Objective To explore the best anticoagulant ratio in SD rats .To analyse the influence of insufficient blood specimens volume on coagulation tests .Methods 60 rats were divided into 2 groups.According to the method of vacuum blood, collect abdominal aortic blood after fasting 12 hours.The first group 20 rats were used only for routine blood test.Fully automatic hematology analyzer detected hematocrit and platelet .The second group 40 rats were used for coagulation test .Every rat was collected 2 blood specimens with different anticoagulant ratio [ the proportion of sodium citrate anticoagulation and the whole blood (vlume∶volume)]1∶9(the control group)and 1∶5( the experimental group),1∶8( the experimental group) and 1∶7( the experimental group).Get plasma without platelet through centrifugation.Fully automatic blood coagulation analyzer detected prothrombin time , activated partial thromboplatin time , thrombin time and Fibrinogen.Results HCT (%) and PLT (x 109/L) in SD rats were respectively 41.7 ±2.9 and 1114 ±173.As anticoagulant ratio was increased ,PT, APTT and TT were extended and FIB was decreased .Compared with the control group ,these PT,APTT,TT,FIB four results of 1∶8 group were not statistically different , of 1∶5 group were statistically different, these PT,APTT,FIB three results of 1∶7 group were not statistically different , TT of 1∶7 group was statistically different.Conclusions The detection of coagulation project coagulation test results were affected by the proportion of anticoagulant and blood .1∶9 was the best anticoagulant ratio in SD rats , 1∶8 can also.Rat had its unique physiological characteristics .The results could provide reference for the evaluation of rats .

ObjectiveTo evaluate clinical significance of serum free light chains (sFLC) in diagnosis and response to the therapies of patients with multiple myeloma (MM).MethodssFLC (κ,λ and κ / λ ratio)were examed by immumoassay from 62 patients with MM at different stage. The results were analyzed associated with clinical data,and 35 cases of chronic renal failure(CRF)patients and 62 cases of healthy donors were taken as controls.ResultsMedium sFLC of normal κ value was (13.25±6.46) mg/L,λ value was (18.39±11.42) mg/L; and κ / λ ratio was (0.97±0.64) mg/L (range 0.33-1.61).sFLC κ and λ of CRF patients were (200.01±299.87) mg/L,(191.02±245.98) mg/L,significantly higher than that of the normal control group (t =-17.804,-16.894,both P ＜ 0.001),but the κ/λ ratio was at normal range (1.11±0.29).κ value range was at 16.20- 35 250 mg/L in newly diagnosed intact immunoglobulin MM patients with IgGκ,IgAκ and IgDκ type.The range of λ values was 15.70-4885 mg/L in IgGλ,IgAλ,IgDλ type,and κ/λ ratio was abnormal in 96.5 ％ (55/57) patients (＜0.5 or ＞1.5).The κ,λ value and κ/λ ratio were close to that of the normal after remmision.ConclusionsFLC ( κ,λ,and κ / λ ratio) are very good monitoring markers for MM.

Objective To investigate the chemical constituents in the whole plant of Hedyotis corymbosa.Methods The compounds were isolated by column chromatography,pre-TLC,and recrystallization.Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods.Results Thirteen compounds were isolated and identified as(+)-lyoniresinol-3?-O-?-D-glucopyranoside(Ⅰ),quercetin(Ⅱ),esculetin(Ⅲ),scopoletin(Ⅳ),hedyotiscone A(Ⅴ),p-hydroxybenzoic acid(Ⅵ),protocatechuic acid(Ⅶ),vanillic acid(Ⅷ),syringic acid(Ⅸ),(+)-vomifoliol(Ⅹ),(-)-dihydrovomifoliol(Ⅺ),S-(+)-dehydrovomifoliol(ⅩⅡ),and alizarin 1-methyl ether(ⅩⅢ),respectively.Conclusion Compounds Ⅰ—ⅩⅢ are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Objective To study the effect on the environmental radioactivity level and the health of the residents in Shanghai when Qinshan Nuclear Power Station(QNPS) has been in normal operational condition for 17 years. Methods The field monitoring and the sampling analytical method were used for monitoring the radioactivity level in outdoor environment, drinking water, food and soil. Results The outdoor natural radiation level and the radioactivity level in the sample of the environmental media were on the normal background level. There was no distinct change in the environmental radiation level of Jinshan Area when QNPS was in normal operational condition. The radioactivity level in the environmental media was far lower than the limit values specified by the national standard GB. The effective dose of the outdoor natural external exposure for the residents is about 0.102 mSv/a and the effective dose of the internal exposure from the artificial radionuclides 90Sr and 137Cs in food for the residents is about 0.488 μSv/a. Conclusions There is no effect of the radioactive contamination on the environmental radioactivity level and the health of the residents in Shanghai when QNPS has been in normal operational condition for 17 years.

