To study the effect of exercise on gene expression of natriuretic peptide receptors (NPRs) in the heart, using immunofluorescent method, in situ hybridization, laser confocal scanning microscopy and the technique of computer image analysis, the distribution of NPRs in the heart and the alterations of gene expression of NPRs on the animal model of different training intensity were investigated. The result showed that NPRs located mainly in the endocardium, the sarcolemma of myocardial fiber, the connective tissue around myocardial fiber and the wall of coronary artery branch. After moderate and heavy exercise training, the gene expression of natriuretic peptide receptor-A (NPR-A) upregulated and natriuretic peptide clearance receptor (NPR-C) downregulated, whereas the gene expression of NPR-A downregulated and NPR-C upregulated after exhaustive exercise.

To Further Strengthen the humanities education in medical universities and colleges,we investigated four medical universities and colleges in Yunnan Province,and came up with relevant countermeasures from the following aspects including curriculum setting,teaching content,teaching methods,construction of teaching staff,social practice,and supervision mechanism.

To investigate the problem and solution strategy of the clinical medical education of foreign students by applying the simulation teaching in Ob/Gyn clinical clerkship of foreign students. It demonstrates that combing the simulation teaching for diagnosis and treatment with the heuristic teaching can help the student overcome language barrier, the lack of basic theoretical knowledge and shortage of clinical teaching resources and it's of great significance in clinical medical education of foreign students.

Objective To develop a rapid and specific method for identification of listerial species and differentiation of Listeria monocytogenes。 Method Primers targeting the iap and hly genes specific for listerial species and L monocytogenes were designed。 The dulplex PCR and triplex PCR were compared for their ability to identify and differentiate the listerial species。 Results Both dulplex PCR and triplex PCR are specific to all listerial reference strains. The dulplex-PCR could not identify some of the L. monocytogenes isolates while the triplex PCR did. Conclusion The triplex PCR method could be used not only for identification of listerial species but also for differentiation of L. monocytogenes from the mixed listerial suspensions.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of two-dimensional and color Doppler ultrasonngraphy on diagnosis and judgement of prednisone withdraw in patients with subacute thyroiditis.Methods Sixty-six patients with clinically proved subacute thyroiditis underwent two-dimensional and color Doppler ultrasonography before treatment of prednisone. The ultmsonographic features and bloodtlow distribution in thyroid of these patients were analyzed retrospectively. Target of prednisone withdraw was judged according to ultrasonographic images (36 eases) and clinical symptom (30 cases). Results The ultmsonographic features of subacute thyroiditis mainly presented as bilateral or unilateral diffussion or focal low echogenicity in the affected thyroid, and color Doppler ultrasonography showed the increased vascularity around the lesions. Intraarterial bloodflow feature was low velocity and low resistance pattern, prednisone withdraw was performed according to ultrasonographic images after the treatment of prednisone, then relapse rate was decreased compared with the group of clinical symptom [8.33% (3/36) vs 26.67% (8/30)] (P <0.05). Conclusion Two-dimensional and color Doppler ultrasonography is highly valuable for diagnosing and treating subacute thyroiditis.

〔Abstract〕 Based on the retrieval sources of the official website of Inforway in Canada , Tongfang Knowledge Network and Internet re-sources, by investigating the conformance test of health informatization and health standards conducted by Inforway in Canada , the paper makes a comprehensive analysis of the conformance test of health information standards in Canada from 4 aspects, namely the certification subject, certification object , certification standard , certification process .It aims to provide references for the conformance test of health information standards in China .

Objective To observe the effects of early exercise on the expression of synaptophysin pro-tein and Nissl bodies in the hippocampus after hypoxic-ischemic brain damage( HIBD) , and to investigate possi-ble mechanisms. Methods A total of 35 neonatal Wistar rats aged 7 days were randomly divided into a train-ing group of 13, a control group of 11 and a sham-operation group of 11. HIBD was induced in the rats of the training and control groups, while those in the sham-operation group had the left common carotid artery separa-ted, but without ligation. Seven days after successful modeling, the training group began swimming training for 10 min every day lasting for 14 days, while the other groups were not trained. Western blotting was used to detect the expression of synaptophysin in the affected hippocampus of the brain based on the ratio of the gray band val-ues for synaptophysin and beta. Nissl staining was applied to observe the number of Nissl bodies and the morphol-ogy of the neurons in the hippocampus. Results The average expression of synaptophysin in the sinistrocere-bral hippocampus of the rats in the control group was significantly lower than that in the sham-operation group, but significantly higher than that of the training group. The control group had significantly fewer Nissl bodies than the sham-operation group, but significantly more than the training group. Conclusion Early training can in-crease the expression of synaptophysin and the number of Nissl body in the hippocampus after hypoxic-ischemic brain damage.

