Laboratory animal science teaching has become an indispensable part of medical education.This paper summarized teaching characteristics of laboratory animal science at different levels, including the curriculum setting background, curriculum arrangement as well as assessment methods, in order to provide some references for the teaching staff of laboratory animal science.

OBJECTIVE： To evaluate the economic effectiveness of different pharmacotherapeutic schemes for the same disease.METHODS： Using pharmacoeconomical cost-effectiveness analysis， six schemes for upper urinary tract infections were compared.RESULTS： The total effective rate and cost were both the lowest in group B(70.00％ ).The cost-effectiveness ratios of A， B， C， D， E， F were 28.60、 19.13、 43.27、 29.99、 43.02、 29.14， respectively.They became 23.65、 18.01、 34.00、 24.87、 33.91、 24.20 by sensitivity.CONCLUSION： The A and F were both the most inexpensive and effective schemes.

Objective To study the mechanism of hypoxia inducing factor-1α(HIF-1α)pathway in establishment of hypoxia inducing low endometrial receptivity.Methods RL95-2 cell lines.the ideal model of study ER,were cultured in hypoxia condition induced by CoCl2,and the expression of mRNA and protein of HIF-1α and tumor necrosis factor like weak inducer of apoptosis(TWEAK)were measured by reverse transcription-PCR and western blot. The apoptosis rate was analyzed by flow eytometry.Then the mechanism confirmed by comparing the two factors in endometrium and the ultra-appearance of inflammatory reaction and apoptosis between recurrent spontaneous abortion women and control women.Results (1)On difierent time point(0,12,24,48 hour),mRNA expression of HIF-1α were 0.272±0.010,0.354±0.020,0.591±0.020.0.890±0.020,while the expression of TWEAK were 0.104±0.010,0.510±0.020,1.021±0. 020, 1. 237 +0. 040, respectively, the expression level between 12, 24, 48 and 0 hour all showed significant differences (P＜0. 05 ). (2) Protein expression of HIF-1α were 0. 853 +0. 010, 0. 931 ±0. 030,1. 124±0.010, 1.317±0.0 20 respectively, while was 0.042±0.010, 0.091 ±0.010, 0. 131±0.020,0. 205 ±0. 030 in TWEAK expression, the different level were statistically significant ( P＜0. 05 ). ( 3 )With longer culture under hypoxia, the cell apoptosis rate increased obviously. The apoptosis rate of each time point were ( 3.2±1.4 ) %, ( 16. 2 ±3.2 ) %, ( 26. 3±3.5 ) %, ( 31.8±3.5 )%, the differences between 12, 24, 48 and 0 hour had significance (P ＜0. 05). (4) The positive rate of HIF-1α stained in epithelium cells and stroma cells of test group were 32. 3%, 8.4% and 16. 7%, 7. 3% in control group. The positive rate of TWEAK were 28. 3%, 3.9% in recurrent spontaneous abortion group and 11.6%, 2. 7% in control group ( P ＜0. 05 ). The ultra-appearance of inflammatory cell infiltrated and apoptosis were obvious in test group. Conclusions Cell inflammation reaction and apoptosis induced by HIF-1α pathway may participate the mechanism of hypoxia inducing low endometrial receptivity. HIF-1α might become a novel target for improving poor endometrial receptivity.

Objective To observe the effects of the bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) on the expression of neurotrophic factor protein gene in the retinal detachment (RD) rabbits.Methods 60 healthy rabbits were randomly divided into control group (group A),retinal detachment with PBS group (group B),retinal detachment with BMSCs group (group C),20 rabbits in each group.RD model were established for rabbits in group B and C.10 μl PBS was injected into the subretinal space of rabbits in group B,while 10 μl CM-Dil labeled BMSC PBS was injected into subretinal space of rabbits in group C.The rabbits in the group A received no treatment.At 1,2 and 4 weeks after modeling,the mRNA expression of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF),brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) were measured by real-time quantitative PCR.Results At 1,2 and 4 weeks after modeling,the mRNA expression of bFGF,BDNF,CNTF on retinal tissue were increased significantly in group C as compared with group A and B (P＜0.01).At 1 week after modeling,the mRNA expression of bFGF and CNTF on retinal tissue were increased significantly in group B as compared with group A,the mRNA expression of BDNF on retinal tissue in group B was similar with group C.At 2 and 4 weeks after modeling,the mRNA expression of bFGF,BDNF,CNTF were decreased in group B as compared with group A.Conclusion Subretinal transplantation of BMSC can increase the mRNA expression of bFGF,BDNF and CNTF on retinal tissue in RD rabbits.

