Air Pollution ; prevention & control ; Epidemiologic Research Design

BACKGROUND: Household air pollution from biomass fuels burning in traditional cookstoves currently appeared as one of the most serious threats to public health with a recent burden estimate of 2.6 million premature deaths every year worldwide, ranking highest among environmental risk factors and one of the major risk factors of any type globally. Improved cookstove interventions have been widely practiced as potential solutions. However, studies on the effect of improved cookstove interventions are limited and heterogeneous which suggested the need for further research. METHODS: A cluster randomized controlled trial study was conducted to assess the effect of biomass-fuelled improved cookstove intervention on the concentration of household air pollution compared with the continuation of an open burning traditional cookstove. A total of 36 clusters were randomly allocated to both arms at a 1:1 ratio, and improved cookstove intervention was delivered to all households allocated into the treatment arm. All households in the included clusters were biomass fuel users and relatively homogenous in terms of basic socio-demographic and cooking-related characteristics. Household air pollution was determined by measuring the concentration of indoor fine particulate, and the effect of the intervention was estimated using the Generalized Estimating Equation. RESULTS: A total of 2031 household was enrolled in the study across 36 randomly selected clusters in both arms, among which data were obtained from a total of 1977 households for at least one follow-up visit which establishes the intention-to-treat population dataset for analysis. The improved cookstove intervention significantly reduces the concentration of household air pollution by about 343 μg/m CONCLUSIONS: The biomass-fuelled improved cookstove intervention significantly reduces the concentration of household air pollution compared to the traditional method. This suggests that the implementation of these cookstove technologies may be necessary to achieve household air pollution exposure reductions. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial project was retrospectively registered on August 2, 2018, at the clinical trials.gov registry database ( https://clinicaltrials.gov/ ) with the NCT03612362 registration identifier number.
Air Pollutants/analysis* ; Air Pollution, Indoor/prevention & control* ; Biomass ; Cluster Analysis ; Cooking/methods* ; Ethiopia

The formulation and revision of the detection methods of indoor air quality standards is an important, rigorous and delicate endeavor. The standards for indoor air quality (GB/T 18883-2022) were issued by the State Administration of Market Regulation and the Standardization Administration on July 11, 2022, and implemented on February 1, 2023 by replacing indoor air quality standards (GB/T 18883-2002). The revised standard specifies hygienic requirements for physical, chemical, biological and radioactive indicators in indoor air and the corresponding test methods. This article interpreted the revision background, drafting principles, main indicators and methods, as well as the revision basis of the standards. Recommendations for the implementation of the standards are also proposed.
Humans ; Air Pollution, Indoor/prevention & control* ; Environmental Monitoring ; Reference Standards ; China ; Air Pollutants/analysis*

Benzene, as a major indoor pollutant, has received widespread attention. In order to better control indoor benzene pollution and protect people's health, the limit value of benzene in the"Standards for indoor air quality (GB/T 18883-2022)'' was reduced from 0.11 mg/m³ to 0.03 mg/m³. This study reviewed and discussed the relevant technical contents of the determination of benzene limit value, including the exposure status of benzene, health effects, and derivation of the limit value. It also proposed prospects for the future direction of formulating indoor air benzene standards.
Humans ; Air Pollution, Indoor/prevention & control* ; Benzene/analysis* ; Air Pollutants/analysis* ; Environmental Pollutants ; China ; Environmental Monitoring

The formulation and revision of the detection methods of indoor air quality standards is an important, rigorous and delicate endeavor. The standards for indoor air quality (GB/T 18883-2022) were issued by the State Administration of Market Regulation and the Standardization Administration on July 11, 2022, and implemented on February 1, 2023 by replacing indoor air quality standards (GB/T 18883-2002). The revised standard specifies hygienic requirements for physical, chemical, biological and radioactive indicators in indoor air and the corresponding test methods. This article interpreted the revision background, drafting principles, main indicators and methods, as well as the revision basis of the standards. Recommendations for the implementation of the standards are also proposed.
Humans ; Air Pollution, Indoor/prevention & control* ; Environmental Monitoring ; Reference Standards ; China ; Air Pollutants/analysis*

