Gene vector is defined as a tool which can carry and transfer gene or other nucleic acid material into cells. Its chemical nature can be protein or polypeptide, nucleic acid, lipide, carbohydrate, and other polar molecule or its compound. As an.important part of gene therapy, gene delivery system is also the bottleneck of gene therapy. There are two existent gene vectors defined as viral vectosr and non-viral vectors. Generally, high transfection efficiency can be achieved by the application of viral vectors. But the application of viral vectors has been restricted by its immunogenicity and mutngenic potential as side effects. As a novel gene delivery system, non-viral vectors have the advantages of low toxicity, low immunogenicity, and relative targeting effect. This article provides a review on the latest research progress about various kinds of vectors.

This paper introduced the nursing care of an elderly patient with severe pemphigus complicated with septicemia,such as specialized skin care,treatment with hormones and antibiotics,observation of drug effects,as well as hemoculture,nutrition and psychological care.The patient cooperated well with clinical treatment and was discharged with recovery 37 days later.

Objective To investigate the changes of urine microalbuminuria(UMA) and serum C‐reactive protein(CRP) levels in patients with diabetic retinopathy(DR) and its significance .Methods A total of 152 type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM ) patients were included and 40 healthy individuals as normal controls(NC) .T2DM patients were divided into 3 groups ,65 patients with non‐dia‐betic retinopathy(NDR group) ,53 patients with non‐proliferative diabetic retinopathy(NPDR group) and 34 patients with prolifera‐tive diabetic retinopathy(PDR group) .UMA ,CRP and other clinical parameters were detect .Results The level of UMA and CRP increased progressively from NC ,NDR ,NPDR ,to PDR groups ,and there were significant differences among groups(P<0 .05) .The analysis of spearman rank correlation showed that UMA was positively associated with CRP(r=0 .311 ,P<0 .05) .UMA was also positively associated with the duration of diabetes ,fasting blood glucose(FBG) ,low density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL‐C) ,hemo‐globin A1c(HbA1c) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(P< 0 .05) ,and CRP was also positively associated with the duration of diabetes ,FBG ,HbA1c and HOMA‐IR(P<0 .05) .Conclusion The development of DR is closely associated with kidney injury ,and chronic inflammation ,hyperglycemia and insulin resistance may be involved in the development and patho‐genesis of DR by interacting the renal function of T2DM patients .

Objective To analyze the effect of clinical pathways on single disease management.Methods Clinical controlled trials on tumors of uterine,benign biliary tract diseases and benign thyroid neoplasm were collected and related literatures were screened according to the criteria of inclusion.The literature so collected underwent a Meta analysis.Results A total of 21 literatures were included.Meta analysis indicated that statistical difference existed in the total cost of hospitalization(WMD=1046.06,95％CI:- 1281.15 ～ - 810.96,P＜0.00001) and length of hospital stay (WMD=- 2.18,95％CI:-2.59～- 1.76,P＜0.00001)between non-clinical pathways group and clinical pathways group.Conclusion Implementation of clinical pathways can further reduce hospital costs and shorten hospital days of the single disease management.

Objective To investigate the effect of acute exhausted exercise in high temperature environment on the expression of myocardial HSP70 and plasma ANP level of in rats. Methods Forty eight male Sprague-Dawley rats was randomly and equally assigned to the following six groups:control group(C),exercise group(E),one-hour heat exposure group (H), heat exposure and exercise group (HE), exercise and 24 hours after exercise group(E'),heat exposure and 24 hours after exercise(HE'). Each group consisted of 8 rats. Rats in E,HE,E' and HE' ran on a treadmill until exhaustion, while rats in H and H' were exposed in a high temperature environment (33℃ ,50%RH) for one hour. Rats in C,E,HE and H were killed immediately after exercise or heat exposure. Rats in HE' and E' were killed 24 hours after exercise. Samples from myocardium and serum were collected for determining HSP70,ANP and CK-MB. Results(1) HSP70 levels in groups E and E' are significantly higher than that in group C(P<0.05 and P<0.01,respectively),and the level in group HE' is significantly higher than that in groups H and E'(P<0.01 );The HSP70 level in group H is significantly higher than that in group C. (2) The ANP and CK-MB levels in group E are Significantly higher than that in group C.and in group HE is higher than in group H (P<0.05);The HSP70 levels in group E' and HE' significantly decrease comparing to that in groups E and HE (P<0.01). Conclusions(1)Both heat exposure and exercise can induce the increased expression of myocardial HSP70 in rats and the peak expression is seen 24 hours after exercise. The increased expression of HSP70 may have protective effects on the heat-induced myocardial injury. (2) The increased ANP levels in plasma immediately after exhausted exercise improves the blood circulation in myocardium and hints the potential possibility of myocardial damage. However,the high temperature environment does not strengthen the increase of plasma ANP level that caused by exhaustive exercise.

Objective To investigate the effect of antisense inhibitor of telomerase on growth of tumor cells.Methods:Phosphorothioate antisense oligonucleotides (PS-ASON) with sequence TAGGGTTAGACAA which can recognize the RNA template region of telomerase and PS-random primer with 13-nucleotides were incubated with RCZ cell line derived from renal cell carcinoma (RCC).The number of cells was counted from 1 to 43 days,doubling time was calculated and inhibiting rate was determined by MTT method.Results ASON group reduced the number of cells (P<0.01), lengthened doubling time (P<0.005),and elevated the inhibiting rate (P<0.01) compared with random primer control and empty control.The efficacy depended on the dose of ASON (P<0.05) and it was of sequence-selective specificity.Conclusion The ASON targeted to the RNA template has an inhibition effect on the growth of RCZ cell and may have potential significance in tumor therapy.

