Objective In order to improve the accuracy and efficiency of the measurement of range of motion (ROM) of human lower limbs and simplify process of ROM measurement,an automatic measurement of ROM of human lower limbs based on Kinect technique was proposed and tested in this study.Methods Fifty examinee were randomly divided into 5 groups,namely groups a,b,c,d and e,respectively,each group had 10 members.Using the human skeleton tracking technology from Kinect,the positions of the examinee's lower limbs were captured and tracked by processing the depth data of lower limbs' key joints.Then the information of ROM of hip and knee was output on human-computer interaction interface in real-time.By comparison with traditional manual measurement results,the accuracy of automatic measuring method could be verified.Meanwhile,with the aid of speech recognition and output technology,the mode of warning information transfer and the way of subject switch were optimized.Results According to the method of Grubbs-test and t-test,the ROM values | t | from the subjects' hip abduction (t =0.57,P =0.597),hip adduction (t =0.52,P =0.621),hip anteflexion (t =1.01,P =0.371),hip postextension (t =0.12,P =0.902),hip external rotation (t =0.00,P =1.000),hip internal rotation (t =0.34,P =0.753),knee flexion and extension (t =1.12,P =0.280) all were under the threshold value t0.025 (4) =2.776 on the premise of a level of significance α =0.05,which indicated that there was no significant difference between measured results and expected values(P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The automatic measurement of ROM of lower limbs can be realized which can improve the measurement accuracy,simplify the measurement process and enhance the practicability of ROM of lower limbs measurement.

Objective: To understand physical development of children aged 7 to 12 in the oroqen autonomous banner experimental primary school in the oroqen settlement area from 2013 to 2018, and to provide scientific basis for their physical fitness and health. Methods: According to the standards of "National Student Physical Health Standards (2014 Revised Edition)" and the standards of "Overweight and Obesity Screening for School age Children and Adolescents" issued by the National Health and Family Planning Commission in 2018, the Oroqen Autonomous Banner Experimental Primary School was 7-12 years old. The average value and growth rate of children s height, weight and BMI in the past 6 years. Results: From 2013 to 2018, the height and weight of boys and girls aged 7 to 12 showed an increasing trend, with height growth values of boys were 1.8,1.7,1.9,2.6,5.7,5.9 cm,girls were 2.8,4.5,1.9,1.8,3.6,2.9 cm.And the weight groups values of boys were 2.2,2.5,5.1,6.3,6.4,7.2 kg,girls were 2.4,3.6,3.1,1.3,4.6,3.0 kg. The growth rate of girls aged 7 to 8 was higher than that of boys, and the growth rate of boys aged 9 to 12 was higher than that of girls. With the increase of age, the average BMI of boys and girls aged 7 to 12 showed an upward trend, and the BMI of boys of the same age was always higher than that of girls. Among them, the average BMI of boys aged 7 to 12 in 2018 exceeded the critical value of overweight BMI. Conclusion The physical shape of children aged 7-12 years increases with age, but the development tends to be overweight and obese, which is related to the natural environment of life, lifestyle, and reduction in physical activity.

Objective To explore the rule of transportation in extracellular space (ECS) and the changes induced by the external stimulation with tracer-based MRI.Methods Thirty two mature Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups,i.e.caudate nucleus-control (Cc) group,thalamus-control (Tc) group,caudate nucleus-moving (Cm) group and thalamus pain stimulation (Tp) group.The rats were anesthetized and a series of MR scanning were performed before and after the injection of Gd-DTPA in ECS of caudate nucleus and thalamus until the intensity of Gd-DTPA was invisible.Half-life of Gd-DTPA in ECS was calculated and analyzed with t-test.Results Gd DTPA in caudate nucleus was transported to the ipsilateral cortices away from the injection points,which only distributed on site in the thalamus.The transportation between the two partitions was not observed.The half-life of Tc group ([49.93±2.11] min) was significantly shorter than that of Cc group ([104.30±54.12];t=2.839,P＜0.05),no difference was observed between the Cm group ([113.42±47.32]min) and Cc group (t=0.359,P＞0.05),while half-life of Tp group ([109.40±10.33]min) was significantly longer than that of Tc group (t=15.954,P＜0.05).Conclusion Tracer-based MRI can be used to investigate the rule of transportation in ECS,and the transportation and clearance of substances into the ECS can be influenced by a selective external stimulation.

OBJECTIVETo compare the DNA methylation-related alteration induced by trichloroethylene (TCE) in human hepatic L-02 cells (L-02 cells) and SET deficient cells, and reveal the role of SET on the mechanisms in TCE-induced epigenetic pathway.

METHODSThe L-02 cells and pre-established SET deficient cells were treated with different TCE concentrations, and the changes of total cell viability, DNA methylation level and DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) activity were measured, respectively. In addition, the TCE-induced alteration in the protein expression of DNMT1, DNMT3a and DNMT3b were analyzed by Western blotting.