BACKGROUND:Bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7) can induce bone and cartilage formationin vivo, and induce chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal cels in muscles and around the vessels.
OBJECTIVE:To observe the structure of domestic tantalum-muscle interface fibrous capsule, growth of muscle and smal blood vessels into the porous tantalum and the ability of ectopic osteogenesis after implantation of porous tantalum loaded with BMP-7 into the erector spinae of rabbits.
METHODS: Porous tantalum slices loaded with BMP-7 (experimental group) and porous tantalum slices (control group) were implanted into the erector spinae muscle of New Zealand white rabbits. And the porous tantalum slices with surrounding muscle tissues about 0.5 cm thick were removed at 2, 4, 8 weeks after implantation, and observed under scanning electron microscope for hematoxylin eosin staining, Masson staining and hard tissue slice observation.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) Hematoxylin-eosin staining: Fibrous capsule formation was observed around the materials in the two groups, and with the extension of time, the fibrous capsules were slightly dense, and thinned. There was no obvious inflammatory reaction in the interface between the material and the muscle. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the fibrous capsules thickness. (2) Scanning electron microscope: 2 weeks after the surgery, a smal amount of colagen and muscle fibers were formed in the porous tantalum pores in the two groups, and some of colagen fibers attached to the pore wals. At 8 weeks after the surgery, al the pores of porous tantalum were ful of muscle fibers that were combined with the pore wal closely. There was no significant difference between the two groups. (3) Hard tissue slices: 2 weeks after the surgery, a smal amount of fibroblast cels and muscle fibers grew into the pores of porous tantalum in the two groups and new capilaries grew into the pores of porous tantalum in the experimental group. At 8 weeks after the surgery, the porous tantalum and al the pores were ful of muscle fibers that were combined with the pore wal closely, the number of smal blood vessels and cels decreased, and the tantalum and the muscle were fused closely. (4) Masson staining: 8 weeks after the surgery, a large number of mesenchymal cels, ossein and cartilage matrix formed in the muscle gaps and a few cartilage bone tissues were formed in the experimental group, but no cartilage was found in the control group. The study showed that porous tantalum carrying BMP-7 has good biocompatibility and osteogenic induction ability. Subject headings: Tantalum; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7; Tissue Engineering.

