reported practices indicating the suitability of this data for factor analysis. Interclass Correlation Index (ICC) values for
attitudes = 0.739 and self-reported practices = 0.789. Conclusion: This instrument can be used as a need assessment
tool in the development of a comprehensive training module for pureed diet preparations in dysphagia management.