Objective To investigate the genetic damage of dust storm fine particles on human blood lymphocytes. Methods The chromosomal aberration test and cytochalasin B blocked test were used to investigate the effect in vitro of dust storm fine particles (PM2.5) (0, 33, 100, 300 ?g/ml)collected in Baotou and Wuwei cities on human lymphocytes. Results In both dust storm and normal ambient air fine particles treated cells revealed an increase in the chromosomal aberration level and micronuclei frequency (MNF). The chromosomal aberration(CA)were characterized as chromatid break, chromosome break, acentric fragment, dicentric chromosome and gaps. With the increase of treatment concentrations the aberration level and MNF increased and the mitotic index(MI) and the nuclear division index (NDI) values declined in a dose-response manner(P0.05). The treatments of normal ambient air PM2.5 from Baotou City were significant higher than those of Wuwei City, but the treatments of dust storm PM2.5 were not significant different between the cities. Conclusion Dust storm PM2.5 from Baotou City and Wuwei City may cause human lymphocytes genetic damage and its genetic toxicity is related to the dose.

Objective:To seek the short term standardization study nurses training education content and the ap-proach to learning, provide theoretical basis for improving the study effect of nurse training.Methods:Choosing 3 ~6 months in 2014 in our hospital study questionnaire survey was conducted among 114 nurses, questionnaire by general in-formation, content of training needs, demand method of three parts and using SPSS19.0 to analyze the collected data. Results:The 82.7%of study nurses think pre-service training is very necessary.Pre-service training demand of the top three comprises:occupational protection (82.7%), health care, with communication skills (80.0%) and infection prevention and control (78.2%).Refresher training needs during the top three in turn:specialized rescue of critically ill patients and cooperation (88.2%), clinical application and nursing adverse event processing (79.1%), effective communication nurses and patients (79.1%).Demand content score between the different degree and the title of ad-vanced nurse was statistically difference (P<0.05).The training methods, in the first three order practice (89.10%), seminar (74.5%), case analysis and discussion (67.30%).Conclusion:According to the study demand of nurse stand-ardized training content and ways of learning, considering the influence factors such as education, job title, targeted training plan, improve the effect of short-term training.

Objective To assess the effect of hemoperfusion (HP) and hemodiafiltration (HDF) on elimination of para?thyroid hormone (PTH) from plasma in long-term hemodialysis patients.Methods MEDLINE (1966—2013.8), Embase (1974—2013.8), Chinese Wanfang database (1996—2013.8),CNKI(1979—2013.8)and the clinical control test database of Cochrane Library were searched. Published reports, unpublished studies and abstract from conference were retrieved manu?ally, all of which include studies of effect of PTH elimination through hemoperfusion and hemodiafiltration. Quality assess?ment and data mining were conducted by two independent investigators who performed meta-analysis using RevMan 5.2. Re?sults A total of 12 reports (400 patients) met the inclusion criteria and were included in this study. The meta-analysis showed that the elimination rate of PTH in long term hemodialysis patients was similar between using hemoperfusion and us?ing hemodiafiltration(WMD=-0.34,95%CI:-12.66-11.98,P=0.96). What’s more the elimination rate ofβ2-MG were also similar(WMD=-2.92,95%CI:-16.64-10.8,P=0.68)between those two treatments. However,The remission rate of pruritus was higher in patients using HP group than in HDF group(RR=1.33,95%CI:1.08-1.62,P=0.006). Conclusion HP and HDF can effectively clear PTH in chronic hemodialysis patients, but there was no statistically different between the two treat?ment methods.