Benzene, as a major indoor pollutant, has received widespread attention. In order to better control indoor benzene pollution and protect people's health, the limit value of benzene in the"Standards for indoor air quality (GB/T 18883-2022)'' was reduced from 0.11 mg/m³ to 0.03 mg/m³. This study reviewed and discussed the relevant technical contents of the determination of benzene limit value, including the exposure status of benzene, health effects, and derivation of the limit value. It also proposed prospects for the future direction of formulating indoor air benzene standards.
Humans ; Air Pollution, Indoor/prevention & control* ; Benzene/analysis* ; Air Pollutants/analysis* ; Environmental Pollutants ; China ; Environmental Monitoring

OBJECTIVETo provide effective environmental management for total amount control of atmospheric pollutants.

METHODSAn atmospheric diffusion model of sulfur dioxide on the surface of the earth was established and tested in Shantou of Guangdong Province on the basis of an overall assessment of regional natural environment, social economic state of development, pollution sources and atmospheric environmental quality. Compared with actual monitoring results in a studied region, simulation values fell within the range of two times of error and were evenly distributed in the two sides of the monitored values. Predicted with the largest emission model method, the largest emission of sulfur dioxide would be 54,279.792 tons per year in 2010.

CONCLUSIONThe mathematical model established and revised on the basis of GIS is more rational and suitable for the regional characteristics of total amount control of air pollutants.

Air Pollutants ; analysis ; Air Pollution ; prevention & control ; China ; Computer Simulation ; Geographic Information Systems ; Models, Theoretical ; Sulfur Dioxide ; analysis ; Wind

No abstract available.
Air Pollutants/*toxicity ; Air Pollution/*prevention & control ; *Dust ; *Environmental Exposure ; Humans ; Industrial Waste ; Republic of Korea ; Risk Reduction Behavior

Global warming caused by the increasing CO2 concentration in atmosphere is a serious problem in the international political, economic, scientific and environmental fields in recent years. Intensive carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) technologies have been developed for a feasible system to remove CO2 from industrial exhaust gases especially for combustion flue gas. In these technologies, the biofixation of CO2 by microalgae has the potential to diminish CO2 and produce the biomass. In this review, the current status focusing on biofixation of CO2 from combustion flue gases by microalgae including the selection of microalgal species and effect of flue gas conditions, the development of high efficient photobioreactor and the application of microalgae and its biomass product were reviewed and summarized. Finally, the perspectives of the technology were also discussed.
Air Pollutants ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Air Pollution ; prevention & control ; Biodegradation, Environmental ; Carbon Dioxide ; isolation & purification ; metabolism ; Microalgae ; metabolism ; Photochemistry

OBJECTIVETo develop and evaluate the efficiency of air purification and sterilization instrument based on nano-sized TiO(2) photocatalytic technique.

METHODSThe nano-sized TiO(2) photocatalytic air purification and sterilization instrument was designed and a sample had been prepared. The sterilization efficiencies for E.coli and Klebsiella by the nano-sized TiO(2) photocatalytic instrument and ultraviolet (UV) were measured in closed labs. The on-site efficiency of the instrument was evaluated, too.

RESULTSThe nano-sized TiO(2) photocatalytic air purification and sterilization instrument was composed of five units: rough filter, nano-sized TiO(2) photocatalytic unit, activated carbon fiber filter, negative ion generator, and programmed control unit. The E.coli killing rates by the nano-sized TiO(2) photocatalytic instrument were 76.0%, 81.8%, 77.5%, and 80.7% at 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes, respectively. There was no significant difference between the E.coli killing rates of the instrument and UV (P > 0.05), except the 120 minutes timepoint. The Klebsiella killing rates by the instrument were 78.4%, 79.5%, 67.3%, and 58.5% at 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes, respectively. The Klebsiella killing efficiencies of the instrument at 30 and 60 minutes were better than that of UV (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference between the Klebsiella killing efficiencies of the instrument and UV (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe air sterilization efficiency of the nano-sized TiO(2) photocatalytic instrument should be equivalent or better as compared with the UV. This instrument might be used for the air purification and sterilization of the public locations.

Air Pollution ; prevention & control ; Decontamination ; methods ; Disinfection ; methods ; Nanostructures ; Photochemistry ; Titanium