〔Abstract〕 Taking some college and university libraries in China and the United States as investigation objects, based on internet and literature investigation methods, the paper compares the situation of embedded subject service in the US and China from the aspects of embedded in learning environment of students, embedded in teaching environment of teachers, embedded in scientific research environ-ment of users, etc.Then it points out the shortage and gives some suggestions for embedded subject service in Chinese college and univer-sity libraries.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the dispensing of prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine.METHODS:According to the dispensing procedure of Chinese traditional medicine and the principle of drug use,the problems occurred during Chinese traditional medicine dispensing were pointed out and analyzed.RESULTS:The problems occurred in the dispensing of prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine were mainly resulted from doctors,pharmacists and nurses' lack of basic rationale or they had no intimate knowledge of operation regulations.These problems can be avoided if with efforts.CONCLUSION:Only through strictly following the prescription of Chinese traditional medicine can the quality and efficacy of Chinese drugs dispensing be guaranteed.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for systematic reform in national state-owned hospital.METHODS:System reforms of township hospitals in Zhangjiagang were analyzed.Then three kinds of reform modes were summarized including privatization,town-owned-town-management and sino-foreign joint venture.Reform effects were also discussed.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:The achievement that the reformed township hospitals have made in Zhangjiagang in improving the medical insurance and pharmaceutical management system,reforming hospital management system and operation mechanism and creating a harmonious relationship between doctor and patient can provide a reference for domestic state-owned hospital reform.

Objective To explore ways and means to improve the investigator compliance through the evaluation and analysis of the investigator compliance of TCM clinical research projects of chronic diseases. Methods Totally 28 studies from the project Chinese medicine clinical study on prevention and treatment of chronic disease started in 2010 or 2011 and ended in 2015 were collected. The investigator compliance was analyzed by the evaluation form, which were drafted by quality control core team of TCM projects of chronic diseases, as research method performance, compliance of subjects inclusion and exclusion, integrity, accuracy and normalization of case report form in final quality evaluation for TCM clinical research on chronic diseases. Results There were 19 excellent studies according to investigator compliance, accounting for 67.9%, including 3 studies with ten score, accounting for 10.7%. There were 8 good studies according to investigator compliance, accounting for 28.6%. There was 1 study up to standard, accounting for 3.6%. 11 studies included unreasonable changes in the record during the process of implementation. 12 studies included missing in the filling of research records during the process of implementation. Conclusion In general, 28 studies of TCM linical research projects for chronic diseases show high investigator compliance. The existing problems are mainly found in the integrity and normalization of research records.

This paper sampled 79 TCM hospitals above county level in Jiangsu Province for research.With hospital ownership,board governance and hospital directors as three dimension of internal governance structure,the multiple regression model was used to investigate the impact of such structure on its social responsibility performance.Education level,number of hospital directors,and their values are found to be significant factors on their social responsibility performance.

Objective To investigate the clinic-pathological characteristics and prognosis of 48 female cases with peritoneal pseudomyxoma(PMP).Methods The clinicopathologic features and follow-up data of 48 female patients with PMP diagnosed in the General Hospital of People's Liberation Army from Jan.1982 to Dec.2011 were retrospectively reviewed.The relationship between clinic-pathological characteristics and prognosis were analyzed using log-rank test and Cox proportional hazards model.Results (1) Clinicopathologic features:the mean age of the 48 cases was 58.8 years (range from 24 to 79 years).Symptoms:abdominal distention and abdominal discomfort were the main symptoms.Imaging examinations showed nonspecific abdominal and pelvic lesions in most cases.Treatment:all the 48 patients underwentlaparotomy and cytoreductive surgery (CRS),in which 15 (31％) patients with completeness of the cancer resection (CCR)-1,24(50％) cases with CCR-2,and CCR-3 in 9(19％) cases.Six (12％) cases were treated by intraoperative hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) with cisplatin,20 (42％) patients were treated with different options postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy.Pathological types:the cases were histologically classified into 3 subcategories:disseminated peritoneal adenomucinosis (DPAM),peritoneal mucinous carcinomatosis (PMCA),and PMCA with intermediate or discordant features (PMCA-I/D),which were 22 (46％) cases,9 (19％) cases and 17 (35％) cases,respectively.Appendiceal tumors:44(92％) cases underwent appendectomy,in which 38 cases presented appendiceal tumors (including 20 cases of low-grade appendiceal mucinous adenoma and 18 cases of appendiceal mucinous adenocarcinoma),2 cases were diagnosed as appendicitis,4 cases with unknown pathologic diagnosis.And the other 4(8％) cases,who didn't undergo appendectomy at the first operation,presented peritoneal tumor recurrence and appendiceal mucinous tumors 1,11,32 and 85 months after surgery,respectively.Parenchymal organs involved:ovarian involving was happened in 34 (71％)patients including 15 cases with the right ovary involving,13 cases in both sides,and 6 cases involving the left side.The other parenchymal organs in 10(21％) cases.(2) Prognostic factors:11 patients died,31 survived and 6 cases were lost to follow-up.The mean survival time was 99 months(ranged from 1 to 312 months).The 3-year,5-year and 10-year survival rates were 73.3％,68.0％ and 46.6％,respectively.Univariate statistical analysis showed that age,pathological type and parenchymal involvement were significantly relationship with the survival time (all P ＜ 0.05).But the operation times,appendiceal tumor type,ovarian involvement,CCR,intraperitoneal HIPEC and post-operative adjuvant chemotherapy were not significantly correlate with survival time (all P ＞ 0.05).Multivariate analysis showed that age and pathologic type were independent prognostic factors (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions No specific clinical features presented in PMP.CRS with HIPEC should the recommended treatment.Both ovaries exploration and appendectomy should be carried out routinely in CRS.The 10-year overall survival of PMP is low.Age,pathological type and parenchymal organs involvement other than ovarian are correlated with the prognosis.And the pathological type and age are independent prognostic factors of PMP.