RESULTSAfter treatment with TCE for 24 h, the cell proliferation level was significantly decreased in both cell lines. When concentrations of TCE were 0, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 8.0 mmol/L, the proliferation levels of L-02 cells were 100.00±2.70, 83.34±2.38, 75.56±4.51, 71.67±2.77 and 66.67±1.63, respectively (F = 58.29, P < 0.001); the cell proliferation levels of SET deficient cells were 101.12±1.67, 85.01±2.33, 79.44±1.67, 78.337±3.89 and 76.11±3.33, respectively (F = 42.41, P < 0.001). When concentration of TCE reached 4.0 mmol/L, the difference of cell proliferation level between two groups was statistically significant (t = -3.51; P = 0.013). After treated by TCE for 24 h, the global DNA methylation significantly decreased in both cell lines (F value was 212.87 and 79.32, respectively, P < 0.001). The difference between two groups was not statistically significant. After treated by TCE for 24 h, the methyltransferases activities were significantly decreased in both cell cells (F values were 77.92 and 113.80, respectively, P-0.001). The SET deficiency could inhibit the decrease of methyltransferases activity under TCE treatment. When the concentration of TCE reached 8.0 mmol/L, the enzymatic activity of L-02 cells and SET deficient cells decreased to 67.61%±2.85% and 72.97%± 1.94%, respectively. The difference between two groups was statistically significant (t = -3.94, P = 0.008). After treated with TCE for 24 h, concentrations of TCE were 0, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 8.0 mmol/L, and the relative protein levels of DNMT1 in normal L-02 cells increased significantly to 1.00±0.03, 1.28±0.04, 1.20±0.04, 1.62±0.05, 1.43±0.04 (F = 103.00, P < 0.001); In SET deficient cells, the expressions of DNMT1 were 1.00±0.04, 0.96±0.02, 1.19±0.05, 0.85±0.03, 0.83±0.03, which was significantly down-regulated under TCE treatment (F = 44.18, P < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONSET deficiency can significantly attenuate the TCE-induced decreases of cell viability and DNMTs activity, as well as alteration of protein expression of DNMT1 in L-02 cells, which indicated that SET was involved in the mechanism of TCE-induced cytotoxicity and epigenetic pathway in L-02 cells.

Cell Line ; Cell Survival ; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1 ; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases ; DNA Methylation ; Humans ; Liver ; Trichloroethylene

Objective To investigate the clinical features and prognostic risk factors of pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) in patients with glomerular disease. Methods The medical charts of all patients with confirmed PCP, diagnosed in Peking University First Hospital from August 2006 to February 2018 were retrospectively reviewed, and 36 cases with glomerular disease were enrolled. Clinical and imaging data were collected and analyzed. Thirty-six patients were divided into survival group and death group. The clinical data, baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), mechanical ventilation and APACHE II score were compared. Results A total of 27 males and 9 females were included, with age of (49.6 ± 17.5) years. All patients were receiving immunosuppressive therapy at the PCP onset, with a median duration of 2.5 months, and none of them was receiving PCP prophylaxis. The main clinical manifestations included fever (100.0% ), dyspnea (75.0% ) and dry cough (61.1% ). Hypoxemia occurred in 97.2% of patients and 17 cases presented as type 1 respiratory failure. Fifteen out of 30(50.0%) patients had CD4+ T cell counts below 200 cells/mm3. Ground glass opacity was the most common finding in CT imaging of 28 patients, followed with grid shadows, consolidation and nodules. Thirty-five patients received trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) as initial therapy, and 17.1% (6/35) of them developed acute kidney injury due to sulfonamide use. Ten patients died during hospitalization, with respiratory failure as the only direct cause of death. Elder age, delayed diagnosis of PCP, mechanical ventilation and high APACHEⅡscores were associated with poor survival. Conclusions PCP is a severe complication of immunosuppressive therapy in patients with glomerular disease. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment are critical to improve prognosis. Hydration prior to sulfonamide treatment and alkalization of urine are necessary to reduce the incidence of acute kidney injury.

We reported a case of a patient dignosed as tuberculosis and severe malnutrition with coronavirus disease 2019 （critical type） treated with a combination of Chinese medicine and Western medicine. Through the retrospective analysis of the diagnosis and treatment process of this patient， on the basis of Chinese medicine's understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of “old state” and “deficient state”， the critical coronavirus pneumonia combined with pulmonary tuberculosis and severe malnutrition was mostly due to the physical condition and the invasion of epidemic toxin， resulting in dysfunctions of the internal organs such as the lungs， spleens， kidneys and other organs. Based on the understanding of the cause and mechanism of the coronavirus disease， the treatment combined Chinese and Western medical therapies was given. The western medicine was used with the main treatments of oxygen therapy， anti-viral， intestinal nutritional support， and anti-coagulation， while the Chinese medicine was used by tonifying qi， blood， yin， and yang， warming yang and dissipating cold， and clearing heat and dampness， then tonifying qi， nourishing yin and eliminating heat， in which tonifying middle and replenishing qi ran through the whole process. The integrated treatment eventually improved the patient's symptoms and accelerated the negative conversion of nucleic acid of the coronavirus.