Objective To investigate the characteristics and the correlative factors of constipation in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients.Methods The demographic information,clinical features and history of medications of 193 patients with idiopathic PD consulting in the outpatient department of the First Affiliated Hospital,Anhui Medical University were collected.Patients were evaluated using following scales:Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale Ⅲ (UPDRS Ⅲ),Hoehn-Yahr stage,Bristol Scoring Scale,Cleveland Constipation Scoring Scale (CCS),Scale for Outcomes in PD-autonomic for Autonomic Symptoms,Simple Food Frequency Questionnaire,Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD),Mini Mental State Examination.The patients were divided into constipation group and non-constipation group based on Rome Ⅲ Criteria for Diagnosis of Functional Constipation,and the correlative factors of constipation were compared and analyzed between the two groups.The severity of constipation and influencing factors were also compared between patients with early onset constipation (occurred before present of motor symptoms) and patients with late onset constipation (occurred after present of motor symptoms).The impacts of anti-PD medication adjustments on constipation were assessed by observing the alteration of constipation severity in 41 PD patients.Results The incidence of constipation was 56.4％ (109/193) in our cohort of PD patients,and 21.1％ (23/109) of constipation was severe according to the assessing by CCS.The spectrum of constipation symptoms included defecation straining (89.9％,98/109),poor stool output (67.9％,74/ 109),reduced stool frequency (63.3％,69/109) and dryness of stool (60.5％,66/109).The age,disease duration,scores of Hoehn-Yahr stage,UPDRS Ⅲ and HAMD,levodopa equivalent dose (LED),frequency of urination disturbance in constipation group were significantly higher than those in nonconstipation group,while the daily quantities of vegetable and water intake in constipation group were significantly lower than those in non-constipation group.Age and HAMD scores were the independent risk factors of constipation (OR=1.049,95％ CI 1.014-1.086,P=0.006;OR=1.316,95％ CI 1.185-1.461,P =0.000).Among the 109 constipation patients,the course of PD,scores of Hoehn-Yahr stage,UPDRSⅢ and LED were positively correlated with the severity of constipation (r =0.269,0.338,0.315,0.341,0.371,all P ＜ 0.05),with HAMD score being the independent risk factor of constipation severity (OR =1.175,95％ CI 1.044-1.322,P ＜ 0.05).The severity of constipation and risk factors of constipation in patients with early onset constipation were not distinct from those with late onset constipation.Conclusions The incidence of constipation increases with the increment of age,disease duration,Hoehn-Yahr stage,UPDRS Ⅲ scores,LED,HAMD scores,urination disorder severity and the decrement of daily water and vegetable intakes.The severity of constipation is positively related to the severity of motor symptoms,the daily dose of anti-PD drugs and depression levels.PD patients with early onset constipation are not distinct from the patients with late onset constipation in terms of severity and risk factors.The influences of anti-PD drugs on constipation are variable depending on the specific drug used and individual constitution.Individualized treatment regimes are proposed with respect to the management of constipation according to the specific risk factors in PD patients.

Objective:To explore the relationship among cardioversion ,cerebral infarction (CI) and N terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT‐proBNP) level in patients with heart failure (HF) complicated atrial fibrillation (AF) . Methods :A total of 150 HF + AF patients received intravenous drip of amiodarone for cardioversion therapy .Ac‐cording to cardioversion results ,they were divided into cardioversion group (n=100 ) and non‐cardioversion group (n=50) ,NT‐proBNP level change was observed in two groups before and after cardioversion .According to CI on‐set or not ,patients were divided into CI group (n=20) and non‐CI group (n= 130) ,NT‐proBNP level was com‐pared between two groups before and after onset .Results :Within 48h after administration ,a total of 100 patients (66.67% ) recovered to sinus rhythm .Compared with before cardioversion ,NT‐proBNP level significantly reduced [(967.04 ± 366.16) pg/ml vs .(496.21 ± 142.54) pg/ml] after cardioversion in cardioversion group ,and was signifi‐cantly lower than that of non‐cardioversion group (996.76 ± 351.28) pg/ml , P<0.01 all . In CI group ,compared with small size CI group ,there were significant rise in NT‐proBNP level [ (784.21 ± 231.26) pg/ml vs .(1983.24 ± 32.96) pg/ml ,(3562.19 ± 1468.32) pg/ml] in medium and large size CI group , P< 0.05 or <0.01 .Conclusion:NT‐proBNP level at hospitalization possesses predictive value for drug cardioversion effect in HF + AF patients . NT‐proBNP level is related with CI onset .After acute CI ,the higher NT‐proBNP level is ,the larger infarct size is , the poorer prognosis is .

