Collagen is a kind of natural biomedical material and collagen based three-dimensional porous scaffolds have been widely used in skin tissue engineering. However, these scaffolds do not meet the requirements for artificial skin substitutes in terms of their poor mechanical properties, short supply, and rejection in the bodies. All of these factors limit their further application in skin tissue engineering. A variety of methods have been chosen to meliorate the situation, such as cross linking and blending other substance for improving mechanical properties. The highly biomimetic scaffolds either in structure or in function can be prepared through culturing cells and loading growth factors. To avoid the drawbacks of unsafety attributing to animals, investigators have fixed their eyes on the recombinant collagen. This paper reviews the the progress of research and application of collagen-based 3-dimensional porous scaffolds in skin tissue engineering.
Animals ; Biocompatible Materials ; Biomimetics ; Cell Culture Techniques ; Collagen ; chemistry ; Porosity ; Skin ; Skin, Artificial ; Tissue Engineering ; Tissue Scaffolds

Objective To discuss the indication and efficacy for treating hypospadias with ure-throplasty of Pedicled preputial double-faced island flap(PPDIF). Methods Records of 99 children (mean age, 5.1 years; age range, 4 months-12 years)with hypospadias who underwent PPDIF oper-ation were reviewed. Of them, 56 cases were penile type of hypospadias, 24 cases of penile root type, 13 cases of scrotal type and 6 cases of perineal type according to Barcat classification. Based on Duck-ett technique, the partial preputial cortical plate remained and was displaced to gastr-penis with ure-thra. , and finally the new urethra would be covered by the cortical plate. Results During follow-up of average 2 years, 8 patients(8. 1%) developed urethral fistula, 1 (1.0 %) developed mild meatal ste-nosis, and 1(1.0 %) developed flap necrosis. The success rate for total PPDIF procedure was 89.90 % (89/99). And the success rate of simple PPDIF for cases with penile and penile root hypospadias, and PPDIF+Duplay for cases with serotal and perineal hypospadias were respectively 91.25 % (73/80) and 84.21%(16/19). respectively. Conclusions PPDIF is good for treating most hypospadias. Furth-more it make penis better shape. In the severe cases, PPDIF+Duplay prededure is recommended and the effect was affirmative.

Objective To explore the level of knowledge,attitude and practice in preventing sudden deafness and the influencing factors among nursing students in Taiyuan City.Methods By random cluster sampling,1 187 nursing students from 6 universities in Taiyuan City were surveyed about the level of knowledge,attitude and practice and the influencing factors by questionnaires in November 2013.The results underwent analysis.Results Total scoring rate of knowledge,attitude and practice of preventing sudden deafness in the nursing students was 48.36％ (574/1 187),among which knowledge,attitude and practice was 28.30％ (336/1 187),62.68％ (744/1 187) and 54.34％ (645/1 187),respectively.Logistic regression analysis showed that whether taking health education or not,different parents' education degree and household capita monthly income had significantly different influence on level of knowledge,attitude and practice of preventing sudden deafness,P＜0.01.Significant correlation existed between knowledge and attitude,attitude and practice,r=0.467,0.149,P＜0.05.Conclusions The level of knowledge,attitude and practice of preventing sudden deafness of the nursing students is low and has muhifaceted influencing factors.Colleges and universities should strengthen the health propaganda,and community should step up intervention to the families of low income and low education degree,at the same time to improve the compliance of health behavior in order to play a role in prevention and treatment of sudden deafness among nursing students.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes of volt-ampere characteristics of Yuan-Primary acupoints in women before, during and after menstruation, and to find out the relationships between Qi-blood in human body and volt-ampere characteristics of acupoints, so as to develop a new method for quantitative analysis on changes of Qi-blood. METHODS: A high-sensitive detection system of volt-ampere characteristics of acupoint was applied to detecting the volt-ampere characteristics of Taiyuan (LU 9), Daling (PC 7) and Shenmen (HT 7) in healthy women before, during and after menstruation. RESULTS: The resistances on LU 9, PC 7 and HT 7 with some certain scan currents were quite different among the women before, during and after menstruation. For such changes, PC 7 was of the most obvious change, LU 9 was of the less and HT 7 was of the least. The total ratio of the scanning spots with significantly increasing changes of resistances on these three acupoints along with the menstrual process was 70.6%. CONCLUSION: The volt-ampere characteristics of acupoints vary with the menstrual process, which is of the acupoint specificity. The resistances on the acupoints increase with the menstrual process, and such results may be due to the blood loss during menstruation. The volt-ampere characteristics can be used as a quantitative index to study on the change of Qi and blood.