Objective To develop cadres' stress scale for the Chinese people' s armed police forces.Methods Based on the stress theory and principles of the psychometrics,combined with characteristics of armed police forces. The cadres' stress scale was developed by ourselves. 802 cadres were evaluated as samples and statistic the data by item analysis ,factor analysis, reliability and valid analysis. Results The scale included four dimensions: task stress, economy stress, interpersonal stress and development stress. The internal consistency reliability was 0.893 ,the split-half reliability coefficient was 0.812. Retest reliability coefficient was 0.813. The criterion related validity to the stress scale and SCL-90 was good and the correlation coefficient with somatization, anxiety,depression, interpersonal sensitivity was 0. 376,0. 383,0. 396,0. 387 individually (P ＜ 0.05 ). Conclusion Cadres stress scale for cadres of Chinese people's armed police forces has good reliability and validity.

Objective To detect the expression of triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) in mice with acute necrotizing pancreatitis (ANP). Methods Male kunming mice (n = 50) were randomly divided to control group, ANP 24, 48, 72, 96 h group. ANP model was induced by intraperitoneally injection with 20% L-arginine at a dose of 4 mg/g each, 1 h apart. Mice in control group received intraperitoneally injections of same amount of normal saline. Serum amylase, creatinine, and ALT were examined and pathological evaluation of pancreatic tissues was performed. The expression of TREM-1 mRNA in peripheral blood leucocyte was determined by RT-PCR. The expression of TREM-1 protein in pancreatic tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results Serum amylase, creatinine, and ALT in ANP 24 h were (9439 ± 1273)U/L, (84.8 ±75.9) μmol/L, ( 158.1 ± 122. 1 ) U/L, which were significantly higher than those in control group [ ( 2412 ± 297 ) U/L, (29.2 ± 19. 1 ) μmol/L, (41.4 ± 7.9 ) U/L) ]. The pathological scores of the pancreas in ANP group increased corresponding to time. The expressions of TREM-1 mRNA in ANP 24, 48,72, 96 h group were 15.55, 30.36, 15.77, 28.32, and the expressions of TREM-1 mRNA in ANP 48 h group was significantly higher than that in other groups ( P <0.01 ). The expressions of TREM-1 protein in the pancreas did not significantly change corresponding to time. Conclusions TREM-1 may be involved in the development of ANP by triggering other inflammatory factors.

Objective To investigate the relationship between infection of helicobaeter pylori(Hp) and iron deficiency anemia(IDA) and to explore effective clinical treatments for patients with Hp associated IDA . Method 1. The Hp infection ratio of 40 chronic gastritis with IDA and 42 patients without IDA were counted up respectively. 2. 36 patients with Hp-positive chronic gastritis were divided into two groups randomly. One group was treated by using Hp eradication therapy in conjunction with oral iron supplement and the other using iron supplement only. The hema-tological parameters before and after treatment are measured and the effectiveness of the treatment was evaluated. Re-sult The Hp infection ratio in chronic gastritis patients with IDA is |figher than that in patients without IDA and the difference is significant. After Hp eradication therapy in conjunction with iron supplement Hb. serum iron and serum ferritin level in Hp associated IDA patients are increased significantly while that for patients treated by using iron sup-plement only have no significant improvement. Conclusion It appears that Hp infection may be related to IDA. When iron supplement treatment has no obvious effect to an IDA patient,lt may suggest a ease of Hp associated IDA. The i-ton supplement treatment has positive effects to IDA patients after Hp eradication.

Objective To explore the influence of salinomycin in the growth, apoptosis and invasion of human bladder cancer 5637 cells,and to clarify its possible mechanism.Methods The human bladder cancer 5637 cells cultured invitro at logarithmic growth phase were divided into control group and different doses of salinomycin(15, 30 and 60μmol·L-1 )groups.The inhibitory rate of the growth of 5637 cells in various groups was measured by MTT assay. Flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptotic rates of 5637 cells in various groups. The invasiveness of 5637 cells was tested by Matrigel Invasion Assay.The expression levels ofβ-catenin protein in 5637 cells in various groups were determined by Western blotting method. Results Compared with control group,the inhibitory rates of growth of human bladder cancer 5637 cells in different doses of salinomycin groups were increased significantly(P<0.05);the apoptotic rates were increased(P<0.05).the number of cells passed the Matrigel was decreased(P<0.05),and the expression level ofβ-catenin protein was decreased (P<0.05).Compared with low dose of salinomycin group,the inhibitory rate of growth of 5637 cells in high dose of salinomycin group was increased(P<0.05);the apoptotic rate was increased(P<0.05),the number of cells passed the Matrigel was decreased (P < 0.05 ), and the expression levels of β-catenin protein was decreased (P<0.05). Conclusion Salinomycin can inhibit the growth of 5637 cells significantly,increase the apoptosis,and decrease the cell invasion;the inhibitory effect may act by inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.