Aiming at local field potential, the present paper introduces a method of estimating lag of neuron activities between brain areas based on windowed Harmonic wavelet transform (WHWT). Firstly, the WHWT of signals of two brain areas are calculated. Secondly, the instantaneous amplitude of the signals is calculated and finally, these amplitudes are cross-correlated and the lag at which the cross-correlation peak occurs is determined as the lag of neurons activities. Comparing with amplitude cross-correlation based on Gabor wavelet transform (GWT) or Hilbert transform (HT), this method is more precise and efficient in estimating the directionality and lag.
Brain ; physiology ; Humans ; Neurons ; physiology ; Wavelet Analysis

ObjectiveTo investigate the mechanism by which cyclosporine A downregulates transcription of interferon-? gene after murine orthotopic liver transplantation.Methods Orthotopic murine liver transplantation model was employed and rats were divided into 3 groups. GroupⅠ: syngeneic control (Wistar-to-Wistar); GroupⅡ: acute rejection (SD-to-Wistar). GroupⅢ: acute rejection treated with cyclosporine A (SD-to-Wistar+CsA). EMSA was employed to analyze NFAT and NF-?B DNA-binding activity of splenocytes, RT-PCR was employed to analyze IFN-? mRNA transcription intragraft on 1,3,5,7,12 day posttransplant in each group, respectively. Histopathological examination was also performed for reference.Results In comparison to groupⅠ, NFAT and NF-?B DNA-binding activity of splenocytes in groupⅡincreased significantly( P

Objective To study the role of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in preventing allograft acute rejection in rat orthotopic liver transplantation. Method Rats receiving orthotopic liver transplantation were divided into groupⅠ: syngenic control (Wistar-to-Wistar); GroupⅡ:acute rejection (SD-to-Wistar). GroupⅢ: acute rejection treated with cyclosporine; GroupⅣ: acute rejection treated with 1,25-(OH)_ 2 D_ 3 . Liver function, rejection index and IFN-? mRNA, IL-10 mRNA expression level were monitored on d1,5,7,15,30 posttransplantation. Results Survival of recipients in group Ⅳ was significantly prolonged (vs group Ⅱ, P

AIM: To investigate the role of NFAT in cyclosporine A downregulating IFN-? gene transcription after liver transplantation. METHODS: Rat orthotopic liver transplantation model was employed and 3 groups of experiments were performed in this study. GroupⅠ: syngeneic control (Wistar-to-Wistar); GroupⅡ: acute rejection (SD-to-Wistar). GroupⅢ: acute rejection treated with cyclosporine A intramuscularly (SD-to-Wistar+CsA). EMSA and RT-PCR were used to analyze NFAT activity of splenocytes and IFN-? gene transcription intragraft of recipients with or without CsA treatment after liver transplantation. Histopathological assessment was also performed for reference. RESULTS: No noticeable rejection was detected in GroupⅠ while only low level of IFN-? mRNA transcription and faint NFAT activity were measured. In contrast, a marked rejection reaction was demonstrated from day3 postoperation in GroupⅡ. IFN-? mRNA transcription was significant and NFAT activity was intensive. In comparison to GroupⅡ, rejection grade in Group Ⅲ significantly decreased (P

It is known that extracorporeal shock wave (SW) may promote healing of fracture. A previous study reported that SW promoted human bone marrow stromal cells (hMSCs) towards osteoblasts in vitro. To study the osteogenesis ability of hMSCs treated by shock wave in porous hydroxyapatite (HA) in vivo, primary hMSCs of SW group and control group were cultured in the porous HA for 2 weeks and then implanted into subcutaneous sites of nude mouse. These implants were harvested and prepared for the biochemical analysis of alkaline phosphatase activity by AKP kit, histological analysis of decalcified and undecalcified sections and morphology by scan electric microscope (SEM), as well as osteocalcin mRNA expression by RT- PCR 4 weeks and 8 weeks after implantation. It showed that cells of SW and control group almost covered the rough surface of HA before implantation and the extracelluar matrix of SW group was abundant by SEM photomicrograph . The histological analysis and SEM photomicrograph showed active bone formation 4 weeks and 8 weeks after implantation, as well as tetracycline labeling under fluoroscopy analysis in SW group. Alkaline phosphatase in supernatants of the implants detected 4 weeks and 8 weeks after implantation in SW group was higher than in control group (P

Objective To study the clinical characteristics,pathological type,diagnosis,treatment and follow-up result of the primary tumors of the sacrum.Methods The cases of 18 patients with primary tumors of the sacrum were treated by operation(12 cases with chordoma,1 case with osteosarcoma,5 cases with giant cell tumor of bone),patients with chordoma performed by radiotherapy after operation,and all patients had been followed up for 4～8 years.Results 15 patients were cured and 3 patients were recurred after operation.Conclusions Chordoma is the most frequent tumor in primary sacrum tumor.This kind of tumor should be treated by surgical and other assist methods.

