The subjective reasons for which the medical graduates have increasing difficulty finding a job are as follows:old-fashioned notions of employment,absence of trustworthiness and poor employment capability. To walk out of the difficulty of finding a job,the medical graduates must adjust psychology and have reasonable orientation,be honest and enhance their qualities,seize the opportu-nity and make appropriate choice.

Objective To study the relationship of TNF-? G308A and G238A polymorphism with type 2 diabetes mellitus in elderly patients.Methods Blood specimens were collected from 60 elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 30 normal elderly volunteers.Genomic DNA was extracted.The primers of PCR for the SNPs of G308A and G238A were optimized and the polymorphism of amplicons was analyzed by DNA sequencing.Results There was a significant difference of TNF-?-308 gene in DM patients compared with control group,while no difference of TNF-?-238.Conclusions The 308 G-A polymorphism of TNF-? promoter gene may be associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus in elderly patients.

The addition of HER2-targeted therapy has markedly improved the survival and prognosis of patients with advanced gastric cancer. Inhibiting the HER2 signaling pathway has become the backbone treatment for advanced HER2-positive gastric cancer in the first-line setting. TOGA trial established trastuzumab in combination with cisplatin and 5-flurouracil as the standard first-line treat-ment. In the post-TOGA era, combinations of trastuzumab with other chemotherapy agents were proven to be effective as both the second-line treatment and the conversion treatment. Such combinations are promising in the neoadjuvant treatment for locally ad-vanced gastric cancer. Research focuses on the development of novel anti-HER2 agents in combination with agents targeting against other signal pathways. Real-time monitoring of the gene expression profile is the key to discovering the mechanism of trastuzumab re-sistance. The preliminary results of existing clinical trials have shown potential to overcome resistance to trastuzumab. In this review, we summarized the treatment advancement for HER2 positive gastric cancer and the direction for future development, thereby provid-ing guidance on clinical practice.

In order to investigate the effects of TGF-beta1 on the expression of MMP-2, -9 and TIMP-1 in human retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells, the third-sixth passage cultured RPE cells were treated with TGF-beta1 at different concentrations (0.01, 0.1, 1.0, 10 ng/mL), the expression of MMP-2, -9 and TIMP-1 mRNA was detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR assays. MMP-2, -9 and TIMP-1 mRNA were expressed in the cultured RPE cells. The values of MMP-2/beta-actin in the cells treated with 0.1, 1.0, 10 ng/mL TGF-beta1 were 1.04 +/- 0.04, 1.07 +/- 0.02 and 1.11 +/- 0.03, respectively, significantly higher than in the control group (0.96 +/- 0.03, P < 0.05-0.01). The expression of MMP-2 mRNA could be up-regulated by TGF-beta1, in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of MMP-9 mRNA in the cultured RPE cells was slightly up-regulated by various TGF-beta1 concentrations treatment. The values of TIMP-1/beta-actin in the cells treated with 0.01 and 0.1 ng/ mL TGF-beta1 were 0.85 +/- 0.01 and 0.97 +/- 0.02 respectively, significantly lower than in the control group (1.07 +/- 0.04, P < 0.01), indicating that the expression of TIMP-1 mRNA was down-regulated by TGF-beta1 at low concentrations. But along with the increase of TGF-beta1 concentrations (1.0 and 10 ng/mL), the expression of TIMP-1 mRNA was slightly up-regulated, not significantly different from that in the control group (P > 0.05). It was concluded that TGF-beta1 might play an important role in the up-regulation of the expression of MMP-2 in RPE cells and result in a directional shift in the balance between MMP and TIMP. This may be facilitated for RPE cells to migrate in the pathogenesis of vitreoretinopathy.

Objective To discuss the effect of stress hyperglycemia on prognosis of nondiabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction. Methods 80 nondiabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI) were divided into 2 groups according to the early blood glucose level. Group A:blood glucose ≥ 8mmol/L;group B: < 8mmol/L. Serious cardiac arrhythmia, backward heart failure, cardiac shock and death incidence and so on were observed. Re-sults The incidences of serious cardiac arrhythmia,backward heart failure,cardiac shock and death were significantly higher in patients with stress hyperglycemia than those of patients without stress hyperglycemia(35% vs 13%, 38% vs 17%, 19% vs 2%, 31% vs 11%, P <0.05). Conclusion The incidences of serious cardiac arrhythmia,backward heart failure,cardiac shock and death in patients with stress hyperglycemia were significantly higher than those of pa-tients without stress hyperglycemia,which could be used as the parameters to judge the prognosis of patient.

Objective To study the influence of sole massage on children’s analepsia from general anesthesia.Methods One hundred children in analepsia period were divided into the test group(50 cases)and the control group(50 cases).The routine nursing and monitoring during recovery stage were done in the control group.Based on the routine monitoring and nursing care as in the control group,the test group received sole massage for 10 minutes.The two groups were compared in terms of declining percentage of SpO2, rate of nausea,blood pressure,heart-rate variability,and post-analepsia dysphoria scores.Result The test group was significantly lower than the control one in all the indexes of the declining percentage of SpO2,rate of nausea,blood pressure,heart-rate variability,and post-analepsia dysphoria scores(all P<0.05).Conclusions Sole massage during children’s analepsia from general anesthesia is effective not only in lessening their declining percentage of SpO2,rate of nausea,blood pressure,heart-rate variability, and recovery dysphoria mark,but also easing their dysphoria,anxiety and fear.It may create a good condition for children to live through analepsia period successfully and safely.

