World Health Organization believes traditional Chinese medicine is used widely in the world. In order to fit in the new tendency, Chinese government has supported a large number of international cooperation projects of science and technology in the field in the recent years and that offered powerful support and good chances for international development of traditional Chinese medicine. Based on work experience of international science and technology cooperation project, the paper provides practical suggestions about application organizing, agreement signing, focus selecting and project implementing for international cooperation of traditional Chinese medicine. It suggests summarizing the experience of international cooperation for better implementation of science and technology projects frequently, and that will elevate the level of these projects, bring forward more achievements and promote the further international development of traditional Chinese medicine.

目的观察高压氧联合低频脉冲电刺激对脑梗死后假性球麻痹吞咽困难的康复治疗效果。方法脑梗死假性球麻痹吞咽困难患者120例，分为对照组、电刺激组及联合高压氧组，每组40例。所有患者接受脑卒中常规治疗和护理。观察吸入性肺炎、吞咽困难恢复情况。结果联合高压氧组吞咽困难康复总有效率为92.5%，高于对照组和电刺激组(P<0.05)；吸入性肺炎发生率为10.0%，低于对照组。结论高压氧联合低频脉冲电刺激对脑梗死后假性球麻痹具有治疗作用。

Objective To evaluate the clinical application of enteral nutrition by nasojejunal tube insertion and by percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) in elderly patients.Methods A total of 65 elderly patients with dysphagia recruited at our department from January 2010 to November 2014 were divided into the nasojejunal tube feeding group (35 cases) and the PEG feeding group (30 cases).Differences between these two groups in nutritional indexes,immunological indexes,complications and mortality were analyzed retrospectively.Results Serum total protein,albumin and prealbumin and upper arm circumferences all increased after treatment with nasojejunal tube feeding or percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (P＞0.05).There was overall improvement in nutritional status,as assessed by Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS2002).Specifically,the before/one month-after-treatment ratio of scores was 3.72±0.91/1.90±0.61 (t=7.24,P＜0.01) for the nasojejunal tube feeding group and 3.52±1.23/2.02±0.53 (t=4.17,P＜0.01) for the PEG feeding group.Compared with NRS2002 scores at one month post-operation,further improvement was achieved at 3 months postoperation both for the nasojejunal tube feeding group (1.89±0.65,t=5.21,P＜0.01) and for the PEG feeding group (1.91±0.62,t=4.40,P＜0.01).There was no difference in the indexes of nutrition,immune status or mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05).Although improvement in CD3+,CD4+,CD8+,CD4+/CD8+,IgA,IgG,and IgM was seen in both groups after operation,the differences did not reach statistical significance (P＞0.05).The incidence of aspiration pneumonia was notably lower (P＜0.05) while the incidence of diarrhea was much higher (P＜0.05) in the nasojejunal tube feeding group than in the PEG feeding group at one month and three months.The two groups had similar causes of death and mortality rates.Conclusion Both nasojejunal tube and PEG feeding can improve the nutritional status of elderly patients with dysphagia.However,the choice for the route of nutrition should be individualized.

This paper firstly introduces the concept, method and current research of molecular phylogeography and then discusses its application in the study of geoherbs. The relativity between three genetic differentiation patterns of plant inferred by molecular phylogeography (i.e. allopatric fragmentation, restricted gene flow with isolation by distance and range expansion) and the formation of genuine character is analysed. Molecular authentication of geoherbs based on molecular phylogeography has the advantage of former molecular identification at technology and knowing genetic differentiation of geoherbs. Using molecular phylogeography for study on changing history of geoherbs habitat is also explicated. The problem of germplasm degeneration in cultural geoherbs could be effectively resolved by molecular phylogeography method. The application of molecular phylogeography in these subjects opens up prospects for study on geoherbs by using the principle and method of molecular phylogeography.
Ecosystem ; Gene Flow ; Geography ; Phylogeny ; Plants, Medicinal ; classification ; genetics

