Objective To investigate the role of herpesvirus infection and the activation of Th cell subsets in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients.Methods Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to determine herpes viral (HSV 1,HSV 2,EBV,CMV) DNA in whole blood (WB) and serum samples.ELISA used for measuring serum levels of IFN ? and IL 4.Results ① Thirty two WB samples and 32 serum samples from RApatients were tested for the viral DNA types.Of them 2 WB samples were positive for HSV 1 DNA and 1 serum sample did.In normal control samples one serum sample was positive for CMV DNA.There was no significant difference in rate of detection between control group and test group.② Comparing serum levels of IFN ? and the ratio of IFN ?/IL 4,it was found that RA patients had significantly higher values than the normal controls.Increased values directly correlated with severity of disease.[in RA patients IFN ? (21?33) pg/ml.TFN ?/IL 4 (25?20),in normal controls IFN ? (10 1?2 6) pg/ml, IFN ?/IL 4 (17?8)].Conclusion ① The rate of detection of herpes viral (EBV,CMV,HSV 1,HSV 2) DNA does not correlate with RA significantly.② Increased serum levels of Th1 derived inflammatory cytokine (IFN ?) and the impaired production of anti inflammatory Th2 derived cytokines (IL 4) indicate impaired activation of Th1 and Th2 in RA patients and may account for the chronic arthritis.

Objective to investigate the relationship between CRP,IL-12 and gestational diabetes mellitus.Methods Fifty normal pregnant women (NGT group) and forty with GDM (GDM group) were enrolled in the study.The serum IL-12、fasting blood sugar、CRP were mesured respectively.Results GDM fasting blood glucose,fasting insulin,insulin resistance index (IRI),CRP,IL-12 were higher than those in the control group [(4.95 ± 0.76 vs 4.57 ± 0.58) mmol/L,(13.65 ± 1.74 vs 8.78 ± 1.65) uIU/ml,(2.91 ± 1.05vs 1.72 ± 0.87),(5.56 ± 1.24 vs 3.25 ± 1.13) mg/L,(71.47 ± 4.35 vs 56.03 ± 4.06) PG,/ml,P ＜ 0.05),the results of single factor analysis of CRP showed a positive correlation with IRI (r =0.865,P ＜ 0.05),IL-12 was positively correlated with IRI (r =0.913,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Our study show inflammatory cytokins take part in the genesis of gestational diabetes.Serum levels of IL-12 and is one factor in pathogensis of GDM.

Objective:To clone and characterize the 16S rRNA of six species in the bacteria infecting respiratory tract to make gene chip.Methods:The primers of the target gene were designed and synthesized,and then the aimed fragment of the 16s rRNA was amplified by PCR and cloned.Finally the recombinant plasmids were characterized.Results:(1)The 16s rRNA gene of six species of bacteria was amplified.It was found that the size of amplified product by PCR was 1 300 bp in E.coli,S.aureus,S.pneumoniae,K.pneumoniae and H.influenzae and that of 1 100 bp in P.aeruginosa.(2)The JM109 transferred by the recombinant plasmid pMD18-T grew in Ampr culture was white colonies.(3)The specific bands could be found by restriction endonuclease and PCR analysis. (4)The sequence of the six bacterial 16s rRNA showed the same as those in the GenBank.Conclusion:The 16s rRNA of six species of bacteria is successfully amplified and cloned into plasmid pMD18-T. It will provide the basis for making gene chip detecting the six species of bacteria infecting respiratory tract.

