Objective To study the effect of P-glycoprotein (PGP) in regulation of penetration of carbamazepine and phenytoin through blood-brain barrier, as to indicating the entry of epileptic drugs into the brain restricted by PGP and deducing the multidrug resistance mechanisms of refractory epilepsy. Methods The microdialysis probe was placed into the cortex of rats, and after systemic injection of carbamazepine and phenytoin, dialysate was collected and the antiepiletic drug concentration in the extracellular fluid of the cerebral cortex was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Then observing whether the concentration of drugs in extracellular fluid can be enhanced by PGP’s inhibitor verapamil. Results Verapamil significantly enhanced the concentration of carbamazepine in extracellular fluid of the cerebral cortex during 60—90 minutes after injection ((1.74?0.28)?g/ml in 60 minutes and (1.87?0.31)?g/ml in 90 minutes,P

Acupuncture Therapy ; Herpes Zoster ; complications ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Motor Neuron Disease ; etiology ; therapy ; Neuralgia, Postherpetic ; etiology ; therapy

Objective To explore the effect of amifostine combined with low-dose cyclosporine in treatment of refractory immune thrombocytopenia effect and related mechanisms.Methods 60 cases of refractory immune thrombocytopenia patients using parallel randomized controlled groups, divided into three groups, 20 cases in each group, amifostine group were treated with amifostine, cyclosporine group were treated with cyclosporine, amifostine+CSA group received amifostine+cyclosporine A treatment.The platelet count, platelet membrane glycoprotein antibody, lymphocyte subsets and bone marrow megakaryocyte count were observed and compared.Results After different treatment of three, six months, the level of platelet count of patients in three groups were compared with the group before treatment were significantly increased, and the treatment of platelet count level of amifostine group and cyclosporine group were significantly lower than that of amifostine +CSA group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05), there was no significant difference between amifostine group and cyclosporine group.The total efficacy of amifostine+CSA group was significantly higher than the other two groups, the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05 ) , there was no significant difference between amifostine group and cyclosporine group.After the treatment, the platelet membrane glycoprotein GPIIb/IIIa antibody levels in three groups were significantly increased, and ring the detection level of amifostine+CSA group after treatment was significantly higher than the other two groups, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05), there was no significant difference between amifostine group and cyclosporine group.After treatment, the three groups of CD4 +, CD4 +/CD25 +and CD4 +/CD8 +levels were significantly increased, CD8 +decreased significantly, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).And the level of change after treatment with amifostine +cyclosporine group was significantly higher than that of the other two groups, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05), there was no significant difference between amifostine group and cyclosporine group.After treatment, the number of bone marrow megakaryocytes in the three groups was significantly lower than that before treatment , the level of count after treatment with amifostine +cyclosporine was significantly lower than that of the other two groups, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).there was no significant difference between amifostine group and cyclosporine group.The adverse reactions of amifostine group and amifostine+CSA group were significantly lower than that in cyclosporine group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).there was no significant difference between amifostine group and amifostine+CSA group.Conclusion Amifostine combined with low dose of cyclosporine in treatment of refractory immune thrombocytopenia can play a synergistic effect, improve the therapeutic effect, and effectively reduce the dosage and adverse reactions.

Objective To investigate clinical value of levels of CA125 and LPA as a panel for early diagnosis of ovarian cancer.Methods The levels of two tumor markers(CA125 and LPA)in serum were determined in 76 patients with ovarian cancer,35 patients with benign tumor and 29 healthy control.Results The results showed that the levels of two tumor markera in ovarian cancer patients were significantly higher than those in benign tumor patients and controls(P＜0.05).Butuo siguificant difforences was loud betwcen benigutumor patient and coatrols.Conclusion Combined detection of the two markers represent a potential biomarker for diagnosis of epithelial ovarian cancer because of its diagnostic accuracy in ovarian cancer case.

Objective To study the influence of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor in a rat model of Parkinson’s disease. Methods Hemi-Parkinsonism rat model was established by stereotaxic 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions in striatum in which nitric oxide synthase (NOS) was inhibited by L-Nitro-Arginine (L-NNA) and apomorphin-induced rotational behavior was measured. The immunohistochemical staining method was used to observe the change of striatal nNOS-positive neurons and nigral tyrosine hydroxylase(TH)-positive neurons. Results L-NNA dramatically protected 6-OHDA-injected rats against indices of severe injury to the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway, including decreases in numbers of TH-positive nigral neurons and rotational behavior. The nNOS-positive neurons showed no changes in numbers. Conclusions These results indicate that NO might mediate, in part, 6-OHDA-induced neurotoxicity and nNOS-positive neurons might resist the 6-OHDA neurotoxicity. NOS inhibitor may play a role in the protection of 6-OHDA neurons.

OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes of volt-ampere characteristics of Yuan-Primary acupoints in women before, during and after menstruation, and to find out the relationships between Qi-blood in human body and volt-ampere characteristics of acupoints, so as to develop a new method for quantitative analysis on changes of Qi-blood. METHODS: A high-sensitive detection system of volt-ampere characteristics of acupoint was applied to detecting the volt-ampere characteristics of Taiyuan (LU 9), Daling (PC 7) and Shenmen (HT 7) in healthy women before, during and after menstruation. RESULTS: The resistances on LU 9, PC 7 and HT 7 with some certain scan currents were quite different among the women before, during and after menstruation. For such changes, PC 7 was of the most obvious change, LU 9 was of the less and HT 7 was of the least. The total ratio of the scanning spots with significantly increasing changes of resistances on these three acupoints along with the menstrual process was 70.6%. CONCLUSION: The volt-ampere characteristics of acupoints vary with the menstrual process, which is of the acupoint specificity. The resistances on the acupoints increase with the menstrual process, and such results may be due to the blood loss during menstruation. The volt-ampere characteristics can be used as a quantitative index to study on the change of Qi and blood.

