Objective To explore the diagnostic value of barium meal in gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD).Methods The data of patients who performed barium meal from January 2003 to December 2012 were retrospectively analyzed,and the GERD detection rate and its relationship with gender and age were calculated and compared.The degree and position of reflux during barium meal in 454 patients in 2012 and the relationship between age and degree and symptom of reflux were studied.Results The GERD detection rate was 13.48％(2 743/20 353) from January 2003 to December 2012,and increased by years.The GERD detection rate in male and female were 13.73％(1 312/9 554) and 13.25％(1 431/10 799) respectively,and there was no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05).With the increase of age,the GERD detection rate increased aslo.In patients of age ≤30 years,31-60 years and ≥61 years,the GERD detection rate were 6.87％ (197/2 866),11.63％(1 096/9 421) and 17.98％(1 450/8 066) respectively,and there was significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).The mild reflux accounted for 242 cases,the moderate reflux accounted for 110 cases,and the severe reflux accounted for 102 cases in patients with GERD in 2012,and there was also an aggravating reflux degree with the increase of age.In patients ≤30 years,31-60 years and ≥61 years,the reflux degree were 10.26％(4/39),17.92％(38/212) and 29.56％(60/203) respectively (P ＜ 0.05).The position with left anterior oblique was most often,accounting for 95.37％(433/454).Conclusions Barium meal can be directly observed,and evaluate the degree of reflux and position.Barium meal is simple and intuitive,and can be used as one of GERD diagnostic methods.

ObjectiveTo investigate the influence on negative emotion of ICU patient's relatives by comprehensive needs intervention.Methods 100 ICU patient's relatives were randomly divided into intervention group and control group,50 cases per group.Patients in intervention group were given comprehensive needs interventions for two weeks,then were tested by self-rating anxiety scale(SAS),self-rating depression scale(SDS) and symptom checklist 90 (SCL-90),and their negative emotion were compared.ResultsExcept for interpersonal relationship factor (P＞ 0.05 ),the other SCL-90 factorial scores of ICU patient's relative were all significantly higher than the national norm before intervention(P ＜ 0.01 ～0.05 ).Anxiety and depression rates in two groups were 64％ and 53％ respectively,SDS standard scores were 49.62 ± 9.18 and 49.70 ± 9.73,SAS scores were 40.08± 11.93 and 40.04 ± 11.76,and they were all significantly higher than normal norm.After intervention,SAS,SDS standard scores and SCL-90 factors of intervention group were significantly decreased,and were superior than control group,and there were statistical difference (P＜ 0.01 ～ 0.05 ).ConclusionThere are so much psychological diseases with the relatives of ICU patients,especially anxiety and depression.

Objective To set up the standard for the quality control of Chongcaojing Oral Liquid.Methods Radix Astragal-i,Radix Ginseng,Radix Angelicae Si nensis,Radix Rehmanniae were ident ified quantitatively by thin -layer chromatog-raphy(TLC)and astragalosideⅣcontent in Radix Astragali was determined by TLC scanning quantitiatvely.Results The TLC spots were highly specific,clea r and concentrated without the interference of negative controls.Linearity was ob-tained in the range of 1.03～6.15?g(r =0.9994).The average recovery was 99.2%with RSD =1.8%.Conclu-sion This method is sensitive,simple,sp ecific and accurate for the quality c ontrol of Chongcaojing Oral Liquid.

A method for the determination of caffeine in urea was developed based on bubble-in-drop single drop microextraction (BID-SDME) followed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS).Under the optimum conditions including chloroform as extraction solvent, an exposure volume of 1 μL, a bubble volume of 1.6 μL, stirring for 5 min at 300 r/min, 15% (m/V) NaCl, and a distance of 1 cm between bubble and stirring bar, the detection limit of this method was as low as 0.003 mg/L and the linear range was from 0.005 mg/L to 10 mg/L with correlation coefficient of 0.982.The recoveries of caffeine were from 89.2% to 107.5% at different spiked levels in human urine and the relative standard deviation (RSD, n=6) was less than 8%.

