ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism by which cyclosporine A downregulates transcription of interferon-? gene after murine orthotopic liver transplantation.Methods Orthotopic murine liver transplantation model was employed and rats were divided into 3 groups. GroupⅠ: syngeneic control (Wistar-to-Wistar); GroupⅡ: acute rejection (SD-to-Wistar). GroupⅢ: acute rejection treated with cyclosporine A (SD-to-Wistar+CsA). EMSA was employed to analyze NFAT and NF-?B DNA-binding activity of splenocytes, RT-PCR was employed to analyze IFN-? mRNA transcription intragraft on 1,3,5,7,12 day posttransplant in each group, respectively. Histopathological examination was also performed for reference.Results In comparison to groupⅠ, NFAT and NF-?B DNA-binding activity of splenocytes in groupⅡincreased significantly( P

Objective To study the role of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in preventing allograft acute rejection in rat orthotopic liver transplantation. Method Rats receiving orthotopic liver transplantation were divided into groupⅠ: syngenic control (Wistar-to-Wistar); GroupⅡ:acute rejection (SD-to-Wistar). GroupⅢ: acute rejection treated with cyclosporine; GroupⅣ: acute rejection treated with 1,25-(OH)_ 2 D_ 3 . Liver function, rejection index and IFN-? mRNA, IL-10 mRNA expression level were monitored on d1,5,7,15,30 posttransplantation. Results Survival of recipients in group Ⅳ was significantly prolonged (vs group Ⅱ, P

AIM: To investigate the role of NFAT in cyclosporine A downregulating IFN-? gene transcription after liver transplantation. METHODS: Rat orthotopic liver transplantation model was employed and 3 groups of experiments were performed in this study. GroupⅠ: syngeneic control (Wistar-to-Wistar); GroupⅡ: acute rejection (SD-to-Wistar). GroupⅢ: acute rejection treated with cyclosporine A intramuscularly (SD-to-Wistar+CsA). EMSA and RT-PCR were used to analyze NFAT activity of splenocytes and IFN-? gene transcription intragraft of recipients with or without CsA treatment after liver transplantation. Histopathological assessment was also performed for reference. RESULTS: No noticeable rejection was detected in GroupⅠ while only low level of IFN-? mRNA transcription and faint NFAT activity were measured. In contrast, a marked rejection reaction was demonstrated from day3 postoperation in GroupⅡ. IFN-? mRNA transcription was significant and NFAT activity was intensive. In comparison to GroupⅡ, rejection grade in Group Ⅲ significantly decreased (P

Objective To investigate the potential application of targeting at vascular endothelial growh factor (VEGF) induced apoptosis in leukemic cell lines by combined use of Bevacizumab and chemotherapeutic drug. Methods Leukemic cells were treated with several drugs at different concentrations in culture. The effect of VEGF, Bevacizumab and co-treated with Ara-C on leukemic cells proliferation were evaluated by CCK-8 and apoptosis and cell cycle were detected by flow cytometry (FCM). Results VEGF could enhance the proliferation of leukemic cells and caused a dose-dependent manner on U937 cell. It also increased the percentage of cells in S phase, tested by, and Bevacizumab group was decreased. Apoptotic rate of cells treated with Bevacizumab or co-treated with Bevacizumab and Ara-C for 48 h were significantly higher when compared with control or Ara-C group, respectively (P<0.05), but the apoptotic rate of VEGF group or VEGF and Ara-C group was lower (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in apoptotic rate between control and combined use of VEGF, Bevacizumab and Ara-C group(P>0.05). Conclusion VEGF could enhance the proliferation of some leukemic cells, and may contribute to leukemic cells survival and a resultant resistance to chemotherapy-triggered cell death. The study also showed that leukemic cells growth was significantly inhibited by Bevacizumab through directly against VEGF, and the sensitivity of leukemic cells for chemotherapeutic drug was increased.

