OBJECTIVE:To promote the development and make full use of the pharmacoeconomics(PE)in China.METHODS:The problems to be able to solved using PE,i.e the necessity of developing PE in China was discussed,and the bottleneck which will restrain or hinder the optimal utilization of PE was pointed out.RESULTS:We should strengthen the cultivation of talents engaged in PE,formulating guidelines of pharmacoeconomic evaluation and gradually apply PE into National Essential Medicine Policy.CONCLUSION:The decision-makers of health policy should have a sufficient understanding of PE so as to facilitate the utilization and sustainable development of PE in health policy-related decision-making.

Objective To observe the effect of speech therapy on children with Down syndrome. Methods 30 children with Down syndrome were reviewed. Results Their speech and intelligence quotient improved after training, especially in the children younger than 6 years old. Conclusion Speech therapy can improve the speech and intelligence in children with Down syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the current status and existing problems of pharmacoeconomic evaluation studies in China, and to put forward suggestions for its future development. METHODS: The pertinent literature was analyzed from aspects of author affiliation, research method, research perspective, research object, research duration, clinical trial, cost, outcome, cost-output analysis, sensitivity analysis, ADR(adverse drug reaction) measurement, and research conclusion. RESULTS: There were still many problems in Chinese pharmacoeconomic evaluation studies. CONCLUSION: Chinese pharmacoeconomic evaluation studies are still in an infant stage, which remain to be further improved.

Objective To explore induced eruption techniques of the impacted maxillary canine with labial medial inclination. Methods A total of 38 cases with upper impacted canines with labial medial inclination were selected. The impacted canine was connected to the buccal hook of the upper first molar band, moved distantly and uprightly and then drawn to the dental arch after the pressure to the adjacent teeth was removed. Results After average 18 months treatment, 38 patients had good functions. The deeper impacted canines in 5 patients were extracted, and then the dental arch spaces closed. The lateral incisors of root resorption in 4 patients were extracted. The premolars in 19 patients were removed, and 10 patients without extractions. Then the impacted canines were moved into dental arch. There was no aggravated root resorption during the treatment process. Conclusion When the maxillary canine with labial medial inclination is impacted, it is moved distantly and uprightly by elastic line connected to the buccal hook of the maxillary first molar band, and then drawn to the dental arch. The process is smoothly and the neighbor teeth are protected.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the expression of NF-κB and Pglycoprotein(P-gp) in cervical cancer tissue before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NACT). Methods The mRNA and the protein expression levels of NF-κB and P-gp were determined by Real time-PCR and immunohistochemical assay respectively in cancer specimens from 40 cevical cancer patients, which were collected before and after NACT. Results The mRNA expression levels of NF-κB were 50. 340 ± 0. 780 and 67. 595 ± 0. 914 before and after NACT respectively, which showed significant difference statistically ( t = -73. 384 ,P ＜ 0. 01 ). We also found significant difference in the comparison between MDR1 mRNA expression before and after NACT(45. 800 ±0. 636 vs 62. 381 ±0. 743 ,t = -66. 582,P ＜0. 01 ). The positive rate of NF-κB protein expression before and after NACT were 50% ( 20/40 ), 80% ( 32/40 ) respectively, which showed significant difference statistically( χ2 = 7. 912, P = 0. 005 ). The positive rate of P-gp protein expression after NACT was significantly higher than that before NACT [ 40% ( 16/40 ) vs 70% ( 28/40 ), χ2 = 7. 273, P = 0. 007 ]The mRNA and protein expressions of NF-κB were positively correlated with those of P-gp before and after NACT( r = 0. 408,r = 0. 327 respectively, Ps ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusion NF-κB and P-gp may play an important role in multi-drug resistance of cervical carcinoma. Chemotherapy drugs in our NACT strategy may induce the activation of NF-κB and multi-drug resistance. Activation of NF-κB may correlate with multi-drug resistance mediated by P-gp.