Objective To explore the feasibility of detecting atherosclerosis with 7.0T MR and Micro-PET. Methods Ten 46-week-old ApoE-/- mice with high lipid diet for 6 months were selected to establish atherosclerosis models. Among them, 5 mice underwent MRI before and 12 h, 24 h, 36 h after injection of SPIO, respectively, and the other 5 mice were injected with ~(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (~(18)F-FDG) through tail vein and observed with Micro-PET after 1 h, 2 h and 3 h. The specimens of abdominal aorta were taken for pathologic examination. Results Atherosclerotic plaques were observed in all animals with 7.0T MRI after 6 months high lipid diet. Thirty-six hours after the injection of SPIO, the high signal rings were thinner and the lumen of blood vessels were wider than those before injection on T2WI. Radioactive concentration was observed in abdominal aorta and both sides of iliac artery 3 h after the injection of ~(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (~(18)F-FDG). Pathological examination showed the formation of atherosclerotic plaques and the aggregation of the macrophages. Conclusion 7.0T MRI and Micro-PET can be used to observe the macrophage-rich plaque and to judge the vulnerability of plaque, thus provide theoretical basis for early detection, diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerosis.

Objective:To explore whether esketamine (ESK) can inhibit the proliferation and induce apoptosis of breast cancer cells, and explore the mechanism.Methods:CCK-8 assay was used to detect the inhibitory effect of ESK on the proliferation of breast cancer cells. Annexin V/PI staining was used to detect the morphological changes of cells; Apoptosis and reactive oxygen species were detected by flow cytometry. Western blot was used to detect apoptosis and pathway expression.Results:CCK-8 experiment results proved that ESK could inhibit the proliferation of breast cancer cells in a time-dependent manner. The survival rate of MDA-MB-468 cells treated with ESK at 20 μM was (35.47±2.61) %, which was statistically different from that treated with vinorelbine at the same concentration ( P<0.05). The IC50 value of ESK on MDA-MB-468 cells was (14.54±2.12) μM. After treatment with ESK, the mitochondrial membrane potential was significantly reduced. In the protein level, the expression of Cytochrome C, Bax and Caspase-3 was up-regulated, and the expression of Bcl-2 was down regulated, which induced the mitochondrial dependent apoptosis of MDA-MB-468 cells. ESK could up regulate the level of reactive oxygen species in MDA-MB-468 cells and regulate the expression of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Conclusions:ESK can inhibit the proliferation and migration of breast cancer cells and induce them to play a mitochondrial dependent apoptosis. Its mechanism is achieved by up regulating the level of ROS in breast cancer cells, thereby regulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, which provides a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of Aln.

Purpose: To analyze the gene mutation, immune infiltration and tumor growth of primary tumor and distant tumor under different treatment modes. Materials and Methods: Twenty B16 murine melanoma cells were injected subcutaneously into the of both sides of the thigh, simulating a primary tumor and a secondary tumor impacted by the abscopal effect, respectively. They were divided into blank control group, immunotherapy group, radiotherapy group, and radiotherapy combined immunotherapy group. During this period, tumor volume was measured, and RNA sequencing was performed on tumor samples after the test. R software was used to analyze differentially expressed genes, functional enrichment, and immune infiltration. Results: We found that any treatment mode could cause changes in differentially expressed genes, especially the combination treatment. The different therapeutic effects might be caused by gene expression. In addition, the proportions of infiltrating immune cells in the irradiated and abscopal tumors were different. In the combination treatment group, T-cell infiltration in the irradiated site was the most obvious. In the immunotherapy group, CD8+ T-cell infiltration in the abscopal tumor site was obvious, but immunotherapy alone might have a poor prognosis. Whether the irradiated or abscopal tumor was evaluated, radiotherapy combined with anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (anti-PD-1) therapy produced the most obvious tumor control and might have a positive impact on prognosis. Conclusion Combination therapy not only improves the immune microenvironment but may also have a positive impact on prognosis.

Objective The psychometric hepatic encephalopathy scale (PHES),including five psychometric tests,is a standard for the diagnosis of minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE) and enjoys predictive value of overt hepatic encephalopathy (OHE).We investigate whether a simplified PHES is as useful as the whole PHES.Methods Seventy consecutive hepatitis B cirrhotic patients without OHE,admitted to our hospital from October 2012 to June 2013,and other 72 healthy volunteers were chosen in our study.PHES was performed in both groups.Expected normal reference value formula were established based on the 5 psychometric tests in healthy controls,and backward logistic regression was performed by eliminating stepwise variables of PHES to get a simplified PHES (SPHES).Then,SPHES was performed on the 70 patients and followed up for a year to detect the prevalence rate of MHE and OHE.Results PHES was easily influenced by age and educational level.In patients with liver cirrhosis,44.29％ patients (31/70) had MHE based on PHES and 41.43％ (9/70) had MHE based on SPHES,without significant differences (P＞0.05).According to the follow-up study,21 patients developed OHE; the number of developing OHE showed no significant difference between MHE patients dignosed by PHES and SPHES (P＞0.05).Conclusion SPHES is as good as PHES in diagnosing MHE and predicting the occurrence of OHE,which consumes less time and is more suitable for clinical screening.