gluconate in both G1 phase and S phase cells.The permeability of G1 phase cells to I-was higher than that in S phase cells,but to gluconate was lower than that in S phase cells.CONCLUSIONS: The density of the volume-activated Cl-current,the anion permeability of the channel and the sensitivity of the current to tamoxifen were different between the CNE-2Z cells in G1 phase and those in S phase.The results suggest that the expression of tamoxifen-sensitive,volume-activated chloride channels is differentiated at different stages of the cell cycle.

Objective To evaluate the impacts of the two different gastrectomy methods on the quality of life,complication and prognosis in proximal gastric cancer.Methods One hundred and two cases of proxi-mal gastric cancer in Tung Wah Hospital were collected for retrospective analysis.They were divided into proxi-mal gastrectomy/gastroesophagostomy (PG)group (n =50)and total gastrectomy/esophagojejunostomy (TG) group (n =52),according to the methods of gastrectomy and reconstruction.The postoperative complications, nutritional status and prognosis of the two groups were compared.Results The incidence of reflux esophagitis was obviously higher in PG group than that in TG group (38.0% vs 1 9.2%,χ2 =4.464,P =0.035).No sig-nificant differences were found between the two groups in the incidences of postoperative infection,bleeding and anastomotic leakage (χ2 =0.063,P =1 .000;χ2 =0.001 ,P =0.978;χ2 =0.31 1 ,P =0.577).There were no significant differences between PG and TG group in total plasma protein [(65.26 ±4.1 0)g/L vs (65.33 ± 3.75)g/L,t =-0.402,P =0.688],albumin [(39.76 ±2.1 7)g/L vs (39.59 ±2.04)g/L,t =1 .778,P =0.076],hemoglobin [(1 07.33 ±1 1 .1 0)g/L vs (1 08.09 ±1 1 .1 7)g/L,t =-1 .502,P =0.1 33]and weight loss [1 .00 ~8.00 kg vs 0.50 ~8.20 kg,t =-1 .622,P =0.1 05]in one year postoperatively.All cases were followed-up for 7 months to 1 0 years.No significant differences were found between PG and TG group in the incidences of anastomotic tumor recurrence (4.0% vs 5.8%,χ2 =0.1 71 ,P =0.679),metastasis (24.0% vs 28.8%,χ2 =0.308,P =0.579)and median survival time (53.6 months vs 49.8 months,χ2 =2.564,P =0.1 09).Conclusion Compared with PG group,the incidence of postoperative reflux esophagitis is effectively reduced,and the incidences of malnutrition,tumor recurrence and metastasis and death are not increased in TG group.Hence,TG should be a safe and effective surgery strategy.

AIM:To investigate the type of chloride channel activated by cisplatin in poorly differentiated na -sopharyngeal carcinoma cells (CNE-2Z cells).METHODS:The technique of whole-cell patch-clamp was used to investi-gate the role of Ca 2+in the activation of cisplatin-activated chloride currents and to analyze the effect of hypertonic stress on these currents in CNE-2Z cells.RESULTS:Chloride currents were induced when the cells were exposed to the calcium -free cisplatin solution , showing the similar density to the currents induced by cisplatin with the presence of extracellular cal -cium.However , the latency and the peak time of cisplatin-activated currents in the absence of extracellular calcium were prolonged.The activation of cisplatin-activated chloride currents was insensitive to the depletion of intra-and extracellular calcium.Calcium channel antagonist nifedipine had no effect on the cisplatin -activated chloride currents , while hypertonic solution completely inhibited those currents .CONCLUSION:The cisplatin-activated chloride currents are independent on intra/extracellular calcium .The chloride channels activated by cisplatin are not calcium-activated chloride channels , but are probably volume-sensitive chloride channels .

Objective: To study the more safe and accurate guidance scheme of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods: CBCT was regularly performed on 87 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Meizhou People's Hospital from November 2014 to August 2015. For each patient, 10 times CBCT scans were obtained pre-treatment. All the setup errors were obtained and analysed on the orientation X (left and right), Y (head and foot) and Z (vertical) axis. Results: With the increase of the number of CBCT scans, there was no statistically significant difference among the mean setup errors of the 10 times scans in X (left and right) and Y (head and foot) directions (all P > 0.05). And there was no statistically significant difference among the mean setup errors of 6 times scans in Z (vertical) direction, but from the beginning of the 7th, the systematic error in Z direction was increasing, the system error of the 7th, 8th, 9th, 10th time was 0.140, 0.292, 0.461, and 0.640 mm. Moreover, the difference of the mean systematic errors among the first 7 times was statistically significant (H = 15.232, P = 0.019), and the differences of the mean systematic errors among the first 8, 9 and 10 times were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). Conclusions Non-consecutive scans of CBCT could reduce the systematic and random errors. The appropriate frequency of application of CBCT based on the change law of setup errors is an ideal CBCT guidance scheme for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

