AIM: To explore the effects of cellular signal transduction pathways of heme oxygenase-1(HO-1)-carbon monoxide (CO)-cyclic GMP (cGMP) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS)-nitric oxide (NO)-cGMP on cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) reversed vascular hyporeactivity in endotoxemic rats. METHODS: According to the treatments given in vivo , rats were devided into four groups: control; lipopolysaccharide (LPS); CCK and CCK+LPS. Using isolated vascular ring tension detecting technique, thoracic aortic rings (TARs) were prepared and accumulation of contractive responses to phenylephrine (PE) were measured under which the TARs were incubated with Hemin (He, donor of CO), Zinc-protoporphyrin-IX (ZnPP-IX, selective inhibitor of HO-1), L-arginine (L-Arg, substrate of NOS), aminoguanidine (AG, selective inhibitor of iNOS), N ?-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA, inhibitor of NOS) or methylene blue (MB, inhibitor of guanylyl cyclase), respectively. RESULTS: CCK-8 alone did not affect vascular tension. Injection of LPS induced the hyporeactivity of the TARs and was reversed by pretreatment of CCK-8. In LPS and CCK+LPS groups, the hyporeactivity was partly reversed by incubation of TARs with ZnPP-IX or AG, and restored to normal by incubation of TARs with L-NNA or MB. Incubation of TARs with He or L-Arg showed to make the vascular hyporeactivity worse in different degree. CONCLUSIONS: CCK-8 alone did not affect the activity of HO-1 and iNOS but influenced the activity of these enzymes induced by LPS, which lead to reduced CO/NO production, decreased the content of cGMP and plays its important role in reversing vascular hyporeactivity in endotoxemic rats.

Objective: To evaluate the health risk of drinking water in Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province from 2021 to 2022, so as to provide insights into ensuring the safety of drinking water. Methods: The monitoring data of drinking water from 2021 to 2022 in Ningbo City were collected from the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System. The routine indicators and disinfectant indicators (radioactivity indicators were excluded) of drinking water were evaluated according to the reference limits issued by Standards for Drinking Water Quality (GB 5749-2006), and the qualification rates were calculated. The indicators with detection rate higher than 50% were selected, and assessed the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks via drinking water using the risk assessment model recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Results: A total of 1 678 samples were monitored in Ningbo City from 2021 to 2022. Sodium hypochlorite was the main disinfectant among 1 558 samples from centralized water supply (1 079 samples, 64.30%), and none of the 120 samples from decentralized water supply underwent disinfection treatment. The qualification rate of 88.38%, and the pollutants with a detection rate higher than 50% were nitrate, fluoride, trichloromethane and aluminum. The median carcinogenic risk value of trichloromethane was 2.964×10-6 (interquartile range, 3.909×10-6), and the median hazard quotient values of nitrate, fluoride, trichloromethane and aluminum were 1.631×10-2 (interquartile range, 1.361×10-2), 3.955×10-2 (3.164×10-2), 2.231×10-2 (2.942×10-2) and 2.136×10-4 (6.573×10-4), respectively. Conclusion The carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks through drinking water for 17 pollutants in drinking water of Ningbo City from 2021 to 2022 were at low levels.

AIM: To verify the effect of cholecystokinin octapeptide(CCK-8) on cardiac function in endotoxin shock (ES) rats.METHODS: The rats were divided into four groups:control,lipopolysaccharide(LPS),CCK-8 and CCK-8+LPS.The left ventricle pressure(LVP),the maximal/minimum rate of LVP(?LVd p /d t max ),heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were measured.The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD),the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO) in both serum and myocardium were also measured,respectively.RESULTS: CCK-8 (40 ?g?kg -1 , iv) elicited bradycardia in short time and gently increase MAP,LVP and ?LV d p /d t max . Lipopolysaccharide(LPS, 8 mg?kg -1 , iv) caused a variation in heart rate (HR)(a bradycardia following a tachycardia) and rapid decreases in MAP,LVP and ?LVd p /d t max . The rapid variation of HR and the decline of MAP,LVP and ?LVd p /d t max were reversed by pretreatment with CCK-8 in ES rats, but didn't restore to normal.The activity of SOD was increased and the contents of MDA and NO were decreased by pretreatment with CCK-8 in ES rats.CONCLUSION: The decline of cardiac function in ES rats could be reversed by pre-administration of CCK-8 and the decrease in NO production may be one of the mechanisms.