Objective:To systematically evaluate the predictive value of neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in acute kidney injury (AKI).Methods:All studies about the predictive effect of NLR on AKI were searched in the National Medical Library of the United States PubMed Database, the Embase database in the Netherlands, the Chinese Biology Medicine disc (CBMdisc) and the Chinese Evidence Based Medicine Cochrane Centre Database (CEBM/CCD). The data updated by October 2020, and regardless of language, region or whether blind method was used. Two authors independently extracted data and evaluated the quality of the studies. Data extracted from the studies were analyzed with RevMan 5.3 to assess the predictive value of NLR on AKI. A subgroup Meta-analysis was conducted to assess the predictive value of NLR on AKI according to different countries, different disease types (cardiovascular surgery, infectious diseases, other diseases including burns, cirrhosis, and emergency), and different sample sizes (≤ 300 cases and > 300 cases). The publication bias of included studies about the predictive effect of NLR on AKI were assessed by funnel plots.Results:A total of 11 studies were included in this Meta-analysis, including 4 997 patients, 1 308 patients in AKI group, and 3 689 patients in non-AKI group. The Meta-analysis results showed that: increased NLR had predictive value for the occurrence of AKI [mean difference ( MD) = 2.73, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was 1.78-3.68, P < 0.000 01]. Subgroup analysis showed that increased NLR had predictive value for the occurrence of AKI in patients from Southeast Asia ( MD = 4.04, 95% CI was 1.09-6.99, P = 0.007) and Eurasia ( MD = 2.51, 95% CI was 1.12-3.90, P = 0.000 4). Increased NLR had predictive value for the occurrence of AKI in patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery ( MD = 0.77, 95% CI was 0.34-1.20, P = 0.000 4), infectious diseases ( MD = 4.74, 95% CI was 1.51-7.96, P = 0.004) and other diseases ( MD = 8.53, 95% CI was 6.26-10.80, P<0.000 01). Increased NLR had predictive value for the occurrence of AKI in studies with a sample size of ≤ 300 cases ( MD = 6.02, 95% CI was 4.90-7.14, P <0.000 01) and > 300 cases ( MD = 1.32, 95% CI was 0.61-2.03, P = 0.000 3). There was no significant publication bias in the included studies assessed by funnel plots. Conclusion:NLR is an important predictive tool for AKI.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of cinacalcet on secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Methods Patients with ESRD and SHPT for the treatment with calcimimetic agents were included in this study. MEDLINE (1996.1-2014.9), OVID (1963.1-2014.9), Chinese Wanfang database (1996.1-2014.9), CNKI (1996.1-2014.9) and the clinical control test database of Cochrane Library were searched . Related literature, including published or unpublished papers, and meeting procedding were hand-searched. Quality assessment and data extraction were conducted by two independent investigators. Meta-analysis was conducted by RevMan 5.2. Results Nineteen randomized controlled trials involving 7 702 patients were included. The meta-analysis showed that compared with conventional therapy,cinacalcet can significantly decrease serum parathyroid hormone in dialysis patients [WMD=-301.54 μg/L, 95%CI:(-344.38)-(-258.7)μg/L, P<0.05], decrease serum level of calcium [WMD=-8.3 mg/L, 95%CI:(-9.1)-(-7.4)mg/L, P<0.05], and decrease serum level of phosphorus [WMD=-3.4 mg/L, 95%CI:(-4.6)-(-2.3) mg/L, P<0.05]. The total incidence of adverse events was similar (RR=1.03, 95%CI:0.98-1.09, P>0.05). Cinacalcet increased nausea (RR =2.05, 95%CI :1.53-2.75, P<0.05), vomiting (RR =2.00, 95%CI:1.78-2.23, P<0.05), diarrhea (RR=1.15, 95%CI:1.03-1.30, P<0.05), and asymptomatic hypocalcaemia (RR=7.60, 95%CI:5.61-10.30, P<0.05), but they were usually transient, and mild to moderate in severity. The mortality was similar (RR=0.97, 95%CI:0.89-1.05, P>0.05). Conclusion Results confirm that cinacalcet suppresses parathyroid hormone and decreases calcium and phosphorus in secondary hyperparathyroidism patients receiving dialysis. Cinacalcet increases risks of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and hypocalcaemia,without increasing mortality.

