Objective To investigate the effect of Xuelian injection on mice models with Parkinson' s disease (PD).Methods C57BL/6 mice were given paraquat (PQ) by peritoneal injection (10 mg/kg) to induce PD models.Then,they were randomly divided into six groups:PD group,negative control group,positive controlgroup,low-dose (0.26mL/kg·d),middle-dose (0.52 mL/kg· d) and high-dose (1.04 mL/kg· d) Xuelian injection groups.Pole test and open field activity test were used for assessment of behavior 7 weeks after the injection; the dopamine (DA) content in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) was observed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).The expressions of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH),integrin o (mac-l) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in the SNc were measured by immunohistochemical staining under optical microscope.Results Seven weeks after the injection,the movement coordination disorder was significant in the PD group,and that had partial remission in the high-dose Xuelian injection group.HPLC showed that the DA content in the PD group was significantly lower than that in the negative control group (P＜0.05); that in the high-dose Xuelian injection group ([10.90±1.04] μg/g) was significantly higher than that in the PD group (P＜0.05).Immunohistochemical staining indicated that PD group had significantly decreased number of TH positive cells and statistically increased numbers of mac-1 and TNF-α positive cells as compared with the negative control group (P＜0.05); high-dose Xuelian injection group had significantly increased number of TH positive cells (65.18±6.00) and statistically decreased numbers of mac-1 and TNF-α positive cells (93.18±5.33 and 92.73±23.21) as compared with the PD group (P＜0.05).Conclusions High-dose Xuelian injection can obviously improve the movement coordination disorder and survival of DA neurons in the SNc,whose protective effect might be related to the inhabitation of microglia mediated inflammation injury and oxidative stress.