Aim To investigate the effect of Dicranostiga Leptodu (Maxim) Fedde (DLF) on experimental liver injury induced by Calmette Guerin bacillus vaccine (BCG) and Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in mice. Methods Experimental liver injury was induced by Calmette Guerin bacillus vaccine and Lipopolysaccharide in male mice by injecting via tail vein (50 ?g?kg -1 ), and administering LPS (10 ?g?mouse -1 ) 10 d later. Therapeutic groups were given respectively with DLF (0 5,1 0,2 0 g?kg -1 ) before administration of LPS. The level of ALT, AST and LDH and the concentration of ALB and GLB in serum were measured by automatic biochemistry analyzer, and MDA in liver plasma was measured by TBA method and the level of SOD was measured by pyrogallol auto oxidation method. Pathological morphological changes in liver tissue were observed. Results The three experimental groups were found with significant decrease in the elevation of serum GPT and LDH level and the content of MDA in the liver plasma. The liver tissue damages were also ameliorated. Conclusion DLF has protective effect against the experimental liver injury induced by BCG and LPS in mice.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of simvastatin preconditioning on the expression of inducible and endothelial nitric oxide synthase ( iNOS,eNOS) in thoracic aorta in a rat model of sepsis.Methods Eighty pathogen-free female Wistar rats aged 4 months weighing 200-250 g were randomly divided into 4 groups:group normal control (group Ⅰ,n =8) ; group sham operation (group Ⅱ,n =8) ; group sepsis (group Ⅲ,n =32) and group simvastatin preconditioning (group Ⅳ,n =32).Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in groups Ⅲ and Ⅳ.In group Ⅳ simvastatin 20 mg/kg was given via a gastric tube once a day for 2 weeksbefore CLP.The thoracic aorta specimens were taken at 3,6,24 and 48 h after CLP (n =8 at each time point)for detection of iNOS and eNOS protein expression by Western blot analysis.ResultsCLP significantly up-regulated iNOS expression and down-regulated eNOS expression in group Ⅲ as compared with groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ.Simvastatin pretreatment significantly attenuated CLP-induced increase in iNOS expression and decrease in eNOS expression in group Ⅳ as compared with group Ⅲ.ConclusionSimvastatin preconditioning can protect vascular endothelial cells from septic injury by down-regulating iNOS expression and up-regulating eNOS expression in vascular endothelial cells.

Objective:To evaluate the value of Facial Emotion Recognition Test (FERT) in the early diagnosis of behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD).Methods:A total of 27 patients with mild bvFTD, 27 patients with mild Alzheimer′s disease (AD) and 54 normal controls were successively collected in the Memory Clinic of Department of Neurology,Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2018 to July 2019. The subjects were assessed by the FERT and a battery of neuropsychological background tests including Mini-Mental State Examination, Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), and Auditory Verbal Learning Test (AVLT), etc. The discriminatory power of the FERT was evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC).Results:The average FERT scores of bvFTD, AD and control groups were 18.00 (14.00, 21.00), 25.00 (21.00, 28.00) and 28.00 (26.00, 30.00) respectively. The FERT scores of bvFTD group were significantly lower than those of control groups ( H=-55.278, P<0.001) and AD groups ( H=-28.407, P=0.002). ROC results showed that the FERT had a high discriminatory power for differentiating bvFTD from the controls, with an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.969 (95% CI 0.931-1.000, P<0.001). Both the sensitivity and specificity were 92.6% with a cut-off value at 24. For differentiating bvFTD group from AD group, the AUC value for the FERT was 0.850 (95% CI 0.749-0.951, P<0.001), with sensitivity of 81.5% and specificity of 71.4% with a cut-off value of 22. Compared with the AUC values for the FAB and AVLT-Delayed Recall (0.776 and 0.714), the AUC value for the FERT was slightly higher, though the differences among them were not statistically significant. Conclusions:Disturbance of emotion processing is presented in the early stage of bvFTD. FERT is one of the sensitive and specific neuropsychological indicators for the early diagnosis of bvFTD.