Objective To investigate the protective effect of glutamine(Gln) pretreatment on intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)/nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathway in rat model. Methods Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups(n=10 for each group):sham group, I/R group and Gln group. Animals were pretreated with 1 g/(kg·d)Gln by orogastric route for 7 days in Gln group, and normal saline was given to the other two groups in the same dose. Intestinal I/R was induced by 30 min occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery followed by 24 h of reperfusion. After the operation, the intestinal histopathological changes, the plasma endotoxin level, serum D-lactic acid, eNOS, inducible NOS(iNOS)activity and NO levels were detected by ultraviolet spectrophotometer. The mRNA expressions of myocardial eNOS and iNOS were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-PCR). Results After reperfusion, in IR group, extensive epithelial sloughing and mucosal ulceration of villous tips were observed, whereas these findings did not occur in Gln group and sham group. Compared with IR group, the serum NO, eNOS levels and eNOS mRNA expression of intestinal tissue were elevated in Gln group (P<0.01), but the plasma endotoxin level, serum D-lactic acid, serum iNOS and intestinal iNOS mRNA expression decreased in IR group(P<0.05). Conclusion Glutamine pretreatment has protective effects on intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury in vivo. The mechanism may be related to the inhibition of iNOS expression and the increased expression of eNOS, thereby increasing NO activity.

Objective To develop a PCR-SSP method for detection of HLA-DRB1 alleles in the patients who were hypersensitive to Platanus Acerifolia pollen allergen,and to probe into the association between the atopic subjects to Platanus Acerifolia pollen allergen and HLA-DRB1 alleles.Methods DNA in whole blood was extracted by phenol-chloroform method.Eight pairs of specific primers for alleles were synthesized,and HLA-DRB1*0401,*0402,*0403,*0404,*0405,*0406,*0407,*0408 alleles in 20 atopic patients and 36 healthy individuals of Jiangsu Province with Han nationality were detected by PCR-SSP(polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primer).Results By optimizing the experimental conditions PCR-SSP methods for detection of the 8 alleles were established and the distributing data of above-mentioned HLA DRB1 were obtained.The frequency of HLA DRB1*0405 and *0406 in the patients group was higher than that of in healthy controls group,while the frequency of HLA DRB1*0402 in the patients group was lower than that in controls.No significant deference for the other 5 alleles was found between the 2 groups.Conclusion HLA-DRB1*0406和*0405 seems to be the likely suspected candidate alleles responsible for susceptibility to Platanus Acerifolia pollen allergen in the atopic patients,while DRB1*0402 might be contribute to the related resistance to the allergen.

Objective To evaluate the effect of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) on the remove of inflammatory mediators and the function of endothelial cells in patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Methods Thirty patients with MODS were enrolled in this study. All of the patients underwent CRRT for at least 24 hours. Peripheral blood levels of IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, E-selectin, sVCAM-1, slCAM-1 and PAF-AH were measured at the beginning and 3, 6, 12, 24 h after initiation of CRRT. Results Nineteen patients survived after 14 days and 17 patients survived after 28 days during therapy. The clinical oxygenation and bemodynamics were improved after 6 h of CRRT. Among inflammatory mediators, the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10 rose gradually from the beginning [(462.24±331.03) ng/L, (106.39±90.82) ng/L, (124.51±118.39) ng/L), and reached the peak at 12 h [(887.88±975.46) ng/L, (132.01±118.14) ng/L, (167.01±161.66) ng/L], and the levels of IL-1β, IL-4 decreased from initiation of CRRT. But there were no significant differences in the levels of above cytokines between at the beginning and at the end of CRRT. There were significant differences in the levels of cytokines between survival and death group. The level of IL-6 in death group [(145.45±14.28) ng/L] was significantly higher than that in survival group [(106.03±10.86) ng/L]. The level of IL-10 in death group [(94.93±16.09) ng/L] was significantly lower than that in survival group [(143.06± 12.24) ng/L]. Levels of E-select, sVCAM-1 and sICAM-1 elevated from the beginning and reached the peak at 12 h, but no significant differences were found between intiation and the end of CRRT. The level of PAF-AH increased after initiation, and there was a significant difference between beginning and the end of CRRT. Levels of cytokines for endothelial cell function were significantly different, such as E-selectin [(287.13±42.70) μg/L vs (266.26±65.26) μg/L], sVCAM-I [( 1697.25± 475.24) μg/L vs (1488.10±691.67) μg/L], sICAM-1 [(975.33±142.50) μg/L vs (835.40±332.41) μg/L], and PAF-AH [(9.07±6.38 ) μg/L vs (16.32±8.95)μg/L]. Conclusions Clinical oxygenation and hemodynamics can be improved, and endothelial cell function can be improved partly by CRRT. There were no significant differences of inflammatory mediator levels between initiation and the end of CRRT. IL-6 and IL-10 can be used as predicators for prognosis of MODS patients.

