Objective To investigate clinical characteristics of aerobic vaginitis AV) and its mixed infections for diagnosis efficiently. Methods From April 2008 to December 2008, 516 patients with vaginitis treated in Tianjin Medical University General Hospital were enrolled in this study. AV, bacterial vaginosis (BV) , vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC), trichemonal vaginitis (TV) , and cytolytic vaginosis (CV) were diagnosed based on symptoms, sign and vaginal discharge examination. Results Among 516cases, AV cases were found in 14. 7% (76/516), and AV was common vaginal infection. AV mixed infections was diagnosed in 58% (44/76), including mixed with BV (45%, 20/44), mixed with VVC (30% , 13/44) , and mixed with TV (25% , 11/44). Those common symptom of AV were yellow vaginal discharge (63%, 20/32), more vaginal discharge (44%, 14/32). Vaginal pH value was usually more than 4. 5 (84% , 27/32). Vaginal cleanliness mainly was grade Ⅲ - V (88% , 28/32). Six cases with enterococcus faecium and 4 cases with streptococci were frequently isolated. The symptom and sign of mixed AV infection was atypical. Conclusions Aerobic vaginitis is a common lower vaginal infection and easily mixed with other pathogens, especially with BV, VVC or TV. When patients were diagnosed with AV or other vaginal infection, it should be mentioned whether those patients have mixed vaginal infection or AV.

Objective To establish an HPLC method for the determination of metoclopramide (MCP) and its related substances in MCP nasal spray .Methods Chromatographic separation was performed on an Agilent TC-C18 column (250 mm ×4.6 mm,5 μm) using acetonitrile and phosphate buffer solution (0.05 mol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, added with 5 ml of triethylamine and adjusted to pH 4.0 with phosphoric acid)(19∶81) as the mobile phase at 1.0 ml/min.The detection wavelength was 275 nm and the column temperature was set at 30℃.Results and Conclusion Related substances were completely separated from MCP .For MCP,the linearity of determination was over the range of 10-200 μg/ml and the recovery of the method ranged from 100.3%to 101.6%.The relative standard deviation was 0.68%(n=9).The method is accurate, reliable, repeatable, and could be readily utilized as a quality control method for MSP nasal spray .

Objective: To evaluate the potential effect of zinc, copper, and selenium on placental cadmium transport. Methods: Pregnant women were selected from Daye,Hubei Province. Whole blood, cord blood and placenta were collected, and Cd levels were determined by inductively coupled plasma emission mass spectroscopy. Zn, Cu, and Se levels in whole blood were also determined. The potential association between essential elements and placental Cd transport was evaluated. Results: Whole blood Cd (0.8–25.2?g/L) in 47 pregnant women aged 20 to 34 years was significantly higher than that in cord blood(0.020–1.48?g/L). Placental Cd ranged from 0.082 to 3.97 ?g/g dry weight. Multiple linear regression indicated that lower maternal blood Cu was significantly associated with higher cord blood Cd. Placental Cd in pregnant women with lower maternal Zn was significantly higher than that in those with normal Zn level. Placental Cd in pregnant women with lower maternal Se was significantly lower than that in those with normal Se level. Conclusion: Essential elements, such as Cu, Se, and Zn might affect placental Cd transport.

Objective:To investigate the associations between the hormone receptors,Ki67 expression and response to neoadjuvant anthracycline-based chemotherapy in breast cancer patients.Methods:One hundred sixty-eight primary breast cancer patients received anthracycline-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy.The expression of estrogen receptor(ER),progesterone receptor(PR),and Ki67 were determined by immunohistochemistry assay in core-needle biopsy specimens prior to the chemotherapy,and pathologic response was assessed by Miller & Payne grade(G1 to G5).Results:40%(67/168)of the patients had a good pathologic response,defined as complete pathologic response(pCR or G5)and minimal residual disease(G4).Among the patients,20%(33/168)had a complete pathologic response(G5).ER or PR status was significantly associated with pathological response.Patients with PR-negative tumors had a higher pathological response rate or pCR than those with PR-positive tumors(17/67 vs 45/90,P=0.002;6/67 vs 25/90,P=0.003,respectively),whereas patients with ER-negative tumors had a higher pathological response rate than those with ER-positive tumors.Moreover,Patients with both ER-and PR-negative tumors exhibited a remarkable pathological response as compared with those with any single factor(36/17 vs 26/86,P=0.009).No association between Ki67 expression and pathological was found in this cohort of patients.There was a linear correlation between the expression of Ki-67,ER or PR status and pathologic response.Conclusion:There is a significant association between the hormone receptors and pathological response to neoadjvant anthracycline-based chemotherapy in breast cancer patients,and patients with PR-negative tumors are more likely to respond to chemotherapy.

Two sample pretreatment methods of pesticide residues in Panax notoginseng of Chinese traditional medicine were developed. For Method I, the residues were extracted from homogenized tissue with n-hexane-dichloromethane (6:4) by means of ultrasonication, the crude extract was purified by an Envi-carb/NH2 solid-phase extraction (SPE) column. For Method II, matrix solid-phase dispersion (MSPD) technique was used for extracting and cleaning up. The eluates were concentrated by rotary evaporation, and then were redissolved in dichloromethane prior to GC-MS determination. The determination was performed in selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode with the external calibration for quantitative analysis. Under the optimal conditions, the results indicated that the methods are easier and faster, the recoveries of method I for the spiked standards at concentration of 0.01, 0.5, and 2.0 mg x kg(-1) were 81.90%-102.10% with the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of 3.60%-7.10%. The recoveries of method II were 96.26%-104.20% with the RSDs of 3.52%-7.94%. The detection limits (S/N) for residues of pesticides were in the range of 0.48-1.34 ng x g(-1). The results indicated that these multiresidue analysis methods can meet the requirements for determination of residue pesticides and can be appropriate for trace analysis of residue pesticides in Panax notoginseng.