Background Our previous study demonstrated that microglial activation is closely associated with photoreceptor apoptosis in rd mice.Recent studies on central nervous system (CNS) showed that activation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase plays a key role in the microglia activation and neural cell death.However,the mechanism of NADPH oxidase during the retinal degeneration and the effect of NADPH oxidase inhibitor on photoreceptor apoptosis are concerned.Objective The aim of this study was to further explore the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by NADPH oxidase in the retinal degenerative process of rd mice and protection of NADPH oxidase inhibitor on photoreceptors.Methods Sixty rd mice at postnatal day 9 (P9) were randomized into the experimental group and the control group by throwing coins method.Apocynin,a NADPH oxidase inhibitor,was intraperitoneally injected in the dose of 10 mg/kg (0.01 ml/kg) once daily for 5 days (P13) in the experimental group,and the equal amount of PBS was used in the same way in the control group,and 10 C57BL/6N mice without injection of any drugs served as the wild type mice group.All the mice were sacrificed in P14 for the preparation of retinal sections.The expression of ROS in the retina was detected by dihydroethidium (DHE) fluorescence staining.Expression level of rhodopsin mRNA in the photoreceptor of the mice was determined by real-time PCR,and the thickness of retinal outer nuclear layer (ONL) in the mice of the experimental group and the control group was measured using hematoxylin & eosin staining.The use and care of the animals complied with the Statement of Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology.Results DHE staining showed that the ROS presented with the red fluorescence in the mouse retinas.In the rd mice of the experimental group,the ROS fluorescence intensity was dramatically enhanced in comparison with C57BL/6N mice,but weakened in comparison with the rd mice of the control group.Real-time PCR revealed that the relative expressing level of rhodopsin mRNA in the photoreceptor was (4.21±0.33) in the experimental group and (0.93±0.24) in the control group,showing a significant difference between them (t =2.360,P =0.000).The thickness value of retinal ONL was (35.95±1.63)μm in the mice of the experimental group,which was significantly higher than that in the mice of the control group ([23.17±1.38] μm) (t=3.850,P=0.016).Conclusions In the retinal degeneration of rd mice,activation of NADPH oxidase increases the ROS production.Apocynin can slow the apoptosis procedure of photoreceptor cells of rd mice.

