The content and thought on gradually exploratory experiment teaching of pharmacology was introduced to research the cultivation of innovative talents and good experiment concept.

Objective To explore the effects of fat emulsion made of fish oil for total parenteml nutrition on patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome(SIRS).Methos Forty patients with SIRS in the intensive care unit(ICU),Liaocheng People's Hospital,from January to June 2007 were randomly divided into conventional total parenteral nutrition(TPN)group(group A,n=20)and fish oil emulsion+TIN group(group B,n=20).Patients of both groups received equal amount of nitrogen and calories.The energy give.Was 20 kcal/(kg·d),and nitrogen 0.2 g/(kg·d)for 7 days and the fish oil emulsion given was 1-2 ml/(kg·d)(Commoditieds:Omegaven,No.UK 1580,Wuxi,China SINO-SWEO Pharmaceutical CORP.Ltd.).The levels of serurn TNF-α,IL-1 and IL-6 were checked before TPN and 1 d,3 d and 7 d after TPN.The davs of ICU stay,the incidence of MODS and the mortality within 28 aays of two groups were also recorded.Data were analyzed wotj inde pent-saraples t test and paired-sarnples t test using the SPSS 10.34 software.Results There wsa no significant difference in APACHF-Ⅱ score between two groups of patients.Compared with group A,the levels of serum TNF-α,IL-1 and IL-6 in group B decreased markedly at different intervals(P<0.05,P<0.01).The duration of ICU slay shortened obviously in group B than that in group A[(11.5±2.4)days vs.(15.8±2.3)days,P<0.05].Conclusions The fat emulsion made of fish oil has protective effects on patients with SIRS by the mechanism of decrease in the levek of Serum TNF-α,IL-1 and IL-6,and thereby reduees the incidence of MODS,shortens the duration of ICU stay,increasing the survival rote of seriously ill patients.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between blood nitrogen monoxide(NO) and PaO2 or PaCO2 levels in patients with severe and moderate acute carbon monoxide poisoning.

METHODThe blood levels of NO in patients with severe and moderate acute carbon monoxide poisoning was assayed with nitrate reductase method, and its correlation with the blood levels of PaO2 and PaCO2 was analyzed.

RESULTSThe blood level of NO in patients with severe and moderate acute carbon monoxide poisoning were (36.6 +/- 9.9) and (35.7 +/- 10.7) mumol/L respectively, significantly lower than that of control group[(64.9 +/- 14.3) mumol/L, P < 0.01], but there was no significant difference between moderate and severe patients(P > 0.05). The analysis of linear correlation showed that there was significant positive correlation between NO and PaO2 but not PaCO2.

CONCLUSIONAnoxia of patients with acute carbon monoxide poisoning may be an important cause to reduce NO level in blood. This study provides the basis for low NO concentration inhalation in treatments of acute carbon monoxide poisoning.

Acute Disease ; Carbon Dioxide ; blood ; Carbon Monoxide Poisoning ; blood ; Humans ; Nitric Oxide ; blood ; Oxygen ; blood

Objective: To observe the therapeutic efficacy of alanyl glutamine injection on patients with gastrointestinal function obstacle caused by severe phorate poisoning. Methods: A total of 80 eligible patients with gastrointestinal function obstacle caused by severe phorate poisoning were randomly divided into the control group (n=40) and treatment group (n=40) . The control group was treated with the conventional therapy, which included forbidden diet, atropine, pralidoxime iodide, anti-inflammatory, albumin infusion, ω-3 fish oil fat emulsion, protection of organs function, blood perfusion, and Fat Emulsion, Amino Acids (17) and Glucose Injection. The treatment group was treated with alanyl glutamine injection plus the conventional therapy. To observe the time of recovering to normal of gastrointestinal function between the two groups, compared the AChE activity and changes of prealbumin, albumin and total protein of the two groups respectively. Furthermore, the total atropine dosage, the total pralidoxime iodide dosage and ICU stay time between the two groups were also compared. Results: The gastrointestinal function recovery time of patients in the treatment group was less than the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) . From the third day of treatment, the serum cholinesterase activity of the treatment group was higher than the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05) . On the 5th day and 10th day of the treatment, the prealbumin, albumin and total protein of the treatment group were significantly higher than these indexes of the control group in the same period, the difference were statistically significant (P<0.05) . The total atropine dosage, the total pralidoxime iodide dosage and ICU stay time in the treatment group were lower than the control group, the difference were statistically significant (P<0.05) . Conclusion Alanyl glutamine injection has a great therapeutic effect for gastrointestinal function obstacle patients caused by severe phorate poisoning.