Pu-erh tea has been used for thousands of years to treat metabolic diseases.Recognized in Shen Nong's Herbal Classic,a compendium kept by the first traditional Chinese practitioners,it is still highly valued for its hypocholesterolemic and hypolipidemic effects.This review reports the processing and bioactive components of pu-erh tea.Recent human and animal studies of pu-erh tea and its potential therapeutic mechanisms have also been summarized.The interaction of liver and gut microbiome regulates the pu-erh tea biotransformation and endogenous metabolism,and thus contributes to the health benefits.

Objective? To explore the effects of stress management in relieving adverse reactions after chemotherapy in gynecologic tumor patients. Methods? A total of 110 gynecologic oncology patients who were hospitalized in Ningbo Women and Children Hospital from January 2017 to December 2017 were selected by convenience sampling. The patients were divided into control group(n=55) and experimental group(n=55) according to simple random grouping method. The control group was given routine nursing. On this basis, the experimental group received stress management nursing. The incidence of adverse reactions after chemotherapy was compared between the two groups; the Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), the Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) and the Quality of Life Questionnaire(QLQ-C30) were used to evaluate the psychological status of the two groups. Results? After the implementation of stress management, the incidence of adverse reactions after chemotherapy in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P＜0.05). After the intervention in the experimental group, the SAS and SDS scores were lower than the control group with statistical significance (P＜ 0.05). The scores of functional scale and the quality of life in the experimental group were higher than the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05). The experimental group had lower score in "symptoms scale" and each test items than that of the control group with statistical significances(P＜ 0.05). Conclusions? Stress management can reduce the incidence of adverse reactions in patients with gynecologic cancer chemotherapy, and adjust the psychological status of patients, thus improving the quality of life of patients.

Objective To explore the role of night waking in the cognitive development of infants and young toddlers. Method A total of 116 infants aged 2 to 30 months were randomly selected in Yiwu, Zhejiang from December 2011 to February 2013. Social-demographic factors were investigated through questionnaire;sleep information were collected via the Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire (BISQ);Cognitive development was assessed in all infants using Baley development scale. Results The mean age was 12.99 month-old. 50.86%(59/116) were males. Ocassional night waking was reported in 5.26%, one night waking in 29.82%, multiple night waking accounted in 64.91%of children under one year old. Ocassional night waking was reported in 32.20%, one night waking in 45.76%, multiple night waking in 22.03%of children over one year old. The frequency of night waking was signiifcantly different between children under one year old and children over one year old (P<0.01). The average duration of waking was 0.49±0.31 h in children under one year old, and 0.31±0.48 h in children older than one year old, and the difference was signiifcantly different (Z=4.35, P<0.001). In children over one year old, the more frequent night waking, the lowered MDI scores (F=3.98, P=0.024). The waking duration was negatively correlated with MDI scores in children over one year old (r=-0.26, P=0.035). Neither night waking duration nor night waking frequency had signiifcant correlation with MDI scores in children under one year old. Multivariable linear regression conifrmed that night waking was an independent inlfuential factor of MDI and PDI scores in children over one year old. Conclusions Persistent night waking should warrant attention.

Objective To investigate the distribution of host animals and the serological distribution and virulence gene of Yersinia eterocolitica in Gaomi City.Methods Sample stools of poultry and domestic and diarrhea patients,as well as flies and chilled (frozen) poultry and domestic animal meats in Gaomi City were preliminarily identified and the suspected strains isolated were sent to Shandong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention for further identification from 2012 to 2015.The bacteria were analyzed by the systematic biochemistry to determine the serotypes,bio-types and virulence genes [Yersinia enterocolitica adhesion aggression site gene (ail),heat-tolerance enterotoxin gene (ystA),organism type 1A enterotoxin gene (ystB),adhesin (yadA),yop regulator transcription activation action factor (virF)].Results Eighty-five stains of Yersinia enterocolitica were detected in 2 860 specimens and the detection rate was 3.0％ (85/2 860).The chicken strains accounted for 50.6％ (43/85),the swine strains accounted for 20.0％ (17/85),and the sheep strains accounted for 10.6％ (9/85).In all the serotypes,the highest was O ∶ 8 (24.7％,21/85),followed by O ∶ 5 (12.9％,11/85),the bacteria were detected in the stools of chickens,duck,and swine etc.,as well as in diarrhea patients and chilled (frozen) poultry and domestic animal meats,biotype is 1A.One strain O ∶ 3/4 was detected from swine stool with ail,ystA,yadA and virF genes.Conclusions The Yersinia enterocolitica is widely distributed and both pathogenic and non-pathogenic strains coexist in Gaomi City;the main serological types are O ∶ 5/1A and O ∶ 8/1A;the pathogenic serotype is O ∶ 3/4,and chicken,swine and sheep are the main host animals.

The mucosal immune system is the first line of defense against pathogens such as bacteria and viruses invading the bodies. The female reproductive tract mucosal immune system not only resists the invasion of pathogens through innate and adaptive immunity, but also contribute to successfully fertilization and pregnancy, thus maintaining the health of women′s reproductive system. The innate immunity of female genital tract involves the mechanical barrier of the mucosal epithelium, microbial barrier of commensal bacteria, immunological barrier of immune cells and their receptors, and adaptive immunity including B cell-mediated humoral immunity and T cell-mediated cellular immunity. Female genital mucosal immunity is not only involved in local inflammation, but may also have anti-tumor effects. Moreover, the female genital tract mucosal immune is also regulated by sex hormone to maintain a homeostasis of local microenvironment. Herein, this paper summarized recent progress in female genital mucosal immunity.