Objective To ascertain the pressure ulcer prevalence among secondary and tertiary general hospitals in different areas of Guangdong Province, and describe pressure ulcer related nursing measures in hospitalized patients. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive design was used in the present study. 5 secondary and tertiary general hospitals including 25164 hospitalized patients from different regions in Guangdong Province were recruited. There were 267 pressure ulcer patients among them. Minimum Data Set (MDS) was used to measure prevention measures of hospitalized patients. Pressure ulcer patients′questionnaire was used to measure medical treatment of pressure ulcer patients. Results The overall prevalence rates of pressure ulcers in the 25 hospitals range from 0 to 3.49%, with an average of 1.26%. The prevalence rate in the secondary general hospitals was 1.8%(41/2266), which was significant higher than that of in the tertiary general hospitals(1.0%, 226/22998), χ2=13.48, P<0.01. For the hospitalized patients at risk, 42.0%(1408/3353) of patients didn′t use any systemic support surface, 45.8%(1537/3353) of patients didn′t use any local support surface. In the pressure ulcer patients, 35.2%(94/267) of patients didn′t use any systemic support surface, 14.2% (38/267)of patients didn′t use any local support surface, and 61.4%(164/267) of pressure ulcer patients didn′t use any skin care products. Conclusion The prevention measures of pressure ulcer in Guangdong province were not effective, further improvements are still required.

Objective To analyze the determinants of television viewing among people in China,and to provide basic information for developing intervention strategies.Methods The data of 66 601 subjects aged 6 years and over(male 32 254,female 34 347) on television viewing from 2002 China National Nutrition and Health Survey was used.Results The prevalence of watching TV 2h and over among Chinese residents was 60.6%.Female had a decreased likelihood of watching TV 2h and over(adjusted odds ratio,AOR: 0.78).Children aged 13～17 years had a decreased likelihood of watching TV 2 h and over(AOR: 0.71) compared with younger children,however,adults had an increased likelihood(AOR: 1.34 for 18~44 yr,1.16 for 45～59 yr,1.04 for 60 yr and over).Light intense occupations were associated with an increased likelihood of watching TV 2 h and over(AOR: 7.18).Higher family income had an increased likelihood of watching TV 2 h and over(AOR: 1.12,1.07).Highest education level was associated with a decreased likelihood of watching TV 2h and over(AOR: 0.91).Engaging in exercise was associated with a decreased likelihood of watching TV 2h and over(AOR: 0.74).Conclusion Age,gender,socioeconomic status and exercise can influence the time spending on TV among Chinese residents.

Objective To explore the relationship between work-family conflict and turnover inten-tions in nurses and find out the key points to reducing turnover intentions by releasing individuals' work-family conflict. Methods Cross-sectional study method was used in this investigation. By using cluster sampling method, 1287 nurses from some top-level and third-class general hospital were investigated. The questionnaire of work-family conflict and turnover intentions scale were used in this research and the re-suits underwent analysis. Results The score of turnover intentions in nurses was positively correlated with the level of their work-family conflict (r=0.233,P<0.01). Stress,behavior and time dimension were related factors of turnover intentions(r=0.243,0.191,0.176,P<0.01 ).After control of demographic factors, the turnover intentions deviation that can be explained increased by 7%. Conclusions The score of work-family conflict is one of the predicators of turnover intentions. A developing measure should be taken to reduce turnover intentions by releasing work-family conflict in nurses.

Objective To identify the risk factors associated with incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD) in ICU patients with enteral nutrition associated diarrhea (ENAD), and to provide information for taking evidence-based preventive measures. Methods We used a case-control study to collect data. Information of the patients (n=55) and controls (n=55) were retrieved from the medical records of 2 intensive care units (ICUs). The patients with IAD and the controls without IAD were matched with age, gender and ward. Information on disease-related information, perineal environment, drug use and nutritional status were collected. Results The simple factor analysis showed that the risks of IAD were related to coronary heart disease (CHD )(χ2=3.96), composite variable for perfusion (χ2=7.33), APACHE II score (χ2=9.87), FiO2 (Z=-2.96), artificial airway (χ2=93.91), ENAD days (Z=-5.45), stool property (χ2=8.46), antibacterial drug use (χ2=5.55), steroid medicine (χ2=11.34) and enteral nutrition days(Z=-3.33), P<0.05. Logistic regression analysis showed that FiO2(P<0.05,OR=1.03, OR95%CI=1.01-1.06), APACHE Ⅱscore(P<0.05,OR=3.12, OR95%CI=1.01-9.64)and ENAD days(P<0.01,OR=1.64, OR95%CI=1.29-2.10)was independent risk factors for IAD. Conclusions The higher of FiO2, APACHE II score over 15 points and the longer of ENAD days, patients are more likely to occur IAD. Early monitoring and prevention of IAD are recommended to promote skin health.