Objective: To detect the thickness of silicon coating film for glass injection bottles by focused ion beam (FIB) emission scanning electron microscopy and investigate the stability and uniformity of the film.Methods: The boron silicon coating injection bottles were selected as the experimental samples and treated with such stability experiments as ultrasonic cleaning, high temperature resistance, heat resistance, water resistance, acid resistance and alkali resistance.The samples were vertically cut by the ion beam from an FIB field emission scanning electron microscope, and the thickness of the cutting face was measured by the built-in measuring module of the scanning electron microscope.Results: The thickness of silicon film was stable and uniform.Conclusion: The film thickness of glass bottles can be accurately detected, and the film stability and uniformity can be reflected directly and objectively by using an FIB double beam field emission scanning electron microscope.

Objective: To investigate the current situation of hearing health among college students and associated factors, and to provide a basis for universities and relevant departments to carry out hearing health work. Methods: By using stratified random sampling method, 1306 students from 4 universities in Taiyuan were screened for hearing loss and were investigated with a questionnaire from March to November 2021. Data were analyzed by using the SPSS 19.0 statistical. Results: The detection rate of hearing loss was 31.70%. The majority (51.91%) failed to pass the 4 000 Hz hearing screening. The total awareness rate of hearing problems was 58.96%. Logistic regression analysis showed that the total daily usage time of earphones >4 h/d, the duration of using earphones >1 h/time were positively correlated with positive screening for hearing loss among college students( OR=1.23, 1.14, P < 0.01), and good awareness of hearing health care and highest education of parents were negatively correlated with positive screening for hearing loss among coollege students( OR =0.54, 0.76, 0.37, P <0.05). Conclusion The awareness of hearing health care among college students is low. Universities and relevant departments should take targeted measures to provide the best hearing health care services.

Objective To analyze the effect of holistic nursing care model on disease control and fetal outcomes in pregnant women with hypertension.Methods A total of 120 pregnant women with hypertension in our hospital were selected and divided into observation group and control group,patients in the control group received routine nursing,and the observation group received whole nursing mode on the basis of routine nursing,and the disease control degree and fetal outcomes of the two groups were compared and analyzed.Results The difference between two groups in systolic pressure,diastolic pressure and mean arterial pressure before nursing showed no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05);After nursing,blood pressure of two groups was significantly improved than nursing before,but improvement degree of systolic blood pressure,diastolic pressure and mean arterial pressure in the observation group was significantly better than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The SAS and SDS scores of two groups were improved after nursing,and the observation group improved more,the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Eclampsia,uterine atony,fetal distress,cesarean section,postpartum hemorrhage in the observation group were lower than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference between two groups in the incidence of placental abruption and perinatal mortality (P ＞ 0.05).Neonatal Apgar score,incidence rate of fetal distress and neonatal asphyxia in the observation group were better than of the control group,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Holistic nursing can effectively improve blood pressure in the pregnancy with hypertension,reduce the incidence of adverse fetal outcomes.