Objecflve To evaluate the performance of two rapid and low-cost metheds(MTT test,and rosazurin mierotitre assay)for the detection of resistance to first-line drugs in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Methods sixty-four Myeobaeterium tuberculosis clinical isohtes were tested by the MTT test and the rosazuxin microtitre assay(REMA)respectively,and the results were compared with those obtained with the absolute concentration method on L(o)wenstein Jensen medium.Results The MTT test and the resazurin microtitre assay showed a good agreement compared with the absolute concentration method for all first-line drugs tested.The sensitibity,specificity and accuracy of the MTT test were 94.8%,96.0%,95.3%,for RFP;93.8%,93.8%,93.8% for INH;92.9%,96.O%,95.3% for EMB,90.6%,87.5%,89.1% for SM,respectively.The sensitivity,specificity and accuracy of the resazurin microtitre assay were 92.3%,96.0%,93.8%,for RFP;90.6%,90.6%,90.6% for INH;92.9%,94.0%,93.8% for EMB,87.5%,87.5%,87.5% for SM,respectively.The Kappa value of the MTT test and the absolute concentration method for the detection of resistance to RFP,INH,EMB,SM were 0.857,0.831,0.714,0.792.respeedvely;The Kappa value of the regazurin mierotitre assay and the absolute concentration method for the detection of resistance to RFP,INH,EMB,SM were 0.871,0.826,0.826,0.750,respectively.The Kappa value of the MTT test and the resazurin microtitre assay for the detection of resistance to RFP,INH,EMB,SM wefe 0.889,0.875.0.787,0.844,respectively.Conclusions Both MTT test and the resazurin microtitre assays are simple,rapid,low-cost and sensitive for rapid detection of resistance to first-line drugs.They could be promising methods for susceptibility assay of the first-line antituberculosis drugs in low-resource countries.

BACKGROUND:There are less reports on the evaluation of plantar pressure distribution in knee osteoarthritis patients using modern gait analysis, and moreover, the database of characteristic plantar pressure has not been established in patients with osteoarthritis. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the therapeutic effect of Chinese massage and functional exercise on knee osteoarthritis. METHODS:Forty patients with left knee osteoarthritis who were eligible for the inclusive criteria were randomized into two groups, with 20 in each group. Control group was given conventional treatment, and treatment group was given Chinese massage combined with functional exercise. Japanese Orthopaedic Association score and gait parameters were measured and compared between two groups before and at 3 months after treatment. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:After treatment, the two groups both had evident efficacy in pain relief during walking, and there was no statisticaly difference between the two groups. There was a significant difference in the knee range of motion in the patients in the treatment group when going upstairs and downstairs as wel as during joint flexion before and after treatment, but no changes occurred in the control group. After treatment, the range of motion during joint flexion was better in the treatment group than the control group, but there was no difference in the sweling reduction between the two groups. In addition, the treatment group had a higher Japanese Orthopaedic Association score after treatment than before treatment (P < 0.05), and there was no statistical difference in the control group. Gait analysis showed that there were improvements in the percentage of contact time, parameters during stance phase and peak plantar pressure in the two groups, but there was no significant difference before and after treatment. Foot axis angle in the treatment group was improved significantly, which was significantly better than that in the control group. Al the indexes in the treatment group were improved a lot, but did not reach the normal.

Objective To investigate the prevalence of psychological distress and analyze the relevant factors among patients with bladder tumor so as to provide evidence for future clinical practice. Methods Totally 128 patients were recruited from a urological surgery ward of a comprehensive hospital in Beijing in the study by using self-design questionnaire and the psychological distress thermometer (DT) recommended by the U.S. national comprehensive cancer network (NCCN). The acquired data were analyzed by SPSS17.0. Results The average score of the patients was 4.00(1.00~5.00). The identification rate of psychological stress was 55.47%( 71/128 ) , higher than the Chinese normal ( U = 8 . 28 , P < 0 . 05 ) . The relevant factors of psychological stress based on the rank from high to low scores included emotion problems ( 1 . 63 ± 0 . 67 ) , practical problems ( 1 . 42 ± 0 . 64 ) , communication problems (1.29 ± 0.65), physical problems (1.28 ± 0.33) and religion problems (1.00 ± 0.08). Conclusions The prevalence of psychological distress is higher among patients with bladder tumor and the influence factors mainly include emotional problems , practical problems and communication problems. Nurses should pay attention to the psychological distress of patients with bladder tumors and develop targeted interventions so as to relieve their distress.