Objective To assess the treatment efficacy and safety of lanthanum carbonate (LC) in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Methods MEDLINE (1996—2014), Embase (1974—2014.12), Pubmed (1996—2014.12), Cochrane library, Chinese Wanfang database (1996—2014.12) and CNKI (1979—2014.12) were searched. Lanthanum carbonate and hemodialysis were used as Chinese and English search terms respectively, and the articles met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were used as supplements. Quality assessment and data mining were conducted by two independent investigators who performed Meta-analysis using RevMan5.2. Results Nine trials with 2 674 participants were included in this study. The Meta-analysis showed that there were similar blood levels of calcium [WMD=-0.24,95%CI:(-0.61)-0.14, P=0.21], phosphorus [WMD=0.14,95%CI:(-0.02)-0.30,P=0.08] and phosphate control rates (RR=0.91,95%CI:0.70-1.17, P=0.44) between control group and lanthanum carbonate group. There were lower incidence rates of hypercalcemia (RR=0.17, 95%CI:0.06-0.47, P=0.000 7) and blood levels of calcium-phosphorus product [WMD=-2.17,95%CI:(-3.99)-(-0.35), P=0.02], and higher levels of parathyroid hormone (iPTH, WMD=105.69, 95%CI:70.38-141.00, P<0.000 01) and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (BAP, WMD=6.47, 95%CI:0.43-12.50, P=0.04) in these two groups. There were no significant differences in incidence rates of gastrointestinal adverse events between two groups. Conclusion Lanthanum carbonate should be used as preferred choice of phosphate binders to control serum phosphorus in patients on maintenance hemodialysis.

Objective To investigate the survival rate in elderly patients with long-term catheters hemodialysis.Methods A total of 127 elderly patients receiving maintained hemodialysis were included in this study.Patients were divided into two groups according to catheter location:long term indwelling internal jugular vein catheter group and long term indwelling vena iliac external catheter group.The baseline anthropometric and laboratory parameters were measured.The catheter dysfunction and catheter related complications were observed.Results The incidence of catheter dysfunction was higher in iliac vein catheter group than in internal jugular vein catheter group (51.5 ％ vs.24.5％,x2 =8.459,P=0.015),and there were no significant differences in the catheter related infection rate and cardiovascular (CVD) event rate between the two groups.Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that mean survival time was lower in vena iliac external catheter group than in internal jugular vein catheter group (1.9 years vs.2.5 years,x2 =10.847,P=0.001),and still was lower after controlling the catheter dysfunction and cardiovascular events (x2 =9.915,P=0.002;x2=4.368,P =0.037).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that levels of hemoglobin,creatinine,systolic blood pressure,parathormone and age were the independent risk factors for mortality in elderly patients with long term catheter hemodialysis.Conclusions There is a high incidence of CVD events in elderly patients with long-term catheter hemodialysis.The incidence of catheter dysfunction is higher and the survival rate is lower in elderly patients with long-term indwelling vena iliac external catheter hemodialysis.