Objective:To understand the needs of end-stage cancer patients for hospice care, so as to provide a basis for the development of human-centered quality nursing services in hospice care.Methods:13 patients with end-stage cancer in tumor ward were interviewed by personal in-depth interview, and the data were sorted and analyzed by Colaizzi's seven-step analysis method.Results:A total of four themes of hospice care needs of patients with end-stage cancer were extracted. The need to maintain self-subject: the desire to maintain self-efficacy and self-image of dignity in life; the need to relieve the symptoms of self-discomfort. The need to relieve the physical symptoms and psychological discomfort. Meet the needs of self-determination: participate in medical care decisions and choose comfortable social relationships. Express their own emotional needs: the past farewell and remembrance and future wish to achieve the expectationsConclusions:Patients with end-stage cancer have diverse needs for hospice care. In clinical work, medical staff should adhere to the people-oriented concept, explore patients' needs and preferences, and implement individualized quality nursing measures to meet patients' needs for hospice care.

With the development of modern medical technology,accurate resection of tumor and timely repair and repair of defective tissues and organs are important concerns in the field of tumor research.The precise excision of tumor,refers to the preoperative assessment of systemic and local detection based on detailed to personalized surgical planning,the use of precise operation in operation,ensure as much as possible while minimizing surgical trauma to patients after removal of the lesions,creating the optimal conditions of recovery for trauma patients.Repair and regeneration of defective tissues and organs refers to the deletion or damage of tissues and organs,and gradually resume its anatomical structure and function process under the action of a variety of cells,extracellular mechanisms and related regulatory factors.Then from the tumor resection,tumor resection and accurate regeneration after three point repair technology to change rapidly in the tissue of tumor plastic organ regeneration in tissue of origin.

Objective To explore the differences in autophagic expression levels between hypertrophic scar (HS) tissue and normal skin tissue,and further investigate the relationship between hypertrophic scar formation and autophagy protein expression through the rabbit ear hypertrophic scar model.Methods 30 patients with hypertrophic scar were collected.One hypertrophic scar tissue and one normal skin tissue were harvested.The relative expressions of LC3,P62 and Beclin-1 in each tissue specimen were detected by immunohistochemistry and Western blot.Western blot was used to detect the autophagic-associated protein LC3 (MAPLC3),P62 and Beclin-1 in the hypertrophic scar tissue of rabbit ear and the corresponding normal tissue of rabbit ears at 4 weeks,8 weeks,12 weeks,and 24 weeks,and further explore their clinical significance.Results In vivo,the expression of hypertrophic scar tissue protein LC3 and Beclin-1 was significantly stronger than that in normal skin tissue (P ＜ 0.05).The expression of P62 was significantly weaker than that in normal skin tissue (P ＜ 0.05).In animal experiments,during the process of HS formation,the protein expression of LC3 gradually increased,while the protein expression of P62 gradually decreased;the protein expression of Beclin-1 was higher than that of normal rabbit ears tissue,with statistically significant differences (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The expression of LC3 and Beclin-1 in human hypertrophic scar tissues is higher than that in normal tissues.While the expression of P62 is lower than that in normal tissues.That is,the expression of autophagy in human hypertrophic scar tissue showed an upward trend in a certain period of time,and was significantly higher than that in normal tissue.

Objective: To study the the application characteristics of paediatric CT examination by investigating four main children′s hospital of Shanghai. Methods: All the CT scan cases of paediatric patients in this work were obtained from the radiology information system (RIS) database in four hospitals between 2011 and 2014. The distribution of using CT scans was analysed according to the age, gender, anatomical regions and the duplicated cases of the patient, then estimated the paediatric CT scan rates of four hospitals in Shanghai. Results: Retrospective review of RIS showed 249 350 CT examinations from 175 672 young patients were performed between 2011 and 2014 in the surveyed hospitals. More males (62%) were scanned than females (38%). The majority of children receiving the examinations were 1 to 5 years old, which amounted to 40.3% in all. Cardiac CT accounted for 14.5% among all children of ≤1 year old CTs and accounted for 63.0% among all cardiac CT scans. There were 33 634 (19.1%) individuals who had received 2 or more CT scans during the four years. The estimated paediatric CT scan frequencies of four hospitals in Shanghai from 2011 to 2014 were 37.9 examinations per 1 000 population in 2011, 43.3 examinations per 1 000 population in 2012, 43.3 examinations per 1 000 population in 2013 and 39.0 examinations per 1 000 population in 2014. Conclusions The CT scan frequencies of four hospitals in children and young adults was almost keeping stable in Shanghai.