Purpose To investigate the c1inicopatho1ogica1 and immunohistochemica1 characteristics of enteropathy-associated T-ce11 1ymphoma( EATL)and to eva1uate the criteria of diagnosis and differentia1 diagnosis. Methods There were enteropathy-associated T-ce11 1ymphoma patients co11ected with c1inica1 data(n=9). Histo1ogica1 features were observed under microscope by HE staining and by immunohistochemstry. EBV was tested by in situ hybridization. Results EATL type Ⅰ showed a variab1e histo1ogy consisting of medium-sized to 1arge 1ymphoid ce11s with round or po1ygona1 nuc1ei,containing remarkab1e nuc1eo1i. EATL typeⅡshowed that tumor ce11s were medium-sized,with round,hyperchromatic nuc1ei. Nuc1ear debris and necrosis cou1d be seen easi1y. A 1arge number of his-tiocytes and neutrophi1s formed the inf1ammatory background. Immunohistochemica1 findings showed that tumor ce11s of two types were diffuse1y positive for CD3,CD43 and TIA-1,whi1e negative for CD4,CD5,CD20,CD79a. Tumor ce11s of EATL type II expressed CD56 and CD8,but negative in EATL typeⅠ. A high pro1iferation index was demonstrated by Ki-67. EBER was negative detection. There were seven patients with fo11ow-up data from 0 to 18 months. Four patients died within 10 months and three patients died within 18 months. Conclusions EATL is a rare type of 1ymphoma with intestina1 invo1vement. Patients often present with chronic abdomina1 pain,diarrhea,persistent fever and abdomina1 mass for a 1ong time. Intestina1 perforation occurs in some cases. Diagnosis shou1d be corre1ated to c1inica1 symptoms whi1e the fina1 diagnosis is main1y based on the patho1ogica1 features and the immune phenotypes.

Objective To investigate the metabolite changes in the preschool children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) using MR spectroscopy (MRS) and explore the associations between image findings and clinical variables, which may provide a noninvasive brain biochemical method for the early diagnosis and prevention of autism. Methods Twenty one cases of preschool ASD children (3-6 years old) and age-and sex-matched 20 preschool healthy controls underwent single voxel short (SVS) short TE (TE=30 ms) MRS. The absolute metabolite concentrations in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) , anterior middle anterior cingulate cortex (aMCC) and posterior cingulate (PCC) were quantitatively analyzed using LCModel software. Two independent sample t tests were used for analysis. The relationships between metabolite concentrations and diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-IV) , childhood autism rating scale (CARS) and autism behavior checklist (ABC) were analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis. Results Compared to control subjects, ASD patients had significantly lower N-acetylaspartate (NAA) values (4.35 ± 0.80, 6.34±0.82, 8.04±0.97 mmol/L respectively) in ACC, aMCC and PCC (t=2.640, P=0.012;t=2.182, P=0.035;t=3.343, P=0.002) , had significantly lower choline (Cho) 1.32±0.22 mmol/L (t=2.905, P=0.006) and glutamine and glutamate complex (Glx) 10.02 ± 0.88 mmol/L (t=2.090, P=0.043) in PCC. Cho, total creatine (tCr) , myo-Inositol (MI) and Glx levels did not differ between groups in other aforementioned regions (P>0.05). Negative correlations between the NAA ualues in the PCC and CARS (r=-0.504, P=0.020) were detected, and no significant correlation among DSM-IV, CARS, ABC and other metabolite values (P>0.05). Condnsions The biochemical changes in the preschool children with ASD in cingulate reflect the neuronal loss, structural or functional damage and cell membrane enzyme metabolic dysfunctions, may reveal the pathological basis of ASD. These results may provide noninvasive and quantitative methods for the diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of ASD child.

Objective To explore a method of establishing a canine model of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) by puncturing the main branch of middle cerebral artery (MCA) under ultrasonic guidance and proceed a pilot study of contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) of ICH.Methods Twelve adult healthy mongrel dogs were enrolled in the experiment.In the condition of bone window,the main branch of MCA was punctured to bleed under the ultrasonic guidance.CEUS of brain was performed every 30 minutes until hematoma formed and another CEUS was performed at 24 hours.Then brains were collected for pathologic examination after dogs were euthanized.Results Eleven of twelve dogs developed ICH successfully that located in the Out edge of basal ganglia,which was confirmed by CEUS and autopsy.One dog died within 6 hours due to intraventricular hemorrhage which was confirmed by autopsy.The hematoma diameters were measured as (22.4 ± 7.1)mm by CEUS before euthanasia and as (21.6 ± 6.9)mm on autopsy.There was no significant difference between the two methods of measurement (t =1.521,P =0.1565).The characteristics of active bleeding and hematoma on ICH were performed in the CEUS imaging.Conclusions A model of dog ICH by puncturing the main branch of MCA under the guidance of ultrasound was established successfully,and it proved to be simple,effective and repeatable.The imaging characteristics of this model are in good accordance with those of ICH in patients.