Objective To investigate the role of B7/CD28 costimulation pathway blockade with adenovirus-mediated CTLA4-Ig gene in macrophage and CD8~+T cell infiltration and cell apoptosis in murine liver transplantation. Methods Rat pairs were divided into three groups: SD-to-Wistar transplantation control group, CsA-treated group and CTLA4-Ig-treated group. IHC and TUNEL were used to analyze the expression of CTLA4-Ig gene in liver and immune cells infiltrate and cell apoptosis in liver grafts. Pathology was done on all harvested grafts. ResultsCTLA4-Ig gene expression was positive in the donor liver on day 7 after administering adenovirus-mediated CTLA4-Ig gene via vein, and remained positive until day 60 after liver transplantation. Infiltration of immune cells in CTLA4-Ig-treated group was less than that in rejection control group. the apoptotic index of rejection group on day 3,5,7 was significantly higher than those of CTLA4-Ig-treated. Conclusions CTLA4-Ig gene was constantly expressed in the donor liver after single intravenousely injection into rats using adenovirus as vector. Adenovirus-mediated CTLA4-Ig gene therapy can inhibit infiltration of immune cells and apoptosis in grafts, thus prolonging the survival of recipients.

Objective To analyze the diagnostic sensitivity and related impact factors of T cell spot test of tuberculosis (T‐SPOT .TB ) test in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS )/tuberculosis (TB) patients .Methods Ninety‐two confirmed cases with AIDS/TB coinfection were tested by T‐SPOT . TB ,and the impact of CD4+ T cells counts on the diagnostic sensitivity was analyzed .Multivariate Logistic analysis was used for the analysis of impact factors of T‐SPOT .TB sensitivity .Blood samples of 19 cases with advanced stage AIDS/TB from January 2015 to January 2016 were collected ,and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC ) were isolated by Ficoll method , and lymphocytes were isolated by Percoll method .McNemar test was used for the comparison of these two methods .Results Among the 92 patients with AIDS/TB ,T‐SPOT .TB tests were positive in 51 cases ,with positive rate of 55 .4% .The sensitivity was 26 .3% (10/38) when CD4+ T cell count less than 20/μL ,and that was 92 .9% (13/14) when CD4+ T cell more than 200/μL .In Logistic analysis ,the sensitivity of T‐SPOT .TB test in patients with extra‐pulmonary tuberculosis was better than that in pulmonary tuberculosis patients (OR=3 .042 , P=0 .038) .The sensitivity of T‐SPOT .TB was positively correlated with CD4+ T cell count ,and the sensitivity increased by 2 .889 times when CD4+ T cells increasing 100/μL (OR=3 .889 ,P=0 .016) .The percentage of lymphocytes in PBMC was also positively correlated with T‐SPOT .TB positivity ,and the sensitivity increased by 1 .393 times when the percentage increasing 30% (OR=2 .393 ,P=0 .045) .When Percoll was used for lymphocytes isolation ,the T‐SPOT .TB sensitivity was 52 .6% (10/19) ,and when Ficoll was used for PBMC isolation ,the sensitivity was 36 .8% (7/19) .The difference was not statistically significant (P=0 .375) .Conclusion The sensitivity of T‐SPOT .TB test based on lymphocytes is higher than that based on PBMC .

We have brought forward a wavelet-based algorithm for electroencephalograph (EEG) signals--using scale dependent threshold based on median. In comparison with the universal threshold and Sure threshold, our proposed threshold, which is adaptive to the subband noise signals, preserves the noise free reconstruction property and takes lower risk than does the universal threshold; and our proposed threshold overcomes the drawback of Sure threshold. Evidently, the scale dependent threshold based on median is computationally simple and can obtain higher singal-to-noise ratio (SNR) it outperforms the universal threshold and Sure threshlold.
Algorithms ; Artifacts ; Electroencephalography ; Humans ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted

ssociated genes,especially down-regulated expression of T cell mediated function genes,in patients with PE indicates that the etiology of PE might be related to viral infection.