Objective To explore and evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of applying decision tree methods to predict the risk of hospital-acquired pressure ulcers (HAPUs) in intensive care upit (ICU) patients,and provide a theoretical basis for the prevention of HAPUs in clinical practice.Methods A retrospective design was used to collect 468 patients' records,and all of the patients were hospitalized in ICUs including medical intensive care unit and coronary care unit between October 2011 and October 2013 in a 3 A grade hospital in Guangzhou.The CART algorithm was used to construct the decision tree risk prediction model.The area under the receiver operating curve (AUC),sensitivity and specificity were used to evaluate the predictive validity of the decision tree model compared with the Braden Scale.Results The decision tree model had four stratums and eleven nodes.Six classification rules and three styles of high-risk populations were screened out:(1)age ＞81;(2)age ≤81 combined with fecal incontinence;(3)age ≤81 combined with total Braden score ≤ 13 and diastolic blood pressure ＜ 60mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa).The AUC of the decision tree model was significantly higher than the Braden Score (Z=2.31,P ＜ 0.05).The sensitivity and specificity of the decision tree model (0.809 and 0.703) were higher than the Braden Score (0.777 and 0.587).Conclusions The decision tree model is an easy and feasible tool to predict the risk of HAPUs in ICU patients,and it can be used to screen high-risk populations.

The construction of a network resource data base for clinical skill teaching aiming at sharing excellent teaching resources was completed by integrating all kinds of teaching resource including characters,eourseware,pictures,cartoons,videos and examination questions,etc.In view of the generally weak situation of the current domestic education resource data base construction,the contents,guiding ideology,principle,object,orientation,function and the management mechanism of the network resource data base construction were devised for clinical skills teaching.Suggestions for specific ideas and construction problems were proposed to promote the construction and optimization of the network resource database for clinical skills teaching.

Objective To explore the relationship between quality of life and acceptance of disability of colostomy patients.Methods Using convenience sampling method to investigate 111 colostomy patients.General information questionnaire,QLQ-C30 scale,QLQ-CR38 scale and Acceptance of Disability Scale were used to investigate patients' general condition,quality of life and acceptance of disability.Data was analyzed by SPSS 17.0.Results The general health condition of colostomy patients was better than reference value and the score of ADS was at an average level.There was a relationship between general health condition,functioning dimensions,symptom dimensions and acceptance of disability.Conclusions There was a close relationship between quality of life and acceptance of disability.The acceptance of disability should be improved to help patients to obtain better quality of life.

Objective To evaluate the effects of hydrocolloid dressings with conventional care in the prevention of pressure ulcers.Methods Randomised controlled trials and quasi-randomised trials,which assessed the effects of hydrocolloid dressings in preventing pressure ulcers compared to conventional care were sought.Data were pooled using RevMan 5.0.Results 17 eligible trials were identified with a total of 1 371 study participants.Meta-analysis showed that:Compared to conventional care,conventional care and hydrocolloid dressings were effective for preventing pressure ulcers for patients at risk of pressure ulcers [RR =0.29,95％CI (0.18,0.46)] and using noninvasive positive pressure ventilator [RR=0.30,95％CI (0.18,0.52).Conclusions Hydrocolloid drcssings and conventional care can reduce the pressure ulcer incidence of patients at risk of pressure ulcer or using noninvasive positive pressure ventilator.

AIM: To observe the protective effect of naoyikang-containing serum on cultured hippocampus neuron injury induced by D-galactose(D-gal).METHODS: Naoyikang-containing serum was prepared in rats administered with aqueous extract of naoyikang(6.84 g?kg-1?d-1).MTT,MAO-B and ATPase assay were used to measure the viability of hippocampus neurons.RESULTS: D-gal at concentration of 100 ?mol/L caused significant decrease in the viability of hippocampus neurons 24 h after the treatment.Naoyikang-containing serum increased the viability,ATPase activity and the expression of bcl-xl mRNA,decreased the MAO-B activity and the expression of bax mRNA in D-gal injured hippocampus neurons.CONCLUSION: Naoyikang-containing serum prevents hippocampus neurons from D-gal induced cytotoxicity.

BACKGROUND: Uncontrolled-rate freezing in -80 ℃ refrigerator is convenient, while controlled-rate freezing in -196 ℃ liquid nitrogen is reliable and long-term, the combination of the two can simplify the process and has been successfully used in clinics. OBJECTIVE: To explore the influences of different cryoprotectants by ladder-style freezing from -80 ℃ low temperature refrigerator to liquid nitrogen on the cryopreservation of hemopoietic stem cells. METHODS: The experiments were divided into four groups: 10% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) group, 5% DMSO combined with 3% hydroxyethyl starch group, 5% DMSO combined with 0.25 mol/L trehalose group, 5% DMSO combined with 3% hydroxyethyl starch and 0.25 mol/L trehalose group. Peripheral hemopoietic stem cells were cryopreserved by ladder-style freezing from -80 ℃ low temperature refrigerator to liquid nitrogen. The ultrastructural changes were examined by transmission electron microscopy, the expressions of Annexin-V, PI and Caspase-3 were detected by flow cytometry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: There was no significant difference in survival rate, apoptotic rate and necrotic rates of the cryopreserved cells in the four groups (P > 0.05). The ultrastructural changes had no significant difference under the transmission electron microscopy. The viability was more than 90% in frozen-thawed mononuclear cell colonies, and the apoptosis was roughly 50% in the frozen-thawed CD45+ cell population, which contained many mature cells. Of hemopoietic stem cells, early stage cells have greater resistance to damage of cryopreservation than late stage cells. It is concluded that the addition of hydroxyethyl starch or trehalose into DMSO exhibits no synergistic protective effect on the cryopreservation of hemopoietic stem cells.