Objective To analyze set-up errors for irradiation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma by using kilo-voltage cone beam computed tomography (kV-KBCT) scanning, and to calculate the external margin from planning target volume (PTV) of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods A total of 150 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients in Meizhou People's Hospital from December 2014 to November 2016 were treated by image-guided radiation therapy (IGRT), kV-KBCT, CT image scanning matcthed by bone and grey alignment. PTV of nasopharyngeal carcinoma was also calculated. Results According to PTV formula, the external distance before radiotherapy guided by grey alignment was 0.5 mm in X-axis, 0.4 mm in Y-axis, 0.8 mm in Z-axis. While the distance was 0.1 mm in X-axis, 0.5 mm in Y-axis, 1.7 mm in Z-axis guided by bone alignment. After radiotherapy, the external distance guided by grey alignment was 0.4 mm in X-axis, 0.5 mm in Y-axis, 0.9 mm in Z-axis. While the distance was 0.1 mm in X-axis, 0.9 mm in Y-axis, 2.0 mm in Z-axis guided by bone alignment. There was no significant difference in set-up errors of 3 directions and 2 aligned ways before and after treatment.Conclusions The PTV within 3 mm is safe when IGRT is used for directing radiotherapy of nasopharyngeal carcinoma,and kV-KBCT is an effective image equipment.

ViewRay magnetic resonance (MR) guided radiotherapy system not only solves the problem of imaging dose,but also can set up accurately,online adaptive radiotherapy and gated irradiation according to magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).The development of this system provides a new technical means of accurate radiotherapy.This review describes the main structure of the ViewRay system,and summarizes quality assurance (QA),dosimetric comparison,respiratory motion management,online adaptive radiotherapy,and preliminary treatment effect.

Objective:To investigate the value of flattening filter-free (FFF) mode in postoperative deep inspiration breath-hold (DIBH) intensigy-modulated radiotherapy for left breast cancer.Methods:A retrospective case series study was conducted. Clinical data of 21 patients with left breast cancer who underwent DIBH intensity-modulated radiotherapy after modified radical surgery in Meizhou People's Hospital from January 2021 to December 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. On the DIBH-mode CT of each patient, the 7-field intensity-modulation plan was designed using the plan developed in the 6 MV FFF-mode (FFF group) or the plan developed in the 6 MV flattening filter (FF)-mode (FF group). The target areas and organs at risk, dosimetric and biological parameters, and dose validation results were compared between the two plans.Results:Twenty-one patients were female with the age [ M ( Q1, Q3)] of 47 years old (32 years old, 61 years old). The percentage of target areas receiving 95% of the prescribed dose (V 95%) was (95.9±0.8)% and (95.7±1.9)% in the FF and FFF groups ( t = 2.98, P = 0.089), and the maximum dose was (5 401±251) cGy and (5 424±201) cGy ( t = 2.85, P = 0.181), the fitness indices were 0.88±0.05 and 0.87±0.06 ( t = 0.32, P = 0.562), the homogeneity indices were 1.06±0.01 and 1.07±0.02 ( t = 2.91, P = 0.009), the equivalent uniform doses (EUD) were (51.81±0.21) Gy and (51.97±0.20) Gy ( t = 0.51, P = 0.309), and the tumor control probability (TCP) was (99.68±0.01)% and (99.61±0.02)% ( t = 0.81, P = 0.560). The plans of the FFF group and the FF group were compliant, and the doses of all organs at risk to be irradiated were within the clinically acceptable range, and the radiation doses in the FFF group in the left lung [5 Gy irradiated volume (V 5 Gy), mean dose (D mean), EUD and normal tissue complication rate (NTCP)], right lung (V 5 Gy and D mean), heart (V 10 Gy, D mean, EUD and NTCP), and right breast (V 5 Gy, D mean and EUD) were differently lower than those in the FF group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). The monitor units in the FFF and FF groups were (984±132) MU and (751±145) MU ( t = -1.25, P < 0.001), and the total beam-on time was (1.4±0.3) min and (2.2±0.4) min ( t = 0.68, P < 0.001); individual field beam-on time was (12±7) s and (16±10) s ( t = 2.68, P = 0.001), and the beam-on time for each field in patients of the FFF group was less than 25 s; γ pass rates were (97.1±2.8)% and (97.6±2.1)% ( t = 0.59, P = 0.484). Conclusions:In the intensity-modulated radiotherapy of left breast cancer, the radiation dose of the energy to the critical organs in FFF mode is lower and has higher dose rate and shorter treatment time. FFF combined with DIBH technique has positive clinical significance in the intensity-modulated radiotherapy of breast cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the genetic basis for a child with facial dysmorphism and multiple malformations. METHODS: The child, born at 34⁺⁶ weeks' gestation due to premature rupture of amniotic membrane, dichorionic diamniotic twinning and gestational diabetes, was subjected to chromosomal karyotyping analysis and copy number variations sequencing (CNV-seq). RESULTS: The child was found to have facial dysmorphism, hypospadia, cryptorchidism and hypotonia. He was found to have a 46,XY,del(3)(p26) karyotype in addition with a 9.80 Mb deletion (chr3: 60 000-9 860 000) encompassing 33 protein coding genes. CONCLUSION The 3p26.3p25.3 deletion probably underlay the multiple malformations in this child. Continuous follow-up is required to improve his quality of life.
Humans ; Male ; Chromosome Deletion ; DNA Copy Number Variations ; Quality of Life ; Abnormalities, Multiple/genetics* ; Phenotype