Objective To investigate the relationships between serum concentration of RBP-4 and the parameters of inflammatory, lipid metabolism, insulin resistance in patients with T2DM. Methods 71 patients newly diagnosed with T2DM and 34 subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. Additionally, another subset analysis was performed. Subjects were divided into normal weight (NW) and overweight or obesity (OW/OB) group on the basis of BMI. Serum RBP-4 was measured with ELISA. Serum concentrations of hs-CRP, free fatty acids (FFA), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC) and insulin were measured in fasting status. Insulin resistance was assessed by HOMA-IR. Results Ln (HOMA-IR) and the concentrations of TG, FFA, In(hs-CRP) in T2DM were significant-ly higher than that of NGR group[1.20±0.38 vs 0.76±0.34,(2.74±2. 20)mmol/L vs (1.88±1.41),(0. 80±0. 29)mmol/L vs (0.61±0.22)retool/L,0.62±1.00 vs -0. 17±1.07] . InRBP-4 showed a positive relationship with In (HOMA-IR) ( r =0. 382, P <0. 05), but no association with TC, TG, FFA and In(hs-CRP). In the group of T2DM, InRBP-4 showed a positive relationship with FFA ( r =0. 242, P <0.05) and In (hs-CRP) ( r =0.346, P <0.01), but no association with TC, TG and In (HOMA-IR). There were no relationships between InRBP-4 and In (HOMA-IR), TC, TG, FFA and In (hs-CRP)in NW, while in OW/OB group, InRBP-4 showed a positive relationship with In (HOMA-IR) ( r =0. 290,P < 0. 05 ) and In (hs-CRP) ( r = 0. 295, P <0.05 ), but no association with TC, TG and FFA. In a mul-tiple linear regression analysis, In( hs-CRP), TC, TG, FFA or In(HOMA-IR) was not the independent de-terminant of InRBP-4 in any group. Conclusion In patients with T2DM, InRBP-4 is positively correlatedwith In (hs-CRP) and FFA, and it may be a new marker of inflammation.

Polypeptide fragment of rabies virus glycoprotein(RVG)has become one of the most popular polypeptides in drug delivery field,because of its advantages of neurotropiam,penetration of blood-brain barrier and biosafety.Polypeptide fragment of RVG can directly deliver proteins and nucleic acids into brain.Additionally,when polypeptide fragment of RVG couples with drug-loading polymers,nanoparticles or liposomes,it can mediate the latters into brain.The application of the RVG polypeptide fragment provides a safe and effective approach for the treatment of brain diseases with biomolecules,such as chemicals,proteins.plasmids,siRNA,miRNA.

Objective To construct the lncRNA-1700020I14Rik plasmid and detect its effect on the fibrosis of mice mesangial cell (MMC) cultured with high glucose medium.Methods RT-qPCR was used to measure the expression of 1700020I14Rik in MMC cultured with low glucose medium or high glucose.Total RNA was extracted from MMC and cDNA was got by RT-PCR.The whole fragment of lncRNA-1700020I14Rik amplified by PCR was constructed into plasmid pcDNA3.1(+) through PCR.Lipidosome 3000 was used to transfect the plasmid into the MMC cultured with high glucose medium and RT-qPCR was used to measure the expression level of 1700020I14Rik.Western blot was used to analyze the expression of fibronectin, collagen Ⅳ and TGF-β1.Results 1700020I14Rik was significantly down-regulated in MMC cultured with high glucose and it was significantly up-expressed in the MMC after transfecting with pcDNA3.1(+)-1700020I14Rik.The expressions of fibronectin, collagen Ⅳ and TGF-β1 were down-regulated by 1700020I14Rik.Conclusions The plasmidpcDNA3.1(+)-1700020I14Rik is able to effectively express the lncRNA-1700020I14Rik.Over-expression of 1700020I14Rik may protect mesangial cells from fibrosis conduced in high glucose medium.

BACKGROUND: Uncontrolled-rate freezing in -80 ℃ refrigerator is convenient, while controlled-rate freezing in -196 ℃ liquid nitrogen is reliable and long-term, the combination of the two can simplify the process and has been successfully used in clinics. OBJECTIVE: To explore the influences of different cryoprotectants by ladder-style freezing from -80 ℃ low temperature refrigerator to liquid nitrogen on the cryopreservation of hemopoietic stem cells. METHODS: The experiments were divided into four groups: 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) group, 5% DMSO combined with 3% hydroxyethyl starch group, 5% DMSO combined with 0.25 mol/L trehalose group, 5% DMSO combined with 3% hydroxyethyl starch and 0.25 mol/L trehalose group. Peripheral hemopoietic stem cells were cryopreserved by ladder-style freezing from -80 ℃ low temperature refrigerator to liquid nitrogen. The ultrastructural changes were examined by transmission electron microscopy, the expressions of Annexin-V, PI and Caspase-3 were detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in survival rate, apoptotic rate and necrotic rates of the cryopreserved cells in the four groups (P > 0.05). The ultrastructural changes had no significant difference under the transmission electron microscopy. The viability was more than 90% in frozen-thawed mononuclear cell colonies, and the apoptosis was roughly 50% in the frozen-thawed CD45+ cell population, which contained many mature cells. Of hemopoietic stem cells, early stage cells have greater resistance to damage of cryopreservation than late stage cells. It is concluded that the addition of hydroxyethyl starch or trehalose into DMSO exhibits no synergistic protective effect on the cryopreservation of hemopoietic stem cells.