Objective To observe the effects of standardized treatment to pregnancy and perinatal outcome of children gestational diabetes (GDM).Methods Forty-five cases of GDM glycemic control satisfied patients and 36 cases of GDM glycemic control dissatisfied patients were enrolled in this study who in the General Hospital of Jizhong Energy Feng Feng Group hospital from January 2010 to October 2012,and 50 cases of the same period of hospitalization single fetal blood sugar normal pregnant women were randomly selected as control group.Pregnancy outcome and perinatal outcome of three groups were analyzed and compared.Results (1) Pregnancy outcome of three groups:the incidence of concurrent gestational hypertension (27.8％),polyhydramnios(22.2％),premature delivery (16.7％),cesarean section rate (80.5％) and puerperalism (13.9％) in GDM glycemic control dissatisfied patients were higher than those of GDM glycemic control satisfied patients (8.9％,6.7％,2.2％,55.6％,2.2％) and control group (6.0％,4.0％,2.0％,46.0％,2.0％),and the differences were statistically significant (P＜ 0.05).(2) Perinatal outcome of three groups:the incidence of huge child (27.8％),neonatal hypoglycemia (41.7％),neonatal asphyxia rate (22.2％) of GDM glycemic control dissatisfied patients were higher than those of GDM glycemic control satisfied patients (4.4％,17.8％,6.7％) and control group (6.0％,2.0％,4.0％),and the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion Gestational diabetes increases the incidence of infant and maternal complications,early diagnosis,standardized diagnosis and treatment can reduce infant and maternal complications,improve pregnancy outcomes.

Objective To investigate the expressions of cytokeratin/keratin 4 in the buccal tissue of oral submucous fibrosis at the early,middle and advanced stages,explore which role keratin4 (K4) plays in the process and development of oral submucous fibrosis (OSF),and provide evidence for K4 being a promising biomarker to evaluate the development and prognosis of OSF.Methods Ten cases of normal tissues,and 10 cases of OSF tissues with typical early,middle and advanced stages,were selected,respectively.Detect the expression of K4 in the tissue mentioned above through immunohistochemistry and Westem blot.The data was analyzed by statistical means.Results The results of immunohistochemistry showed that K4 was mainly located in cytoplasm,and positive cells with brownish yellow granules were seen in whole epithelial layer of the normal mucosa.The expression of K4 was lower at all stages of OSF than that at the normal tissue with statistical significance (P ＜0.05).With the aggravation of OSF,the expression of K4 was decreased,difference between early and advanced stage was found to be statistically significant.The results of Western blot also showed that the expression of K4 was lower than that of early,middle and advanced stages of OSF (P ＜ 0.05).With the aggravation of OSF,the expression of K4 was decreased,but the differences between them had no significance (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions The expression of K4 in OSF tissue of early,middle and advanced stages were decreased compared to normal tissue,respectively.It suggests that K4 might play and important role in the initiation and development of OSF.

OBJECTIVE To study the effect of different concentrations of 17-AAG and EGCG monotherapy or in combination on the induced apoptosis in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and to explore new molecular targets for the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. METHODS MTT colorimetric method and fluorescent staining were used to detect the change of CNE proliferation inhibition rate and cell morphology. And furthermore, the expression level of Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-3 were detected by RT-PCR. RESULTS 1. 17-AAG or EGCG alone had inhibitory effect on the human nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE cells at 24 h, 48h and 72 h, and it was related with time and dose(P<0.01). The inhibition effect of combination of 17-AAG and EGCG was significantly increased,which was time and dose dependent(P<0.01). 2. RT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression level of Bcl-2, Bax and caspase-3. The level of Caspase-3 and Bax mRNA expression after treated by 17-AAG and EGCG was significantly higher, and the level of bcl-2 mRNA expression was lower than that after treated by 17-AAG or EGCG alone. CONCLUSION Our investigation implied that 17-AAG and EGCG in combination can effectively inhibit the proliferation of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE cells. The involved mechanisms may be associated with the upregulation of Bax and Caspase-3 expression.

The majority of diagnosed cases of gastric cancer are in the middle and late stages, while less than 10% of patients are diagnosed in the early stages in China. The standard treatment strategy for patients with progressive gastric cancer is surgery combined with postoperative adjuvant therapy or preoperative neoadjuvant followed by surgery combined with postoperative adjuvant therapy. Immunotherapy is now recognized as an innovative approach for cancers. It is worth exploring how to best use immunotherapy in neoadjuvant therapy to achieve better clinical benefit. Therefore, this paper reviews the progress of immunotherapy in neoadjuvant therapy for GC. Further studies and the understanding of immune system function by neoadjuvant therapy combined with immunotherapy will help to improve the treatment of gastric cancer.