Objective To explore the effective nursing and long-term safety training mode, early intervention on safety awareness of junior nurses, regulate the safety behavior, ensure patient safety. Methods The ideas and methods of HSE management system (health, safety and environment trinity management system) were introduced, from training needs research, safety courses design, safety behavior training, training process management,safety knowledge clinical application and training quality control implementation of systematic management.From 2013 to 2014 low seniority nurses safety training for 2 years, including new hospital nurse per year.Taking the self contrast before and after experimental design, safety knowledge to master the situation, the nurse's satisfaction and quality of care and safety management before and after training were compared. Results The actual class qualified rate and safety knowledge awareness and the excellent and good rate of safety skills assessment after training were 80.10%(157/196), 92.34%(181/196),96.43%(189/196), which were higher than those of 65.30%(128/196), 81.63%(160/196), 88.78%(174/196) before training, and the differences were statistically significant, χ2=10.81,9.94,7.07,P<0.01. The overall satisfaction of the nurses for safety training was 92.35%(181/196)after training, which was higher than that of 80.61%(158/196)before training, the difference was statistically significant, χ2=16.37, P < 0.01.The qualified rate of nursing quality for the critically ill patients after training was 90.13%(210/233), which was higher than that of 81.48%(176/216) before training, the difference was statistically significant, χ2= 6.94, P < 0.01. The patient safety and quality, the quality of nursing records were 95.81%(206/215), 95.29%(688/722) after training, respectively, which were higher than those of 89.60%(181/202), 85.10%(577/678) before training, the differences were significant, χ2=5.98,4.17, P<0.05. Conclusions Improved safety training is normative, practicability and maneuverability, safety behavior norms, improve the risk identification and emergency handling ability, reduce nursing risk, close to the clinical need for safety management, safety training for nurses to provide the basis for sustainable development.

Objective To determine the relationship between serum testosterone level and lean body mass, body fat content, and bone mineral density (BMD) . Methods The study involved 185 healthy females in Changsha, aged 45 ～81. Fasting serum testosterone was measured by radioimmu-noassay. Hologic QDR 4500A fan beam X-ray bone densitometer was used to measure the BMD of anteroposterior lumber (AP, L_(1～4)) and total hip, to measure the bone mineral content, BMD, body fat content and muscle tissue weight of head, trunk, ribs, pelvis, spine, upper limbs, lower limbs and the total body. Body weight, lean body mass and body fat percentage were calculated. SPSS 11.0 software was used to conduct regression analysis. Results (1) Serum testosterone showed no correlation with lean body mass, body fat content, and body fat percentage. (2) Serum testosterone was positively related with the BMD of lumbar spine and hip, but showed no correlation with the BMD after adjustment of age and years since postmenopause. (3) Lean body mass showed significant positive correlation with the BMD of different sites. Total body fat content showed positive correlation with the BMD of total hip, while body fat percentage showed negative correlation with the BMD of the whole body. Conclusion Keeping lean body mass benefits postmenopausal women to maintain bone mineral content, and taking androgen should still be cautious.

Objective To establish a conventional intraocular lens (IOL) calculation formula which is applicable to eyeballs with abnormal data and laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) postoperative eyes.Methods A case-series study was adopted.According to the classical optical theory,a normal IOL implanted eye has the following characteristics:when light is refracted by cornea and arrives on the IOL plane,the value of refractive power (F1) + IOL refractive power (F2) =the value of refractive power which is suitable for vitreous body depth (F3).Thereafter,a mathematical model was built on the basis of theory,experience,and regression analysis data after IOL implantation surgeries.Furthermore,based on the new LASIK postoperative cornea curvature modified formula,the two kinds of IOL calculation programs of conventional and LASIK postoperative eyes were established.The test data was collected from 644 patients who had undergone the cataract extractions and IOL implantation surgeries (600 physiological cornea eyes,7 radial keratotomy [RK] eyes and 37 LASIK postoperative eyes) at the Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School.Through the analysis of these data,the new formulas were examined.Results With IOL refractive power of 607 eyes (including 7 RK postoperative eyes),the average error of XLQ formula (the tentative name of the established formula in this study)was 0.1 D,and the 95％ limits of agreement range was-1.1 to + 1.2 D.The error range of IOL refractive power predicted by XLQ,SRK-T and Haigis formulas was-2.21 to +2.25 D,-5.10 to +5.63 D and-3.00 to +3.18 D,respectively,the absolute average error of IOL refractive power predicted by the three formulas was (0.43 ± 0.28),(0.74 ± 0.53) and (0.79 ± 0.49) D,respectively.Compared with SRK-T and Haigis formulas,the average error of IOL refractive power predicted by XLQ formula was Lower,with significant differences between them (both at P =0.000).The error value of IOL refractive power predicted by XLQ formula had no statistical correlations with axial length (AL),keratometry (K) and A constant respectively (all at P＞0.05),while the error value predicted by SRK-T and Haigis formulas had statistical correlations with AL,K and A constant,respectively (all at P＜0.05).Thirty-seven patients who had conducted LASIK for myopia (and whose IOL refractive power value were predicted by XLQ formula) had been undergone the postoperative examination.Comparing the predicted and actual value,the error range of IOL refractive power was-0.52 to +1.18 D,and the absolute average error was (0.49±0.26)D.Conclusions The conventional mode of the XLQ formula established in this study can be used in the cases with broad values of axial length,corneal curvature and A constant,as well as various types of physiological cornea and RK postoperative eyes;the dedicated mode is suitable for LASIK postoperative eyes of myopia.