Objective To analyze the effect of holistic nursing care model on disease control and fetal outcomes in pregnant women with hypertension.Methods A total of 120 pregnant women with hypertension in our hospital were selected and divided into observation group and control group,patients in the control group received routine nursing,and the observation group received whole nursing mode on the basis of routine nursing,and the disease control degree and fetal outcomes of the two groups were compared and analyzed.Results The difference between two groups in systolic pressure,diastolic pressure and mean arterial pressure before nursing showed no significant difference (P ＞ 0.05);After nursing,blood pressure of two groups was significantly improved than nursing before,but improvement degree of systolic blood pressure,diastolic pressure and mean arterial pressure in the observation group was significantly better than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The SAS and SDS scores of two groups were improved after nursing,and the observation group improved more,the differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Eclampsia,uterine atony,fetal distress,cesarean section,postpartum hemorrhage in the observation group were lower than that in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference between two groups in the incidence of placental abruption and perinatal mortality (P ＞ 0.05).Neonatal Apgar score,incidence rate of fetal distress and neonatal asphyxia in the observation group were better than of the control group,the difference was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Holistic nursing can effectively improve blood pressure in the pregnancy with hypertension,reduce the incidence of adverse fetal outcomes.

Objective:To investigate the experience and perception of general practice residents on standardized training based on stratified progressive teaching model.Methods:From January to April 2022, focus group interviews were conducted among general practice residents who received standardized training at Peking University First Hospital.Results:Seventeen residents were selected by the purpose sampling method in the study, including 7 males and 10 females aged 24-39 years. Four themes were extracted from the interviews: lower levels of basic knowledge and feeling pressure at clinical work felt by junior residents; lack of clinical research ability and systematic training felt by senior residents; the rotation form and teaching contents were mono in grassroots practice bases; desire of raising salary levels for residents.Conclusions:In order to upgrade the quality of general practice residency training, it is necessary to strengthen the knowledge, skill training and research ability training of general practice residents, improve their treatment, and perfect the standardized training program accordingly.

Objective:To investigate the arsenic content in internal and external environment of the people in drinking-water-borne endemic arsenic poisoning areas in Shaanxi Province, the status quo of the disease and the management and services of the existing patients, so as to provide a theoretical basis for evaluating the effect of prevention and control measures on drinking-water-borne endemic arsenic poisoning.Methods:From 2019 to 2020, in accordance with the requirements of the "Notice of Shaanxi Provincial Health Commission on Issuance of Monitoring Plans for Key Endemic Diseases such as Kashin-Beck Disease" and "Monitoring Plans for Drinking Water Arsenic Poisoning in Shaanxi Province", investigation was carried out in all villages of drinking-water-borne endemic arsenic poisoning in Mianxian County of Hanzhong City, Shanyang County and Zhen'an County of Shangluo City to understand the operation of water improvement project. One terminal water sample was collected to determine the content of arsenic in water, and permanent population of the whole village who are and/or had been exposed to excessive arsenic water in the past were examined for arsenic poisoning and the disease condition was determined according to the standard of "Diagnosis of Endemic Arsenicosis" (WS/T 211-2015). Five villages were randomly selected, and 50 people were selected from each village. Real-time urine sample was collected to determine the content of urinary arsenic. At the same time, management and services of the existing arsenic poisoning patients was investigated.Results:A total of 13 villages were investigated, all of which had been improved in water quality, and all 13 water improvement projects were operating normally, with arsenic content < 0.01 mg/L. A total of 12 577 people were examined, and 417 cases of arsenic poisoning were detected, with a detection rate of 3.32%. No new arsenic poisoning case and arsenic-related skin cancer case had been detected. A total of 260 urine samples were detected, and the geometric mean value of urinary arsenic (< 0.001 mg/L) was lower than the safety guideline value of human urinary arsenic (0.032 mg/L). The existing arsenic poisoning patients (417 cases) were included in health management and contracted services.Conclusions:Shaanxi Province has reached the elimination standard of drinking-water-borne endemic arsenic poisoning. In the future, more attention should be paid to the management of water improvement project, as well as to strengthen health promotion and management services for existing patients to consolidate the effects of prevention and control.