To find the identification method of seeds from different locations, we analyzed the SDS-PAGE electrophoretogram of Magnolia officinalis seeds from 5 different locations of Enshi district, Hubei province, the genuine producing area of M. officinalis, and compared band numbers, band intensity and protein molecular weight of different locations. The result showed that there were significant differences among seeds from different locations. 9 bands with the molecular weight about 80.34, 63.07, 56.48, 51.32, 40.64, 25.18, 22.63, 21.70, 18.14 kDa were involved in all seeds electrophoretograms and could be as standard bands of M. officinalis seeds. Seeds from Badong county, Jianshi county and Enshi city had their own special bands which were very different from other locations. So this electrophresis method can be applied to identify different locations of M. officinalis seeds.
Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Magnolia ; chemistry ; Molecular Weight ; Plant Proteins ; analysis ; Seeds ; chemistry

Directive 2004/24/EC of the European Parliament and the Council entered into force on April 30th, 2004. After 7 years, there is no Chinese medicine to be registered successfully in European market as traditional herbal medicinal products. The thesis gives some ideas to tackle this problem. Procedure for the Preparation of Community Monographs for Traditional Herbal Medicinal Products (EMEA/HMPC/182320/2005) published by European Medicines Agency is an important guidance for traditional herbal products to enter European Community monographs. The thesis introduces and details the procedure as well as gives feasible suggestions about the procedure. It suggests that Chinese medicines enter European Community monographs first, and then apply the registration according to the directive 2004/24/EC. This is an easier access to European market.

OBJECTIVETo optimize the condition of callus of Cinnamonum camphora induced.

METHODGC and plant tissue culture method were applied in the study.

RESULTThe effect of callus induced and the growth of callus were different in MS medium with different proportion of hormone. The ration of callus induced was the highest and the growth of callus was the most prosperous in the MS medium with 4 mg x L(-1) 2,4-D and 0.2 mg x L(-1) 6-BA. It is found that callus induced by young leaf contained borneol, but callus induced by young stem not.

CONCLUSIONThe optimization of callus of C. camphora induced is using the MS medium with 4 mg x L(-1) 2,4-D + 0.2 mg x L(-1) 6-BA. Callus induced by young leaf can generate borneol.

Bornanes ; metabolism ; Cinnamomum camphora ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Culture Media ; Tissue Culture Techniques

OBJECTIVETo study the mechanism of secondary metabolites of some phenolic acids in the hairy roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza induced by methyl jasmonate.

METHODThe hairy roots of S. miltiorrhiza were induced with methyl jasmonate (100 micromol x L(-1)) and collected at 0, 12, 24, 36 h after treatment. Real-time quantitative PCR was used for detecting the mRNA expression level of the key enzyme genes on the secondary metabolites pathway of rosmarinic acid, while a LC-MS method was developed to determine the content of rosmarinic acid, caffeic acid and salvianolic acid B.

RESULT AND CONCLUSIONThe concentration of phenolic acids grew up and accumulated quickly in the hairy roots with exogenous signal molecule MJ induced, and it was showed that the content of CA and RA reached the maximum after 24 h and the content of LAB reached the maximum in 36 h by MJ induced. The induction mechanism may be activated with different levels of RA synthesis in PAL, 4CL, C4H genes on the key enzyme phenylalanine pathway and TAT, HPPR genes on tyrosine pathway. The time of gene expression was different, among them, 4CL and PAL genes were more important. In a word, the result can provide some basis data about the mechanism of secondary metabolites of phenolic acids for further research.

Cyclopentanes ; analysis ; metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Hydroxybenzoates ; analysis ; metabolism ; Oxylipins ; analysis ; metabolism ; Plant Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; genetics ; metabolism ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry ; enzymology ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo study the biomass structure of Epimedium acuminatum Franch in the different ecological environments for the development and protection.

METHODThrough the scientific investigation in four typical habitats, the sampling spots were set up, the functional modules' biomass structure and relationship of E. acuminatum were researched.

RESULTThe average of rhizome, as the largest biomass, and the average total biomass had the same pattern: the open areas of forest edge > shrub lumber > shrub-weed > stream drains. The ratio of the functional modules' biomass had different rates under different habitat conditions. By analyzing and combining investigation, the aerial part of E. acuminatum in the shrub-weed were comparative advantage, and the roots of nutrient accumulation of E. acuminatum in the open areas of forest edge were the highest efficient. Under different ecological condition, the distribution of water metabolism was different strategies.

CONCLUSIONIn the open areas of forest edge, E. acuminatum growing well, followed by shrub-weed. These two habitats are the ideal ecological environments while the rhizome or the whole plant used as medicine, but also the protection of E. acuminatum.

Biomass ; Ecosystem ; Epimedium ; growth & development