The clinical features, electroneurophysiology, neuroimaging and gene characteristics of one case of early adult-onset dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy (DRPLA) with an onset of epilepsy were reported. The female patient had the onset manifestation of epilepsy. Whereafter, she progressively developed marked cerebellar ataxia, mental retardation and choreic movement. Electroencephalography showed that there were multiple complex slow waves in the whole brain cortex. Magnetic resonance imaging showed the patient had marked atrophies in the cerebral cortex, brainstem and cerebellum. Atrophin-1 gene detection revealed that the numbers of CAG repeats were 15/65 (the patient) and 14/54 (her father) respectively. Her father had no clinical manifestations until now. The mother and brother were normal. DRPLA has diverse clinical presentation,heterogeneous phenotypic spectrum, early adult-onset DRPLA is rare, and the specific gene detection can be helpful for a definitive diagnosis.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the plasma galectin-3 level and the severity of cerebral artery atherosclerosis as well as the prognosis of patients with large artery atherosclerosis (LAA) stroke.Methods According to the TOAST classification,105 patients with LAA stroke,50 patients with small artery occlusion (SAO) stroke,33 patients with asymptomatic cerebral artery stenosis,and 60 healthy controls were enrolled.The plasma galectin-3 level was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.According to the number of cerebral arteries with atherosclerosis,the LAA group was divided into single-branch lesions group (n =30),double-branch lesions group (n =30) and multi-branch lesions group (n =45).Plasma galectin-3 levels were compared among the three subgroups,and the associations between galectin-3 and the severity of cerebral atherosclerosis were analyzed.The LAA group patients were followed up for three months,and the value of galectin-3 on predicting the prognosis of patients with LAA stroke was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the modified Rankin scale (mRS) scores.Results The plasma galectin-3 level in LAA group ((13.64 ± 3.08) ng/ml) was significantly higher than in SAO group ((12.20 ± 2.88) ng/ml) and control group ((11.89 ± 2.93) ng/ml;t =2.790,3.617,P =0.006,0.000).Besides,the plasma galectin-3 level in asymptomatic stenosis group ((13.94 ± 2.89) ng/ml) was significantly higher than in SAO group and control group (t =2.695,3.238,P =0.009,0.002).However,the differences between asymptomatic stenosis group and LAA group,SAO group and control group were not statistically significant.In LAA group,the plasma galectin-3 level in multi-branch lesions group ((15.02 ±2.94) ng/ml) was significantly higher than in double-branch lesions group ((13.47 ± 2.88) ng,/ml) and single-branch lesions group ((11.73 ± 2.43) ng/ml;t =2.261,5.080,P =0.027,0.000).The plasma galectin-3 level in double-branch lesions group was significantly higher than in single-branch lesions group (t =2.532,P =0.014).The plasma galectin-3 level and the range of atherosclerosis and mRS scores were positively correlated (r =0.433,0.629;P =0.000,0.000).The area under the ROC curve of plasma galectin-3 level and prognosis was 0.812 (95％ CI O.726-0.897,P =0.000).Conclusions The plasma galectin-3 level was found associated with the severity of cerebral artery atherosclerosis,but not with acute onset of LAA and SAO stroke.Galectin-3 may be involved in the inflammatory pathogenesis and development of cerebral atherosclerosis,and may have the potential to become a plasma marker for evaluating the severity of cerebral artery atherosclerosis and judging the prognosis of patients with LAA stroke.

AIM:To investigate the effects of angiotensin II ( Ang II) on the immune maturation and the oxi-dized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL)-uptaking capacity of human monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DCs).METH-ODS:Human peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated by density gradient centrifugation , and the monocytes were purified by positive selection with anti-CD14 magnetic beads.After cultured with rhGM-CSF (100 μg/L) and rhIL-4 (50μg/L) for 5 d, the monocytes differentiated into immature DCs .On the 6th day of the culture, the cells were treated with various concentration levels of Ang II or pretreated with losartan .The immunophenotypic expression of HLA-DR and CD83 was analyzed by flow cytometry .The secretion levels of IL-12 and IFN-γin the culture supernatants were measured by ELISA.Furthermore, DCs were incubated with DiI-labelled Ox-LDL.The DiI-Ox-LDL-incorporated fraction was investiga-ted by flow cytometry .The mRNA expression of 3 scavenger receptors , scavenger receptor A ( SR-A) , CD36 and lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor 1 (LOX-1), was examined by real-time PCR.RESULTS: Ang II induced the maturation of human monocyte-derived DCs, stimulated the expression of CD83 and HLA-DR, and promoted the secre-tion of IL-12 and IFN-γ, which were suppressed by losartan .Furthermore, Ang II increased the Ox-LDL-uptaking capacity of DCs, which was partially reduced by losartan .The incubation of DCs with Ang II enhanced the mRNA expression of LOX-1 in a dose-dependent manner , which was reduced by losartan .However, the expression of SR-A and CD36 was not changed .CONCLUSION:Ang II promotes the immune maturation of human monocyte-derived DCs and increases the up-take of Ox-LDL probably through the up-regulation of LOX-1 expression.