Objective:To investigate the risk factors related to choledocholithiasis in gallstone patients.Methods:The clinical data of 140 patients with gallstones or gallstones complicated with choledocholithiasis treated at our hospital from Jan 2017 to Dec 2019 were analyzed retrospectively.Results:The results showed gallstones≥ 10 mm (χ 2=7.896, P=0.019), parapapillary diverticulum (χ 2=10.849, P=0.013), the number of gallstones (single vs. multiple) (χ 2=9.760, P=0.080), age ( t=2.767, P=0.006), diameter of common bile duct ( t=8.068, P=0.000), total bilirubin level ( t=2.372, P=0.019), alkaline phosphatase ( t=2.448, P=0.016), significantly related to the formation of common bile duct stones. Logistic regression analysis showed that gallstone ≥ 10 mm, common bile duct dilatation, parapapillary diverticulum and multiple gallstones were all independent risk factors for choledocholithiasis in gallstone patients. Conclusion:A variety of risk factors were responsible for the formation of choledocholithiasis in gallstone patients.

Objective:To analyze the risk factors that affects the metastasis of hepatic alveolar echinococcosis (HAE).Methods:Clinical data of 138 patients with HAE admitted to the Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital and the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University between January 2016 and January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed, including 79 males and 59 females, aged (39.6±11.7) years old. Patients were divided into two groups according to the presence of metastatic lesions of HAE: the metastasis group ( n=58) and non-metastasis group ( n=80). Clinicopathological data including the lesion location, lesion size, serum albumin level, eosinophil count, and echinococcus granulosus cystic fluid (EgCF) were collected. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was utilized to identify the risk factors of metastasis. Results:Statistically significant differences were observed between the metastasis group and non-metastasis group in terms of gender, ethnicity, involvement of adjacent organs, EgCF status, serum albumin level, maximum lesion diameter, disease duration, and eosinophil count (all P<0.05). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that patients from the minority ethnic groups ( OR=5.674, 95% CI: 1.769-18.204, P=0.004), with involvement of adjacent organs ( OR=3.821, 95% CI: 1.367-10.680, P=0.011), positive EgCF ( OR=3.460, 95% CI: 1.093-10.951, P=0.035), larger maximum lesion diameters ( OR=1.116, 95% CI: 1.012-1.230, P=0.027), longer disease durations ( OR=1.009, 95% CI: 1.001-1.018, P=0.036), and lower eosinophil count ( OR=0.799, 95% CI: 0.701-0.911, P=0.001) were at higher risk of developing distant metastases. Conclusion:Ethnic minorities, involvement of adjacent organs, positive EgCF, large lesion length, long disease duration, and low eosinophil count are independent risk factors for distant metastasis in patients with HAE.

Objective To evaluate the application value of preoperative computed tomography (CT) and three-dimensional reconstruction (3DR) of major vessels regarding lesion infiltration severity,vascular morphology & function and predict vascular surgeries during ex vivo liver resection and autotransplantation (ELRA) for end-stage hepatic alveolar echinocoecosis (AE).Methods Preoperative radiological & angiographical,intraoperative photographic and pathological materials were retrospectively collected in 40 consecutive patients undergoing ELRA for end-stage hepatic alveolar echinococcosis from January 2017 to January 2019.Severity of lesion infiltration,morphological & functional status as well as predictive value for surgical planning of hepatic venous system (HVs),inferior vena cava (IVC),portal venous system (PVs) and hepatic arterial supply system (HAs) were estimated,then compared with those built golden standards:angiography,intraoperative diagnosis and pathological examinationss.Results Evaluation accuracy of CT and 3DR for lesion infiltration severity,vascular morphology & function and predicting vascular surgeries respectively were 68.1％,71.9％,78.9％ and 57.5％,89.2％,71.1％ and all paired data had statistical significance (all P＜0.05).Furthermore,CT had a higher certainty of predicting the use of vascular prosthesis during surgery than 3DR (77.5％ and 70.0％,P＜0.05).Conclusions Pre-ELRA CT is recommended for evaluating lesion infiltration severity and predicting corresponding vascular surgery.However,3DR has more certainty in evaluating vascular morphology & function.Furthermore,CT is more reliable than 3DR in predicting vascular prosthesis during ELRA.However,optional better solutions should be studied for higher assurance.