Objective To investigate the role of B7/CD28 costimulation pathway blockade with adenovirus-mediated CTLA4-Ig gene in macrophage and CD8~+T cell infiltration and cell apoptosis in murine liver transplantation. Methods Rat pairs were divided into three groups: SD-to-Wistar transplantation control group, CsA-treated group and CTLA4-Ig-treated group. IHC and TUNEL were used to analyze the expression of CTLA4-Ig gene in liver and immune cells infiltrate and cell apoptosis in liver grafts. Pathology was done on all harvested grafts. ResultsCTLA4-Ig gene expression was positive in the donor liver on day 7 after administering adenovirus-mediated CTLA4-Ig gene via vein, and remained positive until day 60 after liver transplantation. Infiltration of immune cells in CTLA4-Ig-treated group was less than that in rejection control group. the apoptotic index of rejection group on day 3,5,7 was significantly higher than those of CTLA4-Ig-treated. Conclusions CTLA4-Ig gene was constantly expressed in the donor liver after single intravenousely injection into rats using adenovirus as vector. Adenovirus-mediated CTLA4-Ig gene therapy can inhibit infiltration of immune cells and apoptosis in grafts, thus prolonging the survival of recipients.

Objective To compare and analyze the event related potential ( ERP ) and behavioral characteristics of sleep disordered breathing ( SDB ) and normal children by the persistent operating test ( CPT-AX) task,and to explore the characteristics and neural mechanism of the cognitive deficits in the left and right brain of school age SDB children. Methods SDB children( n=20) and normal children( n=20) aged 6-8 were selected. All subjects were tested by CPT-AX ( Go/Nogo task) . The ERP behavior of SDB and normal children was recorded,and the N2,P3 amplitude and latency of F3,Fz,F4 lead were compared. Re-sults ( 1) There was no significant difference between SDB group and normal group in behavioral correct number (36. 45±4. 69 vs 35. 00±3. 46),the reaction time ((516. 84±54. 14)ms vs (496. 94±78. 89)ms) and false alarm number( 1. 0 ( 0. 25,3. 75) vs 0. 5 ( 0. 00,3. 00) ) ( all P>0. 05) . ( 2) Comparison of F3,Fz and F4 lead:(1) SDB group:there was no significant difference in Go-N2 amplitude (-7. 75(-12. 03,-1. 09)μV vs (-8. 69±5. 72) μV vs ( -7. 12±4,68)μV) and Nogo-N2 amplitude((-10. 72±4. 49)μV vs (-12. 16±4. 60) μV vs (-11. 78±4. 44) μV) in the left,middle,and right of frontal regions. (2) Control group:there was no statistical difference between F3 and Fz ((-7. 26±3. 18)μV vs (-9. 09±3. 11)μV)(P>0. 05) in N2 amplitude and there was no statistical difference between F3 and F4((-7. 26±3. 18) μV vs (-6. 10±3. 36)μV) in N2 amplitude (P>0. 05). The N2 amplitude difference of Fz and F4 ((-9. 09± 3. 11) μV vs (-6. 10±3. 36)μV ) was statistically significant (P<0. 05). The Nogo-N2 amplitude differ-ence between F3 and Fz((-14. 05±3. 31) μV vs (-15. 50±3. 52) μV) was no statistically significant (P>0. 05) . The left frontal lobe Nogo-N2 amplitude was significantly higher than that of the right frontal lobe ((-14. 05±3. 31) μV vs-11. 75(-12. 68,-10. 43) μV) (P<0. 05),and the center of the frontal lobe No-go-N2 was significantly higher than that in the right frontal lobe((-15. 50±3. 52) μV vs -11. 75(-12. 68,-10. 43) ) ,and the difference was statistically significant (P<0. 05) . ( 3) There was no significant difference in N2 latency,P3 amplitude and latency between F3,Fz and F4 leads (P>0. 05). Conclusion Compared with normal children,SDB children showed no left dominant brain region while dealing with the same conflict monitoring tasks. It is suggested that left hemisphere activation is poor and function is incompatible. Left fron-tal lobe injury in SDB is more obvious than that in the right side.