Objective To investigate the effect of individualized therapeutic programs with combination of interferon and ribavirin (RBV) in chronic hepatitis C (CHC) and study the influential factors of virological response rates.Methods A total of 139 patients with CHC were enrolled and given the intensive treatment doses of interferon and RBV according to their basic clinical condition.At the treatment of 0,4,12,24 weeks,the end of treatment and 24 weeks after treatment stop,the serum HCV RNA was determined.Timely adjustment to dosage and time periods was made according to the virological response to treatment,and the predictive value of rapid virological response (RVR) and complete early virological response (cEVR) for sustained virological response (SVR) were analyzed.Results At the 4th week of treatment,the level of serum HCV RNA was monitored in 120 patients,and 84.2％ (101/120) of patients obtained RVR; among them,90.7％ (88/97) obtained SVR.The virus load of patients obtained RVR at pretherapy was lower than that of patients didn't obtained RVR [(5.883±1.246) lg copies/ml vs (6.502±0.693)lg copies/ml,P =0.034].The RVR rate of initial treatment patients with PEG-IFNα-2a [87.8％(79/90)]was significantly higher than that of retreatment patients with PEG-IFNα-2a [65.0％ (13/20)](P =0.031).At the 12th week of treatment,the level of serum HCV RNA was monitored in 132 patients,and 92.4％ (122/132) of patients obtained cEVR; among them,90.8％ (108/119) obtained SVR.The SVR rate of patients obtained cEVR was significantly higher than that of patients didn't obtained cEVR (5/9) (P =0.007).There was no significant difference between the cEVR rate of initial treatment patients [94.7％ (90/95)]and retreatment patients [85％ (17/20)]with PEG-IFNα-2a (P =0.158).Conclusions cEVR was predictor of SVR.Individualized therapy can increase the obtaining probability of RVR,cEVR and SVR.Adjusting drug dose timely and extending treatment period of HCV RNA-negative based on virological response to treatment are important in CHC individualized therapy.

Objective To discuss the effect of iohexol on the renal function in the old patients undergoing coronary angiography and/or percutaneous coronary imervention(PCI).Methods The changes of plasm Cr,BUN before and after coronary angiography and/or PCI of the 60 old patients with the indicatmns of coronary angiography were compared and analyzed.Results The plasm Cr,BUN in 60 cases were fluctuated,but were not significantly changed(P＞0.05).Conclusion Iohexol has little effect on the renal function in the old patients undergoing coronary angiography and/or percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).

Objectives To characterize the assay method and the clinical symptoms of the infant infection of the human bocavirus in order to advance the diagnositic and therapeutic technology for human bocavirus. Methods The DNA and specific antibody of human bocavirus from pharyngeal extracts, nasopharyngeal swab and serum were detected using real time PCR and Western blot. The overall diagnosis and analysis of the clinical symptoms, sign and conventional experimental test were performed, and meanwhile the long-term follow-up was done. Results 7 specimens were detected as human bocavirus positive from 240 pharyngeal extracts (7/240), and the positive ratio was 2.92%. The clinical symptoms were mainly high fever and temporary cough. and the experimental index of peripheral blood leucocyte, C-reaction protein, blood sedimentation and hemobiochemistry were usually in normal region. No specific characteristic was observed by the thoracic X-ray. and cardio-pulmonary function was normal through the long-term investigation. Conclusions Human bocavirus was one of pathogens inducing children lower respiratory tract infections. The real time PCR and Western blot were sensitive and specific detection technologies.

Growth year is one of the important factors for the quality of Polygala tenufolia. In this study, primary metabolites and secondary metabolites were compared in 1, 2 and 3 years old P. tenufolia cultivated in Shaanxi Heyang. The samples were subjected to ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UPLC)-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (Q-TOF MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis, and the obtained data were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA) and other statistical analysis methods. In addition, content and correlation of different metabolites were also calculated. The results showed no significance between main component contents in 2 year-old and 3 year-old P. Tenufolia, but 1 year-old was statistically different. The contents of primary metabolites, such as fructose, sucrose, and choline increased as time goes on, while glycine and raffinose decreased. The contents of secondary metabolites, such as onjisaponin Fg, polygalasaponin XXVIII, polygalasaponin XXXII increased, while polygalaxanthone III and parts of oligosaccharide multi-ester including tenuifoliose A, tenuifoliose C, tenuifoliose C2 and tenuifoliose H decreased with the extension of the growth years. Growth years has important impact on the quality of P. tenuifolia and the existing growing years of commodity P. tenuifolia have its scientific evidence. This study supplied a new method for the quality evaluation of Chinese medicinal materials.