Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA)genome mutations and defects are the essential mechanism of a various of mitochondrial dysfunction associated with diseases. The studies of targeting de-livery nucleic acid into mammalian mitochondria can thoroughly correct mtDNA mutation, rescue mtDNA impairment and then reverse the progress of diseases. There’s obvious differences be-tween nucleic acid import pathway of mammalian mitochondria and gene transfection of nuclei. In this paper, the effective strat-egies of delivering DNA and RNA(tRNA,rRNA,mRNA and an-tisense RNA)into mitochondria have been reviewed, as well as the challenges and development.

Small interfering RNA (siRNA) is emerging as a powerful tool for in vivo research and for use as potential therapeutic agents. This review demonstrates the examples of the applications of siRNA as a new modality in gene therapy which can elicit down-regulation of gene expression and has prodigious potential in the treatment of diseases in mammals. Before siRNA technique is used in vivo, efficient strategies of delivery must be designed, such as vectors and routes of delivery. The problems that should be considered before applying this technology are outlined.

Some basic nuclear localization signals(NLS) have the capability of penetrating cell membrane and deliverying recombinant proteins, DNA, oligonucleotide into living cells. NLS based delivery system prohaps can satisfy most of major requirement in cargoing exogenous macromolecules or charged compounds. Different internalization mechanisms were found for different NLSs. Endocytosis or electrostatic binding of the anionic membranes and cationic NLSs probably induce celluar uptake.

OBJECTIVE To test and analyze the new drug-resistant characteristics of Acinetobacter baumannii.METHODS The bacteria identification was determined by the routine method.Antimicrobial susceptibility was detected by K-B test.RESULTS In 95 A.baumannii strains,in addition to imipenem,the drug-resistant incidence was above 49%.There were two A.baumannii strains resistant to imipenem,and were seen panresistant strains The new characteristics of drug-resistance were found.CONCLUSIONS A new drug-resistant mode about A.baumannii to amikacin is found.The high drug-resistant incidence of A.baumannii becomes a very important problem.

Aim To analyze the antibiotic activity and mechanism of a polypyridyl ruthenium complex. Meth-ods The antibacterial activity of [ ( Phen ) 2 Ru ( dp-pz) ] ( PF6 ) 2 was determined by MIC and MBC value. Based on a fluorescent activity of this complex, the flu-orescent emission spectra was used to analyze the com-bination of complex to DNA. Then the competition combination was analyzed between complex and Gold View to DNA. Lastly, gel electrophoresis of DNA was applied to detect the combination situation between complex and DNA. Results This kind of polypyridyl ruthenium complex showed a significant antibacterial activity with a minimum antibacterial conentration of 0. 2~0. 4 g · L-1 . That was caused by the combina-tion and distortion of DNA due to the activity of this complex. Conclusion The antibacterial activity and the mechanism of antibacterial activity about [ ( Phen) 2 Ru( dppz) ] ( PF6 ) 2 are confirmed in this re-search, which provides a good foundation for the devel-opment of such class of compound.

AIM: The changes of myocardial nuclear membrane Ca 2+ -ATPase function was investigated in ischemia/reperfusion injury. METHODS: The model of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury was established in rats. Myocardial nuclei were purified with sucrose density centrifugation,the activity of Ca 2+ -ATPase was measured and calcium uptake was assayed with [ 45 Ca 2+ ] . RESULTS: Plasma levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and free fatty acid (FFA) in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury increased significantly( P

OBJECTIVE To investigae the gene resistant to quaternary ammonium compounds of multiple drug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii(MDR-ABA).METHODS The quaternary ammonium compounds qacE?1 gene in 20 MDR-ABA strains were detected by PCR.RESULTS The 20 MDR-ABA strains showed multiple resistance,its sensitivity to imipenm was 65% only.Among twenty strains of MDR-ABA qacE?1 gene were all positive.CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that qacE?1 gene were all carred class 1 integron.The chlorhexidine usage in prevnting hospital infection after surgery should be reevaluated.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the ?-lactamases gene of multi-drug resistant Acinetobactor baumannii(MDR-ABA).METHODS The blaTEM,blaSHV,blaPER,blaGES,blaIMP,blaVIM,blaSIM,blaOXA-23,blaADC and blaDHA genes of 20 MDR-ABA strains were detected by PCR.RESULTS Among 20 MDR-ABA strains,18 strains were with positive blaADC,11 strains were with positive blaTEM;the others were negative.Totally 19 strains were with genes correlated to ?-lactam antibiotics.The results indicated that the blaADC DNA sequence was a new subtype type compared with the blaADC sequence which had registered on America GenBank.CONCLUSIONS blaADC Gene and blaTEM gene have spread in the MDR-ABA group and a new blaADC subtype has been found.

Aim Targeted drug delivery in the brain is the necessary way for the treatment of brain diseases. In our study, a new peptide derived from the rabies vi-rus glycoprotein ( RVG-derived peptide, RDP ) was used as a targeted carrier to modify the curcumin stealth liposomes, and their characteristics and brain targeting effect were studied. Methods The curcumin liposomes were prepared by thin film dispersion. The release test in vitro was conducted to investigate their drug release. Curcumin distribution in several organs of mice was investigated by caudal vein injection of curcumin suspension liquid ( CUR ) , curcumin lipo-somes ( CUR-L) , RDP modified curcumin stealth lipo-somes ( RDP-CUR-L) via HPLC assay at different time points. Results The prepared stealth nano liposomes had a size of around 100 nm, and also had a good dis-persion and reproducibility. The entrapment efficiency was larger than 85%. After caudal vein injection of CUR, CUR-L and RDP-CUR-L in mice respectively, no curcumin was detected in brain of CUR group, and only a little was detected in CUR-L group. Neverthe-less, high concentration of curcumin was detected in RDP-CUR-L group. Conclusion RDP can deliver li-posome into the brain, which may provide a new meth-od for the treatment of brain diseases.

Blood-brain barrier (BBB) is the major obstacle for drug delivery into the central nervous system (CNS). However, there is no ideal model animal for the study of BBB permeability till now. Currently zebrafish (Danio rerio) has emerged as a powerful model organism for the study of vertebrate biology. In this study, the feasibility of using zebrafish as model animal was investigated for BBB permeability by comparing the results of administration of BBB-penetrating peptide and protein to mouse and zebrafish. The results showed that the BBBs of mouse and zebrafish were similar in molecular permeability. Additionally, zebrafish has advantageous features as a model animal, such as small size, fertile and easy to breed. Therefore, it is suggested that zebrafish may be a favored model for the study of BBB permeability.