Objective: To evaluate the effect of low-dose hormone replacement therapy（HRT）on menopausal-related symptoms in young patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma. Methods: From March 2016 to September 2018,eighty patients aged 45 years below with cervical squamous cell carcinoma of stage Ⅰ-Ⅱ and iatrogenic menopause were recruited,who were diagnosed at Zhejiang Cancer Hospital and Women's Hospital Affiliated to Medical College of Zhejiang University. Fourty of them performed low dose HRT（1 mg estradiol valerate a day or 1.25 mg tibolone a day）,twenty performed standard dose HRT（1 mg estradiol valerate and 1.25 mg tibolone a day）,another twenty do not perform HRT as a control group. The levels of follicle stimulating hormone（FSH）,estradiol（E2）,menopausal symptoms（the improved Kupperman score）and incidence of side effects were assessed before and 1,3,6 months after the intervention. Results: There were significant differences in E2 levels,FSH levels and improved Kupperman scores among the low dose group,the standard dose group and the control group（all P<0.05）. With the extension of intervention time,E2 levels in the low dose group and the standard dose group increased first and then decreased,FSH levels and improved Kupperman scores decreased（all P<0.05）. Compared with the control group,E2 levels,FSH levels and improved Kupperman scores in the standard dose group changed more significantly（all P<0.05）. E2 and FSH levels in the low dose group changed less than that in the standard dose group（all P<0.05）,while improved Kupperman scores was close to that in the standard dose group. The incidence rate of side effects in the low dose group was 2.50%,which was lower than 20.00% in the standard dose group（P<0.05）. Conclusion For young patients with cervical squamous cell carcinoma,using low dose HRT may less affects E2 and FSH levels than using the standard dose,but could achieve similar effects in treatment of menopausal-related symptoms.

Objective:To investigate the characteristics of diagnostic radiology and the situation of repeated examinations at medical institutions of Jinshan district, and put forward strategies and suggestions for the correct guidance on and reasonable applications of various medical exposures.Methods:The cases data on radiological examinations at medical institutions in Jinshan district, obtained in 2017 from Shanghai Municipal Health Commission Information Center Platform, was used to describe the characteristics of population distribution of patients, examination types, examination areas, diagnosed diseases, number of repeated examinations and the result of radiological examinations.Results:The main types of radiological examinations in Jinshan district were the CT scans and the conventional X-ray diagnosis, accounted respectively for 53.2% and 44.7% of the total radiological examinations. The radiological examinations were mainly performed on household registration (77.3%). The number of radiological examinations on males was close to on females, with examination frequency of 49.4% for males and 50.1% for females. The greatest frequency of radiological examinations was found in the age group older than 41 years, accounting for 77.1% of CT scans and 65.2% of the conventional X-ray diagnosis. The main examination sites of the CT scans at Jinshan medical institutions were chest (32.8%), abdomen (19.4%), brain (16.1%) and spine (11.4%), and for the conventional X-ray diagnosis were chest (43.2%) and limbs (39.6%). The main departments applying for radiological examinations are surgery (39.7%) and medicine (27.1%). The numbers of radiological examinations are, respectively, diseases of the respiratory system (19.8%), the injury, poisoning and some other consequences of external causes (15.8%), and the diseases of musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (15.8%). The positive rate of the conventional X-ray diagnosis was 53.1%, and the positive rate of CT scans was 73.5%. The conventional X-ray diagnosis and CT scans contributed higher specific rates of repeated examinations, accounting for 9.3% and 7.9% of the total of such type examination, respectively.Conclusions:CT scans in Jinshan district accounted for more than half of the total frequency of radiological examinations, therefore, interventions should be imposed on certain types of phycians and patients types.

Purpose:The study was designed to investigate the feasibility of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in the differentiation of benign and malignant adnexal masses.Materials and Methods:Sixty-nine consecutive patients with adnexal masses received trans vaginal contrast-enhanced ultrasound.The image and perfusion features were assessed.Results:All of 26 malignant tumors showed detectable contrast enhancement,including 24 cases with a quick,heterogeneous or branching pattern.Among 39 benign lesions,24 were cystic with circle or half-circle enhancement,including 5 cases with intra-cystic septum or papillae slightly enhanced.The other 15 cases were solid,8 of them had slightly dotted enhancement.There are significant difference in enhancement patterns between benign and malignant masses ( P < 0.0001).The 4 cases of borderline tumors showed progressive,heterogeneous enhancement.Conclusion:Contrast-enhanced ultrasound is of value in the differentiation of benign and malignant adnexal masses.