Objective To investigate the characteristics of cognitive development of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) degree centrality (DC) from the view of neuro-imaging.Methods Forty-five ADHD children were diagnosed at specialist clinic of Changzhou Children's Hospital,Nantong University from June 2015 to December 2016,and they were divided into 3 groups according to their ages (children aged 7-8 years old,9-10 years old and 11-12 years old,15 children in each group) and received the resting-state fMRI scans.DC value was used to analyze fMRI data.Comparative analysis was done pairwise between the three groups.Results Compared with 7-8 years old group,9-10 years old group showed lower DC value in cerebellum posterior lobe (t =-4.36) and higher DC in inferior parietal lobe (t =-5.86),and the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05,after correction).Compared with 7-8 years old group,11-12 years old group showed lower DC value in cerebellum posterior lobe (t =-4.99) and higher DC in left superior temporal gyrus (t =5.18) and superior frontal gyrus (t =4.58),and the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05,after correction).Compared with 9-10 years old group,11-12 years old group showed lower DC value in inferior parietal lobe (t =-5.71) and higher DC value in left superior temporal gyrus (t =5.05) and superior frontal gyrus (t =4.36),and all the differences were statistically significant (all P ＜ 0.05,after correction).Conclusion Children with ADHD at different ages had different characteristics of brain regions of fMRI.It can offer objective evidence for early cognitive intervention of children with ADHD at different ages.

Objective To explore the characteristics of functional connectivity based on cerebellum at resting state and the brain functions related to cognitive function on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).Methods Thirty ADHD children (ADHD group) were diagnosed at ADHD Specialist Clinic of Changzhou Children's Hospital,Nantong University from June 2015 to July 2017,and 33 healthy children (healthy control group) were selected from a normal school in Changzhou.Then,they received the functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)scans.Finally,the differences of the characteristics of functional connectivity were compared between the 2 groups based on cerebellum which had been found with dysfunction on the previous study of amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation.Results It all showed positive activated brain regions when comparing ADHD group and healthy control group based on left cerebellum (-49.5,-58.5,-18.5) as ADHD children's functional connectivity scores were higher in left middle frontal gyrus [volume =835 mm3,coordinate (-27,-21,51)],right middle frontal gyrus [volume =755 mm3,coordinate(45,-3,6)],right superior temporal gyrus [volume =256 mm3,coordinate (45,-24,-6)],left limbic lobe[volume =513 mm3,coordinate (-15,-3,-18)],and there were statistically significant differences between the 2 groups (t =4.10,4.38,3.97,3.32,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions There exist abnormal functional connectivity between cerebellum and left middle frontal gyrus,right middle frontal gyrus,right superior temporal gyrus and left limbic lobe.It may be one of the brain mechanisms of the main clinical manifestations of the decreasing of attention,hyperactivity and impulsiveness and the dysfunction of cognitive function.

Objective To explore the functional properties of the brain's resting state networks in neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.Methods Use the methods of functional MRI probabilistic tractography and graph theory to compare the global and local functional properties of the brain's resting state network between 12 cases of children with mild HIE and 14 cases of children with moderate/severe HIE.Results In terms of global topological properties,both the mild and moderate/severe group showed small-world properties.The γ and λ in the mild group were 2.450± 1.642 and 1.542±0.564 and in the moderate/severe group were 2.331± 1.554 and 1.353±0.672,respectively,which were in line with the characteristics of small-world properties (γ＞ 1 and λ ≈ 1).As far as local topological properties were concerned,the distribution of hub regions in the functional networks had smaller number of nodes in the moderate/severe group (8 nodes) than the mild group (14 nodes).The comparison of nodal efficiencies showed that the moderate/severe group had significantly reduced nodal efficiency in the left insula opercula,left supramarginal gyrus,left and right temporal pole and right middle temporal gyrus(the nodal efficiencies of the moderate/severe group:0.4089±0.0865,0.3377±0.1223,0.3842±0.0898,0.3508±0.1295,0.3564±0.0843;the nodal efficiencies of the mild group:0.4801±0.0762,0.4465±0.0898,0.4655 ±0.0812,0.4640±0.0690,0.4271±0.0636,all P＜0.05).Conclusion The topological structure of resting state functional network in children with moderate and severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is obviously backward than that in children with mild hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy,which may be related to abnormal language,movement and cognitive function in the late stage.