Objective:To construct a diagnosis model of water accumulation fault of ventilator pipeline based on firefly algorithm(FA),so as to improve the management quality of ventilator equipment.Methods:The diagnostic model of water accumulation fault of ventilator pipeline was constructed based on FA.Objective function and multi-objective mathematical model were used to accurately judge the water accumulation fault of ventilator pipeline.From 2022 to 2023,the using 20 ventilators of hospital were selected,and the diagnostic model of water accumulation fault of ventilator pipeline was used to improve the management of 20 ventilators.January-December 2022 was set as before equipment management was improved,and January-December 2023 was set as after equipment management was improved.The failure rate,operation quality,pass rate of sampling inspection and the recognition score of equipment users were compared before and after the management for ventilator equipment was improved.Results:The condensate water treatment,pipeline location,humidification tank condition and other reasons after the management of ventilator equipment was improved were significantly lower than those before that was improved,and the differences were statistically significant(x2=11.875,14.636,11.834,11.039,P＜0.05),respectively.The startup rate,integrity rate,time utilization rate and quality stability rate of operating quality of the improved ventilators were higher than those before they were improved,and the differences of them were statistical significance(t=11.520,12.145,9.189,13.637,P＜0.05),respectively.The failure rate after these equipment were improved was significantly lower than that before they were improved,while the qualified rate was significantly higher than that before that was improved,and the differences were statistically significant(x2=5.625,15.000,P＜0.05),respectively.The recognition scores of engineers,doctors,nurses and patients of users who using equipment after these equipment were improved were significantly higher than those before they were improved,and the differences were statistically significant(t=11.093,11.080,16.006,11.049,P＜0.05),respectively.Conclusion:The diagnosis model of water accumulation fault of ventilator pipeline based on FA can realize accurate judgment for water accumulation fault in ventilator pipeline,and reduce the probability of water accumulation fault in ventilator pipeline,and effectively improve the management quality of ventilator equipment in hospital.