Objective To evaluate the protective effect on lung by using continuous pulmonary artery perfusion with oxygenated blood and L-arginine during cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB).Methods Forty five cases received mitral valve replacement were randomly divided into 3 groups and each group involved 15 cases. Group I(control group), patients received routine procedure of CPB. Proup Ⅱ, patients received rcontinuous pulmonary artery perfusion with oxygenated blood. Group Ⅲ,continuous pulmonary artery perfusion with oxygenated blood containing L-arginine (200 mg/kg) (n=15). All cases received routine procedure of CPB and continuously infused from the root of pulmonary artery until releasing aortaoaic clamp. Blood samples were collected from the radial artery respectively at the following time points:after the induction of anaesthesia, 1 hour after opening of aorta, 0, 6, 12, 24 hours after patients being taken back to ICU. ELISA test was used to detected the expression of tmmor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and interleukin-10 (IL-10). Lung tissue samples (1.0 cm ×1.0 cm×1.0 cm) were obtained from right lower lobe. The pathologicl changes of lung tissues were observed under light mi-croscope by using HE staining. Results at each time points, the expression of TNF-α, IL-6 in group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ weresignificantly lower than that in group Ⅰ (P<0.05). The level of TNF-α, IL-6 in group Ⅲ were lower than in group Ⅱ(P<0.05). However, the expression of IL-10 in group Ⅱ and group Ⅲ were higher than in group Ⅰ, and the level of IL-10 in group Ⅲ were higher than that in group Ⅱ(P<0.05). In the group Ⅰ: HE staining showed marked pulmonary interstitial edema, intra-alveolus neutrophilic granulocyte exudation with karyorrhexis. In the group Ⅱ, light capillary vessel hyperaemia and pulmonary interstitial lymphocyte exudation were detected. Nearly normal lung tissue were observed in group Ⅲ. Conclusion Continuous pulmonary artery perfusion with oxygenated blood and L-arginine could inhibit the synthesis of inflammatory factors significantly and increase the releasing of anti-inflammatory factors during CPB. Therefore, it may reduces pulmonary inflammatory reaction and have protective effects on lung tissue.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of body composition on bone mineral density (BMD) in males with different glucose tolerance. METHODS: A total of 87 male subjects aged 35~64 years were divided into 2 groups by glucose tolerance test, 57 diagnosed T2DM and 30 with normal glucose tolerance(NGT). BMDs of anteroposterior lumbar vertebrae (AP), left femur neck (FN), total hip (T-hip), and total bone mineral density(TBMD)were measured by dual-energy-X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Body composition was also measured by DEXA, while fat tissue mass(FTM), lean tissue mass(LTM), percentage of truncal fat (Tru-fat%) and total fat (Fat%) were computed. The effect of body composition on the BMD of the 2 groups was analyzed. RESULTS: LTM and FN-BMD had a positive correlation in the NGT group, but no correlation in the T2DM group. The percentage of fat showed a negative relationship with the BMD of AP in the T2DM group, but not in the NGT group. The percentage of fat and total BMD had a negative association in both the NGT and the T2DM groups. In the NGT group, LTM was the independent predictor of BMD of AP,FN and hip (b=0.509, 0.411, and 0.585; P<0.01 or 0.05; R2=0.169~0.342). In the T2DM group, LTM was the independent predictor of BMD of AP (b=0.330, P<0.05, R2=0.109) and hip (b=0.462, P<0.01,R2=0.213), but not FN. CONCLUSION LTM has an attenuated effect on the BMD in male patients with T2DM compared with patients with NGT. An increased percent of fat percent is harmful to preserve bone mass in male adults, regardless of normal glucose tolerance or T2DM.
Absorptiometry, Photon ; Adipose Tissue ; metabolism ; Adult ; Blood Glucose ; metabolism ; Body Composition ; Bone Density ; Case-Control Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; metabolism ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVE: To determine the relation between serum concentration of retinol binding protein (RBP) 4 and markers of bone metabolism, bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: A total of 82 patients newly diagnosed with T2DM and 46 subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) enrolled in the cross-sectional study. Subset analyses were performed, dividing subjects on the basis of gender into M-T2DM, F-T2DM, M-NGT, and F-NGT. The serum concentrions of RBP4, osteocalcin (OC) and C-terminal telopeptide of collagen type I (CTX) were measured with ELISA. The BMD was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) with a Hologic QDR4500A device. RESULTS: In both the T2DM groups, lnRBP4 showed a positive relationship with lnCTX (M-T2DM, r=0.564, P<0.01; F-T2DM, r=0.386, P=0.018), but no association with lnOC. After adjusting for age, smoking, creatinine clearance rate (CCr), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), lnRBP4 still showed a strong association with lnCTX in the M-T2DM group (r'=0.536, P<0.01), but not in F-T2DM (r'=0.317, P=0.072). In the NGT group, there was no relation between lnRBP4 and lnCTX or lnOC. LnRBP4 showed no association with BMD in all groups. CONCLUSION The level of serum RBP4 may be correlated with the bone metabolism in patients with T2DM.
Adult ; Aged ; Bone Density ; Bone and Bones ; metabolism ; Collagen Type I ; blood ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; blood ; metabolism ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Osteocalcin ; blood ; Peptides ; blood ; Retinol-Binding Proteins, Plasma ; metabolism