Objective:To study the relationship between hepatic tissue insulin receptor substrate 2(IRS2) gene and type 2 diabetes,and the regulation of acupuncture on IRS2 gene expression of hepatic tissue in type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM) rats.Methods:Obese rats due to diet were injected in abdomen with small dose streptozotocin(STZ) to induce T2DM.Then these T2DM rats were stochastically divided into acupuncture group,Glibenclamide group and model group.After 4 weeks treatment,fasting blood sugar(FBS) was examined with active blood sugar meter,fasting insulin(FINS) was examined by radioimmunoassav,hepatic tissue IRS2mRNA was evaluated in real-time RT PCR,and normal rats were in control.Results:Serum levels of FBS(15.79?1.87) and FINS(37.20?3.92) in model group were higher than those in normal group(5.16?0.13,23.57?1.63),serum levels of FBS(5.46?0.20) and FINS(20.87?1.80) in acupuncture group were obviously lower than those in model group,which were similar to normal group.FBS(5.26?0.13) reduced obviously and serum FINS(28.10?1.86) reduced in some degree in Glibenclamide group compared with model.Relative contents of IRS2mRNA in model group were 2.19 folds compared with that in normal group.And in Glyburide group it was 4.59 folds compared with that in normal group.In acupuncture group it was 4.04% of that in the normal group.Conclusion:Abnormal hepatic tissue IRS2 mRNA expression may be one of pathogenesis of T2DM.Acupuncture can obviously depress hepatic tissue IRS2 mRNA expression,but Glibenclamide can not.

Objective To study the relationships among leptin, leptin receptor (OB-R) gene in arcuate nucleus and type 2 diabetes mellitus, and the effect of acupuncture on them. Methods Obese rats due to diet were injected in abdomen with small dosage streptozotocin to induce type 2 diabetes mellitus model, and were divided into acupuncture, glibenclamide and model group. Normal rats were in control. After treatment for 4 weeks, fasting blood sugar (FBS), fasting insulin (FINS), leptin, OB-R mRNA expression in arcuate nucleus were evaluated. Height, weight were measured and Lee's index were calculated before and after treatment. Results The FBS and FINS were higher in model group ［(15.79±1.87) mmol/L, (37.20±3.92) mIU/L］ than in control ［(5.16±0.13) mmol/L, (23.57±1.63) mIU/L］, but decreased in acupuncture group ［(5.46±0.20) mmol/L, (20.87±1.80) mIU/L］ and glibenclamide group ［(5.26±0.13) mmol/L, (28.10±1.86) mIU/L］. Leptin was lower in model ［(0.95±0.15) ng/ml］ than in control ［(1.32±0.15) ng/ml］, but was higher in glibenclamide group ［(1.83±0.23) ng/ml］ than in control. Weight and Lee's index decreased in model, acupuncture and glibenclamide groups after treatment. OB-R mRNA expression in arcuate nucleus in model wasn't different from control, acupuncture or glibenclamide group, nor between acupuncture and control, but was lower in glibenclamide group than in control. Conclusion Leptin decreased in type 2 diabetes mellitus rats when they became thin. Leptin resistance appears when treated with glibenclamide. Acupuncture may improve the OB-R mRNA expression in arcuate nucleus to some extent.

Objective To study on the influence of comprehensive nursing intervention on extremities function and quality of life (QOL) in community patients with convalescent stroke.Methods A total of 200 community patients with convalescent stroke were selected and randomized into the experimental group and the control group,100 cases each.Patients in the control group were given conventional treatment and following.While patients in the experimental group were given comprehensive nursing intervention besides the treatment mentioned above.Then the therapeutic effects were evaluated by filling out brief Fugl-Meyer assessment(FMA) scale and ADL rating scale(FIM).Life satisfaction index A(LSIA) and quality of life index (QLI) were selected to evaluate QOL.Results After treatment,the scores of LSIA and QLI of the control group showed no difference,but these scores of the experimental group were significantly improved,and was better than those of the control group.In addition,both FMA and FIM in these two groups improved obviously compared to those before treatment and the effect of the experimental group was superior to that of the control group.Conclusions The comprehensive nursing intervention can significantly improve extremities function and ADL and QOL of community patients with convalescent stroke.It is economical,simple and suitable to community families with any education background.