Objective To effectively combine the results of resting state regional homogeneity(ReHo) fMRI studies in depression.Methods Literatures between 2003-2016 on fMRI of depression in PubMed,Web of Knowledge,EBSCO host medline,CNKI,CQVIP and Wanfang Med Online were taken as research objects.Screening the relevant data according to the included and excluded standard,then,software of AES-SDM was employed to do Meta analysis,in addition,the age,gender,duration of disease,the year of education and treatment were also analyzed.Results 23 articles met the standard,including 1 036 cases,of which 507 for the depression group,529 for the control group.Meta analysis showed the significant ReHo abnormalities of Default Mode Network(DMN) which centers on left precuneus,left superior frontal gyrus and right cingulate gyrus,in addition,left lenticular nucleus,left postcentral gyrus,left cerebellum and left fusiform gyrus had significant ReHo differences.In the regression analysis,gender,age,duration of disease,years of education,disease severity were all affected factors.The difference of cingulate gyrus was the most stable,and the duration of the disease significantly affected cingulate gyrus (SDM =2.777).Conclusion The abnormalities of DMN which centers on left precuneus,left,medial superior frontal gyrus and right cingulate gyrus are the most consistent in depression,the DMN is closely related to depression.

Objective To learn quality of life of acute upper respiratory tract infection patients and their influence factors.Methods We conducted questionnaire investigation on acute upper respiratory tract infection patients from five hospitals,respectively located in Wuhan,Hefei and Jinhua.The scale we used is EQ-5D.We calculated EQ-5D score through three different integration systems,which are from China,Korea and the UK,in order to compare difference among different countries' integration systems.Then econometric model was used to carry out regression analysis on factors affected EQ-5D score.Results 659 samples was included,with 319 from Wuhan,235 from Hefei and 105 from Jinhua.Among EQ-5D five dimensions,the first three dimensions do not have problems.However,81.94％ of the patients have problems in pain/discomfort and 47.8％ of them have problems in anxiety/depression.In regression analysis,location,severity level of disease and whether accompanied by chronic diseases or not have influence on EQ-5D score.Compared with utilities of patients who are suffered from other diseases,utilities of acute upper respiratory tract infection patients are lower than that of cerebral apoplexy,hypertension,coronary heart diseaseand diabetes patients;but are higher than that of Chronic lymphatic filariasis,chronic obstructive pneumonia and rheumatoid arthritis patients.Conclusion Chinese acute upper respiratory tract infection patients mainly have problems in the dimension of pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression.Compared to British integration system,Korean's is more applicable to Chinese population.Acute upper respiratory tract infection patients' utilities are lower than that of healthy population and chronic invalids with no obvious symptoms,and higher than that of chronic invalids with obvious symptoms.

OBJECTIVE:To improve the proposal put forward by a hospital on the pharmacoeconomic evaluation of community-acquired pneumonia.METHODS:The domestic pharmacoeconomic evaluation papers on the community-acquired pneumonia were evaluated.The problems lie in the proposal put forward by a hospital on the pharmacoeconomic evaluation of community-acquired pneumonia were analyzed and the measures for its improvement were put forward.RESULTS:The proposal had problems in research angle,determination of sample size,cost calculation,determination of quality of life etc.CONCLUSION:Measures for the improvement of the proposal should be put forward from the aspects of model construction,sample size determination,the design of quality of life table and sensitivity analysis.

Objective: To study the corrosion resistance of orthodontic magnet with titanium nitride coating in artificial saliva. Methods: 6 samples of magnet in the size 3 mm?5 mm?7 mm were prepared.3 of them were coated with titanium nitride by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition,another 3 without coating were used as controls.The samples were immersed into artificial saliva at 37 ℃ for one month. Then the surface characters of two kinds of magnets were observed with the naked eye and by electron-probe microanalysis (EPMA). Results: The surface of the magnets with titanium nitride coating was fine and close in texture and there were no cleft and disintegrated area. However, that of the magnets without titanium nitride coating was uneven and coarse in texture,and there were evident clefts and disintegrated areas. Conclusion: The corrosion resistance of orthodontic magnets with titanium nitride coating is stronger than that without coating.

Objective: To study the corrosion resistance of the ortho do ntic magnets with titanium nitride (TiN) coating. Methods: The m agnets coated TiN film were immersed into artificial saliva at 37 ℃ for two mon ths. During the immersion, the concentration of iron ion in the artificial saliv a was analyzed with atomic absorption spectrophotometry(AAS). After immersion, t he weight change of the magnets was measured.The magnets coated with nickel film and without coating were used as the controls.Results: In all t he groups, iron ion concentration in the artificial saliva increased with the in crease of immersion time(P