Objective To study the effects of morphine on serum concentrations of cortisol (COR), adrenaline (ADR), noradrenaline (NAD) and dopamine (DOP) in premature infants requiring mechanical ventilation (MV).Method From January to November, 2017, premature infants (gestational age: 28～36 weeks and body weight :1 000～2 499 g) admitted to neonatal department of our hospital and received mechanical ventilation were prospectively studied.The participants were randomly assigned into morphine group and control group.Modified neonatal pain assessment scale ( NIPS ) and Ramsay scores were calculated at the beginning of MV (before the administration of morphine ) and at different time points after MV (2 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h after the administration of morphine ).Serum concentrations of COR , ADR, NAD and DOP were also measured at the beginning of MV and 24 h after MV/morphine.The scores and concentrations were compared between the two groups.Result A total of 60 infants were included, with 30 infants in each group.The modified NIPS and Ramsay scores and serum concentrations at the beginning of MV were similar between the two groups ( P＞0.05).The modified NIPS and Ramsay scores at 2 h, 12 h, 24 h and 48 h after the initiation of MV were significantly lower in the morphine group comparing with the control group[2 h: (0.8 ±0.5) vs.(2.9 ±0.7), (0.9 ±0.6) vs.(2.3 ±0.6); 12 h: (1.1 ±0.6) vs.(2.8 ±0.8), (1.3 ±0.7) vs.(2.3 ±0.8); 24 h: (1.4 ±0.8) vs.(3.0 ±0.7), (1.6 ±0.6) vs. (2.4 ±0.8); 48 h: (1.3 ±0.7) vs.(2.7 ±0.9), (1.7 ±0.7) vs.(2.5 ±0.8)].Furthermore, serum concentrations of COR, ADR, NAD and DOP at 24 h after MV were also significantly lower in the morphine group [COR: (165.4 ±25.0) nmol/L vs.( 319.8 ±71.2) nmol/L, ADR: ( 30.3 ±4.5) ng/L vs. (45.4 ±4.3) ng/L,NAD: (138.0 ±16.5) ng/L vs.(230.5 ±26.1) ng/L, DOP: (43.6 ±7.2) ng/L vs.(86.3 ±10.0) ng/L, P＜0.05].Conclusion Morphine is associated with lower serum concentration of catecholamine and lower NIPS scores during MV in premature infants.

Acute liver failure is a serious and complex liver disease with a high short-term mortality rate. Its pathogenesis remains unknown and there is still a lack of effective drugs. Animal models play an important role in further revealing the pathogenesis of acute liver failure and the therapeutic mechanism of drugs, and the selection of experimental animals and preparation methods is the key to the effective implementation of research. This article summarizes the commonly used and new animal models of acute liver failure in recent years and the corresponding preparation methods and divides the animal models of acute liver failure into following four categories: chemical drug model, surgical model, infection model, and other models. Meanwhile, the above models are evaluated based on Terblanche and Hickman evaluation criteria for liver failure models, hoping to provide a reference for model selection and evaluation in basic research on this disease.

Objective:Based on the framework of 5W1H analysis, to establish the continuous nursing project by delphi expert consultation method for children with congenital imperforate anus after discharge.Methods:This study is observational. Through the literature review, qualitative interview and group discussion to establish the expert correspondence questionnaire from April 2021 to March 2022. Delphi consultation was applied to experts for two rounds of expert consultation, to evaluate the initiative, authority and coordination of expert opinions.Results:Two rounds of expert consultation were carried out with 20 experts.The response rates of two rounds of expert questionnaires were 19/20 and 20/20 respectively, the expert authority coefficients were 0.873 and 0.893 respectively, and the Kendall′s coefficients were 0.311 and 0.405 respectively. The coordination of expert opinions was statistically significant ( P<0.05); After two rounds of expert consultation, it was finally determined that the continuing care plan for children with anal atresia included three first-level indicators (composition and responsibilities of continuing care personnel, implementation methods of continuing care, and implementation content of continuing care), 23 second-level indicators, and 46 third-level indicators. Conclusions:This study have high enthusiasm and authority of experts, and concentrated expert opinions on various indicators. The results are reliable, scientific and comprehensive, which will provide a basis for clinical medical staff to carry out the continuous nursing of children with congenital imperforate anus.