Objective To investigate the related factors of phlebitis caused by PICC and support effective preventive nursing measures. Methods 163 patients diagnosed as malignant tumor who first used peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC) were recruited. Patients were observed for 3 months. According to the diagnostic criterion of infection, 34 patients with phlebitis were divided into the phlebitis group and others were divided into the control group. All patients were investigated for general information survey :sex, age, tumor type, allergic history,location of inserted vein, one-time success rate,activity after catheter, elbow bending,phlebitis occurred time, grade and type. Laboratory markers:WBC,neutrophils,immune parameters, fasting plasma glucose. Trait anxiety inventory (T-AI)was used for assessment of emotional state. Case-control study between groups was carried out. Results The results of univariate analysis showed that location of inserted vein,times of inserting vein,activity of inserted limb,elbow bending,blood sugar level and emotion were associated with phlebitis. Sex, age, tumor type, allergic history, immune function,WBC,neutrophils were not involved with phlebitis. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that PICC through basilica vein was the protective factor. Multiple insertions, more activity of inserted limb,durative anxious emotion were the risk factors of phlebitis. Conclusions Different location of vein,times of inserting vein,activity of inserted limb,elbow bending,high blood glucose level and persistent anxious emotion are the risk factors of phlebitis. Taking effective preventive measures before,during, and after PICC can reduce the incidence of phlebitis.

BACKGROUND:As a novel noninvasive method, high frequency ultrasound has been used for the detection of skeletal muscle widely. OBJECTIVE:To detect the thickness of the dorsalLisfrancligament between the first (medial) cuneiform (C1) and second metatarsal (M2) using high frequency ultrasound to evaluate the feasibility and clinical application value of high frequency ultrasound for the detection of theLisfrancjoint. METHODS:Both feet of 100 healthy volunteers were included and the thickness of dorsalLisfranc ligament and the distance between C1 and M2wereexamined using high frequency ultrasound. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The display rate of high frequency ultrasound for the dorsalLisfranc ligament in the 100 healthy volunteers was 100%. There was no significant difference in the thickness of the dorsalLisfrancligament between both feet or sexes in adults(P> 0.05); as did the distance between C1 and M2 (P> 0.05). These findings suggest that visual dorsalLisfrancligament is detected by high frequency ultrasound. The measurement of the distance between C1 and M2by high frequency ultrasound may be a feasible, noninvasive, low-cost, and early diagnostic method forLisfrancinjuries.

Objective To explore the effect of carnosine in the expression of B cell lymphomal/leukemia-2 (bcl-2) and bcl-2-associated X protein (bax) after focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Methods Thirty male SD rats (SPF scale) were ran?domly divided into 3 groups:sham-operated group, model group and carnosine treated group (n=10 for each group). The mid?dle cerebral artery occlusion model (MCAO) was induced in model group and carnosine treated group. Rats were received carnosine [1 000 mg/(kg·d), orally] in carnosine treated group, and the other rats were received the same volume of normal sa?line (NS) in shame-operated group and model group. The neurological deficit score was used to evaluate the neurological function at 24 h and 72 h after MCAO. Morphological changes were observed by HE staining. TCC staining was used to label infarct volume, and immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of bcl-2 and bax. Results Compared with model group, the score of neurological function and infarct volume were significantly declined in carnosine treated group at 72 h after injury (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The changes of ischemic impairment were lighter in carnosine treated group than that of model group. Compared with sham-operated group, the expression levels of bcl-2 and the ratio of bcl-2/bax were de?creased while the expression of bax was increased in model group (P<0.05). Compared with model group, carnosine could sig?nificantly increase the expression of bcl-2 and the ratio of bcl-2/bax, and reduce the expression of bax (P<0.01 or P<0.05). Conclusion Carnosine can enhance bcl-2 expression, decrease bax expression and increase the ratio of bcl-2/bax, which is likely to be one of the mechanisms of neuroprotection.

Objective To discuss the effectiveness of implementation of blending learning in teaching of Fundamental of Nursing.Methods 234 nursing undergraduates were divided into the experimental group and the control group.The experimental group adopted blending learning method,while the control group used traditional teaching method.The final term exam and technical test results were compared between two groups.Results Students' practice scores in the experimental group were higher than those of the control group.In the experimental group,about 90.2％ undergraduates accessed learning resources through online teaching platform,82.4％ students considered that their nursing skills improved and 78.4％ students thought that their self-learning capacity strengthened.Conclusions Blending learning gives students a potential time,environment and recourse to learn.By integrating in-class and after-class studying,undergraduates' self-learning ability and nursing skills improved.