The developmental speed,scale,structure,and efficiency of postgraduate education in recent 20 years in military medical universities were described and compared with those in the other universities in China.We also discussed the advantages and insufficiency of postgraduate education in military medical universities and investigated primarily the mutual relationship between the speed,structure,and the scale,so as to lay basis for formulating the further developing strategies.

D-glucosamine has biological activity. The progress in study and application of D-glucosamine derivatives in the field of biology and medicine was reviewed in this paper.

Objective To isolate and determine the structures of chemical constituents from the roots and rootstalks of Rheum emodi.Methods The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by silica gel and polyamide column chromatography.Chemical methods and spectroscopic methods,such as 1H-NMR,13C-NMR,and MS spectra were used for the structure identification.Results Eighteen compounds were obtained.Sixteen of them were identified as:chrysophanol(1),physcion(2),?-sitosterol(3),emodin(4),aloe-emodin(5),rheumin(6),daucosterol(7),d-catechin(8),piceatannol(9),piceatannol-4'-O-?-D-glucopyranoside(10),piceatannol-4'-O-?-D-(6″-O-p-coumaroyl)-glucopyranoside(11),chrysophanol-8-O-?-D-glucopyranoside(12),physcion-1 and 8-O-?-D-glucopyranoside(13a and 13b),emodin-8-O-?-D-glucopyranoside(14),and sucrose(15).Meanwhile,one compound structure simi-lar to rhein was detected.Conclusion Compound 11 is a new compound named rheoside,compounds 13a and 13b are obtained from R.emodi for the first time.

Difficult cases are frequently found at the department of internal medicine of large hospitals.Better quality of ward-rounds by these department heads is key to medical safety,to better operations,and to reducing medical disputes incurred by malpractice.Focusing on standardizing wardround behavior and medical records,the People's Liberation Army General Hospital established and applied the Quality Standards of Ward-rounds on difficulty cases,which scored expected outcomes of better quality of care and better patient satisfaction.

Objective To evaluate the effects of aerobic exercised on patients with depression.Methods Patients with depression according to the Chinese classification of mental disorders criteria were recruited during January 2011 to December 2012.Patients were divided into exercise group and control group randomly.The Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) was used to evaluate the depressive symptom of patients.Patients in exercise group were divided into low intensity aerobic exercise,3 sessions per week and 5 sessions per week,and high intensity aerobic exercise 3 sessions per week and 5 sessions per week.Stretching exercises worked as a control.The four exercise groups were compared with stretching exercise group with efficiency.The control group was treated with pharmacotherapy and psychotherapy.The HAMD scores of aerobic exercise group with different intensity and frequency were compared with the scores of control group after the 1,2,4and 6 weeks of treatment.Results High-dose exercise was more effective in treating depression compared with stretching(P ＜ 0.05),but low-dose exercise did not produce the desired benefits.The scores of patients with high intensity aerobic exercise 3 sessions per week were significantly different from scores of control group after 6 weeks treatment,and the scores of HAMD were (10.72 ± 2.45) and (15.22 ± 4.13).The scores of patients with high intensity aerobic exercise 5 sessions per week were significantly different from scores of control group after 4 weeks treatment,and the scores of HAMD were (14.15 ± 3.25)and(18.31 ± 3.32).Conclusion High intensity and high frequency aerobic exercise could significantly reduce depressive symptoms.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the efficacy of the reduced glutathione against hepatic lesion induced by antituberculotic agents.METHODS:A total of 226 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis undergoing short- course chemotherapy were randomly assigned to receive antituberculotic agents plus reduced glutathione throughout the course(treatment group,n = 114 cases) or to receive Inosine plus Glucurolactone(control group,n = 112).The patients were followed for 3～6 months with the incidence of hepatic lesion compared between the two groups.RESULTS:There were significant differences between the treatment group and the control group in the incidence of hepatic lesion,6 cases(5.3%) in treatment group vs.29 cases (25.9%) in the control group(P

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of acupuncture at Jiaji (EX-B 2) points plus pelvic floor muscle exercises in treating postpartum stress urinary incontinence.Method A total of 216 patients with stress urinary incontinence were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group, 108 cases each. The treatment group was intervened by acupuncture at Jiaji (EX-B 2) points plus pelvic floor muscle exercises, while the control group was intervened by pelvic flor muscle exercises alone. For the two groups, the treatment was given once a day, 12 sessions as a course. The total effective rates were compared after 2 treatment courses.Result The total effective rate was 90.7% in the treatment group versus 83.3% in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion Acupuncture at Jiaji (EX-B 2) points plus pelvic floor muscle exercises is an effective method in treating postpartum stress urinary incontinence, and can promote the postpartum recovery of the pelvic floor.

Objective To investigate some water soluble vitamin nutrition status of old people in Shangqiu and explore the improving ways. Methods A dietary survey was carried out and urinary VB1, VB2 and VC were test-ed. Results The intakes of VB1 ,VB2 and VC were much lower than the recommended amounts. Conclusion The intakes of VB1 ,VB2 and VC were seriously deficient in old people and preventive measures should be taken such as intaking fresh vegitable, fruits and coarse food grain.

The hypercholesterolemia model was established by feeding mice on hypercholester-ol diet. FGS was administered to the hypercholesterolemia mice at the dose of 250,750 and 1500mg ? kg-1 ?d-1, respectively. On the 10,20,30 and 40th day, the serum cholesterol was determined. The results were as follows: 40th day the concentration of TC(Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ) was 37. 6,54. 2 and 66. 2mg ?dL-1 lower than that of the control group; and the cocentration of LDL-C was 47. 6,86. 6 and 94. 4mg ?dL-1 lower than that of the control group; while the concentration of HDL-C was 16. 1,38. 2 and 36. 7mg?dL-1 higher than that of the control group. It was proved that FGS was an effective serum cholesterol regulator.

Objective To explore the clinical features and treatment strategy of severe anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis in children. Methods The clinical data and follow-up information of 4 children with severe anti-NMDAR encephalitis were retrospectively analyzed. Results Four patients (one male and 3 females) were 10 to 13 years old and one child had teratoma combined. In all patients symptoms at onset mainly were psychiatric syndrome and movement disorder, and then progressed to seizures, disturbance of consciousness and central hypoventilation respiratory failure in one month. The anti-NMDAR antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid were positive in all patients. The EEG showed focal or diffuse slow waves. The brain MRI showed no pathological changes at the diagnosis. The treatment included methylprednisolone and large doses of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), ventilator for 5-95 days, and tracheotomy in 2 cases. One case died because of serious infection. In 21-27 months of the follow-up, one case had clinical recovery; 2 cases had the sustained use of immunosuppressive agents and anti-epileptic drugs and the clinical symptoms were significantly improved. The EEG and anti-NMDAR antibodies continued abnormal in the patient combined with teratoma. One patient relapsed. Conclusions The severe anti-NMDAR is more likely in older female children. The central hypoventilation respiratory failure occurs in the early course of the disease. Combination with tumor is high risk factor. Conventional hormone therapy and ventilator treatment is effective. The recovery is slow. It may be relapsed even one year later.