Objective To compare the egicacy and security of intracoronary administration of tirofiban combined high-dose adenosine during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (STEMI).Methods Eighty-eight cases with STEMI were randomly divided into observation group(44 cases) who were accepted 2 times intracoronary adenosine(2 mg,10 ml 0.9％ NaCl),and control group(44 cases) who were afforded only 10 ml 0.9％ NaCl by prospective,double-blind,and random study.The two groups were received10 g/kg tirofiban after aspiration catheter in the culprit lesion distal bolus injection of 3 rain,at the same time,continuous infusion of 0.15 g/(kg · min) for 24 h.The postoperative coronary arteriography and electrocardiogram were evaluated.Meanwhile,the postoperative myocardial blush grade(MBG),thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI),corrected TIMI frame counts (CTFC),ST-segment elevation resolution (STR) major adverse cardiac events (MACE),and adverse reactions of adenosine were recorded.Results There was no significant difference in terms of postoperative TIMI and STR between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).The CTFC of observation group was (24.4 ± 4.9) frames,significant better than that of control group((21.9 ±3.7) frames;t =2.701,P ＜0.01).The ratio of MBG in observation group was 24/44,higher than that of control group(14/44 ; x2 =4.632,P ＜ 0.05).There were no significant difference regarding of the ratio of death,MACE,target vessel revascularization,grade of NYHA between observation and control group at followed up for 1 and 12 month (P ＞ 0.05).The ratio of patients with blood pressure decrease ≥ 10 mm Hg,new second degree atrioventricular block in observation group were 15.9％ and 20.5％,higher than that in control group (2.3％ and 15.9％ ; x2 =4.950,7.221 ; P =0.026,0.007).The adverse reaction was transient.Conclusion The intracoronary administration of tirofiban combined high-dose adenosine during PCI in patients with STEMI plays an effective role on improvement of myocardial perfusion.

Objective To investigate the effects of dihydroartemisinin (DHA) on the proliferation of gastric cancer cell line SGC7901 and its mechanism.Methods SGC7901 cells were divided into the DHA group and the control group.SGC7901 cells in the DHA group were treated with DHA of different concentrations (6.25,12.50,25.00,50.00,100.00 μmol/L),SGC7901 cells in the control group were cultured in the 0.1％ DMSO medium.The proliferation of SGC7901 cells was detected by the MTF method at different time points (24,48,72 hours).Cell cycles of SGC7901 in the DHA group were observed by flow cytometry at 24 hours after treatment.The expressions of Cyclin A,Cyclin D1,Cyclin E,Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and P16 were detected by Western blot after treating SGC7901 with DHA at concentration of 100μmol/L for 24 hours.The interaction between CDK4 with Cyclin D1 or P16 was examined using the co-immunoprecipitation assay.All data were analyzed using the one-way analysis of variance or the t test.Results The proliferation of SGC7901 cells was significantly inhibited after the treatment with DHA at different concentrations (6.25,12.50,25.00,50.00,100.00 μmol/L) for 24,48 and 72 hours (F =78.66,235.37,93.75,P ＜ 0.05).Compared with control group,the number of SCG7901 cells in the G0/G1 phase in the DHA group was significantly increased (F =18.42,P ＜0.05).After treating SGC7901 cells with DHA for 24 hours,the protein expressions of Cyclin D1 and CDK4 were 0.67 ± 0.15 and 0.64 ± 0.18 in the control group,which were significantly higher than 0.17 ± 0.05and 0.24 ± 0.06 in the DHA group (t =7.746,5.164,P ＜ 0.05).The protein expressions of Cyclin E were 0.42 ± 0.06 in the control group and 0.35 ± 0.06 in the DHA group,with no significant difference (t =2.021,P ＞ 0.05).The protein expressions of Cyclin A were 0.35 ± 0.09 in the control group and 0.38 ± 0.08 in the DHA group,with no significant difference between the 2 groups (t =1.266,P ＞ 0.05).The protein expressions of P16 were 0.29 ± 0.07 in the control group and 0.54 ± 0.12 in the DHA group,with significant difference between the 2 groups (t =4.408,P ＜ 0.05).The results of co-immunoprecipitation assay showed that DHA decreased the interaction between CDK4 and Cyclin D1,and increased the interaction between CDK4 and P16.Conclusion DHA induces SGC7901 cells arrested in G0/G1 phase,and the effect may be related with its downregulation of Cyclin D1 and CDK4,up-regulation of P16,decreasing the interaction between CDK4 and Cyclin D1,and increasing the interaction between CDK4 and P16.

Objective: To investigate the influence and significance of DHA on expression of angiogenesis-related genes in SGC7901 cells. Methods:SGC7901 were treated with DHA (5, 10, 20, 40, and 80μmol/l) for different times (24, 48, and 72 h), and the growth inhibition was detected by MTT. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-C), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and PTEN mRNA were detected by fluorescence-based quantitative poly-merase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Their corresponding protein levels were tested by Western blot. Results:DHA significantly inhibited the growth of SGC7901 cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner (P<0.05). The expression of the angiogenesis-related genes signifi-cantly changed, as shown by RT-PCR and Western blot analyses. Compared with the control group, the expressions of VEGF-C, COX-2, and VCAM-1 were down-regulated, whereas the expressions of PTEN were up-regulated, after DHA treatment (P<0.05). Con-clusion:DHA inhibits cell growth in gastric cancer SGC7901 cells. The effect may be due to its reduction of VEGF-C, COX-2, and VCAM-1 gene expression, as well as its promotion of PTEN expression in gastric cancer cells.