Objective To analyze the hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection status and the molecular characteristics of HEV isolated from pregnant women in Zhejiang Province.Methods Totally 98 236 serum samples collected from pregnant women during the year 2013 to 2015 were tested for HEV IgM by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and samples positive for IgM were detected for nucleic acid of HEV by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR).The whole gene of HEV open reading frame 2 (ORF2) was further amplified and the prevalence was analyzed in nucleic acid-positive samples.Results Three hundred and fifty-two out of 98 236 serum samples were tested positive for HEV IgM,with positive rate of 0.36％.All the samples were simple positive of HEV IgM except for two samples co-infected with hepatitis B virus.HEV specific nucleic acid fragments were detected positive from three serum samples.Further phylogenetic analysis revealed that all the three HEV isolates in this study belonged to HEV genotype 4.Three isolates did not cluster in one branch,although they shared high nucleic acid homology and more than 97 ％ of amino acid homology.Variations were found significantly between sample sequence and other published HEV 4 isolates,including two variable regions found in the ORF2 gene (1-460 nucleotide and 620-870 nucleotide).However,the synonymous and non-synonymous substitutions rates in the two regions were similar,and neutral selection was the main evolutionary pressure.Conclusions HEV infection rate in pregnant women of Zhejiang Province is similar with the published data.The HEV isolates obtained in this study belong to genotype 4 with high variation rate.

Objective To investigate the right ventricular morphology and function of patients with atrial septal defects by single beat real-time three-dimensional echocardiography.Methods Thirty-four healthy volunteers and twenty-seven ASD patients were enrolled consecutively as normal controls and the ASD group respectively.Single cardiac cycle real-time three dimensional echocardiography was performed in all to evaluate parameters concerning modality and systolic function of participants' right ventricle.The relationship of indexed right ventricular end diastolic volume (IEDVRV) and end systolic volume(IESVRV)with mean pulmonary arterial pressure measured through cardiac catheter and systolic pulmonary artery pressure calculated though the three tricuspid regurgitation were observed.Results Indexed right ventricular end diastolic volume (IEDVRv),end systolic volume(IESVRV),right ventricular stroke volume (ISVRV) and right ventrieular ejection fraction (RVEF) were greater in the ASD group than in controls (P ＜ 0.05).IEDVRv and IESVRV had positive relation with pulmonary pressure measured by cardiac catheter and systolic pulmonary artery pressure calculated though the three tricuspid regurgitation.Conclusions Single cardiac cycle real-time three dimensional echocardiography has an obvious advantage than normal test in evaluating the change of the right ventricular function and shapes,furthermore,single cardiac cycle real-time three dimensional echocardiography can indirectly determined the pressure of the pulmonary without wound.

Objective To explore main influencing factors of postgraduate entrance examination of medical students in medical universities and to provide guidance for postgraduate entrance examination and employment.Methods Totally 300 2008 and 2009 grade undergraduates of Kunming Medical University were enrolled and divided into postgraduate entrance examination group (n =181)and non postgraduate entrance examination group (n =97).Self-designed questionnaire was used.Intentions of postgraduate entrance examination of two groups and main factors of not taking postgraduate entrance examination were analyzed.Softwares of Excel 2003 and SPSS 17.0 were applied to do constituent ratio analysis and x2 test of gender and residence.Results Among all enrolled students,71.2％ paid attention to the entrance exam and 65.1％ said that they would take part in the entrance exam.There was no significant differences in taking entrance exam between males and females (x2 =3.213,P=0.073).Age (74.1％),family economic situation (71.1％) and current employment status (68.1％) were the main influencing factor of graduate entrance exam.There were significant differences between factors of age and family economic situation and factors of gender and census register (x2 =4.810,P =0.028 and x2 =9.612,P =0.002).There was no significant difference between factors of age and family economic situation and factor of current employment status (x2 =0.279,P =0.597).Conclusions Age,family economical situation and current employment situation are major influencing factors of postgraduate entrance examination for medical students.Postgraduate entrance examination for medical students needs positive guidance and more care from schools,society and family.Medical students should form correct view for employment and postgraduate entrance examination according to their own condition.