Objective To observe the effects of simultaneous bilateral central venous intubation on chest drainage for bilateral malignant pleural effusion induced by primary non-small lung cancer and summarize the nursing measures. Methods Totally 65 patients with bilateral malignant pleural effusion were randomized into experiment group and control group. In the former group, chest drainage was done using bilateral central venous intubation and in the latter, unilateral chest drainage was used. The two groups were compared in terms of effectiveness rate, time for intubation, remission duration and hospitalization. Results The time for remission duration, hospital stay and time for intubation were all significantly shorter than those of the control group (all P<0.05). There were no significances in curative effect and adverse reactions between the two groups. Conclusion Chest drainage using simultaneous bilateral intubation for bilateral malignant pleural effusion induced by primary non-small lung cancer can be effective in shortening the time for remission, intubation and hospitalization. But it causes no more adverse reaction.

Objective To find out the present situation of hepatitis B infection or immunity in Tianjin city,and to provide the scientific basis for the hepatitis B control and prevention.Methods 2 594 samples were selected with the methods of different proportionate stratified and cluster sampling,and the hepatitis B infection markers were detected by ELISA.Results The positive rates of HBsAg,anti-HBs,anti-HBc and HBV were 2.62％,46.72％,10.60％ and 51.54％.Conclusion Compared with the results in 1992,the positive rates of HBsAg,anti-HBc and HBV were decreased significantly,while the positive rate of anti-HBs increased significandy,which ascribed to the comprehensive measure with the vaccination against hepatitis B as a main strategy for control hepatitis B.

Objective Hepatitis A immunization strategies were carried out in 2001 in Tianjin. We wanted to evaluate the effectiveness of the strategies related to hepatitis A control programs and to provide the basis for further modification of the strategies. Methods Descriptive epidemiology study was used to analyze the hepatitis A epidemic situation in 2000-2011 in Tianjin and to evaluate the disease reporting system. Hepatitis A vaccine coverage of target population and serum epidemiological study were carried out in 1999,2005 and 2010 to check on the hepatitis A antibody levels so as to evaluate the immuno-barrier condition in the normal population. Cox-Stuart test was used to analyze the epidemic trend of hepatitis A and other intestinal infectious diseases in Tianjin. Results The incidence rate of hepatitis A decreased from 2.89/100 000 in 2000 to 0.12/100 000 in 2011,and the percentage of hepatitis A in all types of viral hepatitis decreased from 8.02%in 2000 to 0.48% in 2011 in Tianjin. The positive rates of hepatitis A antibody also increased in the residents. Conclusion The hepatitis A vaccination program was successful in the programs on prevention and control of hepatitis A in Tianjin,China.

OBJECTIVEHepatitis A immunization strategies were carried out in 2001 in Tianjin. We wanted to evaluate the effectiveness of the strategies related to hepatitis A control programs and to provide the basis for further modification of the strategies.

METHODSDescriptive epidemiology study was used to analyze the hepatitis A epidemic situation in 2000-2011 in Tianjin and to evaluate the disease reporting system. Hepatitis A vaccine coverage of target population and serum epidemiological study were carried out in 1999, 2005 and 2010 to check on the hepatitis A antibody levels so as to evaluate the immuno-barrier condition in the normal population. Cox-Stuart test was used to analyze the epidemic trend of hepatitis A and other intestinal infectious diseases in Tianjin.

RESULTSThe incidence rate of hepatitis A decreased from 2.89/100 000 in 2000 to 0.12/100 000 in 2011, and the percentage of hepatitis A in all types of viral hepatitis decreased from 8.02% in 2000 to 0.48% in 2011 in Tianjin. The positive rates of hepatitis A antibody also increased in the residents.

CONCLUSIONThe hepatitis A vaccination program was successful in the programs on prevention and control of hepatitis A in Tianjin, China.

China ; epidemiology ; Epidemics ; prevention & control ; Hepatitis A ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Hepatitis A Antibodies ; blood ; Hepatitis A Vaccines ; administration & dosage ; Humans