Objective To observe the mucosal structure and aberrant crypt foci (ACF) of small and large bowel in rats induced by DMH and to explore the growth and development of small intestinal tumors.Methods Thirty-four male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups:DMH-induced group (25 rats) and control group (9 rats).After 30-32 weeks,thess rats were performed with laparotomy,and their small intestine and large intestine were dissected.The mucosa structure and ACF were observed and recorded.The tissues of small intestine and large intestine in control group and the samples of tumor,adjacent normal tissues and ACF tissues in DMH-induced group were subjected to hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and were used to observe histological changes by microscopy.Results The mucosa structure and histological changes of small and large intestine were normal in control group.There were 7 small intestinal tumors and 28 large intestinal tumors in DMH-induced group,respectively.The surface structures of small intestine mucosa and tumor adjacent mucosa were normal.The scattered lymphocytes infiltration was observed in small intestinal mucosa and tissues adjacent to tumor in DMH-induced group,while ACF was observed in large intestinal mucosa and tissues adjacent to tumor in DMH-induced group.Conclusions The occurrence of small intestinal tumors may be induced by some cells directly in the carcinogenesis under the role of the carcinogenic factors in small intestine mucosa with poor tumor differention and high malignancy.The development of small intestinal cancer does not follow the ‘ACF-adenoma-adenocarcinoma' model in large intestine.

Objective To investigate the effect of targeted monitoring on the control of central venous catheter associated infection, study the difference of CVC?RI infection rate and the distribution of pathogenic bacteria in the general hospital and the maternal and child hospital, and analyse the main pathogenic bacteria drug resistance characteristics. Methods From January 2013 to December 2014,685 cases patients with central venous catheterization in the Port Hospital of Hebei Port Group Company Limited,and four cooperative hospitals ( Affiliated Hospital of North China University of Science and Technology, People′s Hospital of Tangshan, Tangshan Port Economic Development District Hospital, Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Laoting County) were selected as the research objects. The difference of infection rate before and after the targeted monitoring in 2014 was compared. The tip of the catheter and the peripheral blood were cultured in the patients with suspected infection,bacterial identification and drug sensitivity test were carried out using Compact VITEK2 automatic bacteria identification/drug sensitivity analyzer. Results The infection rate of CVC?RI of five hospitals was 18. 75%( 60/320 ) in 2013, 11. 51%( 42/365 ) in 2014, the difference of infection rate was statistically significant before and after the implementation of the target monitoring(χ2=7. 059,P<0. 05) . The CVC?RI infection rate was 15. 52%(81/522) in the general hospital,12. 88%(21/163) in the maternal and child hospital,the difference was not statistically significant(P>0. 05). In 102 cases of CVC?RI,105 bacterial strains were detected in 91 cases,gram positive bacteria accounted for 51. 43%( 54/105) ,gram negative bacilli accounted for 40. 95%( 43/105) ,fungi accounted for 7. 62%( 8/105) . There was no significant difference in the proportion of pathogenic bacteria in the general hospital and the maternal and child hospital(P>0. 05). Grampositive cocci were mainly staphylococcus aureus and coagulase negative staphylococci,they were completelysensitive to linezolid, quinupristin/ dalfopristin, tigecycline, and vancomycin. They were high sensitivity torifampicin,while highly resistant to gentamicin, tetracycline, penicillin; Gram negative bacilli were mainlypseudomonas aeruginosa and escherichia coli,they were high sensitivity to meropenem,imipenem,while resistantto multiple antimicrobia1s. Conclusion Adhere to the implementation of targeted monitoring help to reduce theoccurrence of CVC?RI. The isolation of pathogenic bacteria from multiple drug resistance should be paid moreattention.

OBJECTIVE:To compare the in vitro antibacterial activity of azlocillin given alone with azlocillin plus tazobactam against168strains of clinically isolated pathogenic bacteria.METHODS:The antibacterial activities of two antibac_ terials against168strains of clinically isolated pathogenic bacteria in vitro were detected by two-fold dilution method.RE-SULTS:The MIC 50 and the MIC 90 of the combined therapy of azlocillin/tazobactam(4∶1)were1/32and1/64,respectively that of azlocillin given alone.CONCLUSION:The concomitant therapy of azlocillin with tazobactam improves the antibacterial activity.