To counteract the immune system in parasitic hosts, some viruses encode proteins to suppress the RNA interference (RNAi) effect. In this report, we established two RNAi systems to be easily observed with strong and obvious effect. The function of the P19 of tomato bushy stunt virus, which suppresses RNAi in mammal cells, was then studied using these two systems. Short hairpin RNAs targeting green fluorescence protein (pshRNA-GFP) and firefly luciferase (pshRNA-luc) were designed and inserted into a eukaryotic transcriptional vector pTZU6+1, respectively. The shRNA expressing vectors were co-transfected with plasmids containing the target gene with or without P19. The GFP expression level was assayed by fluorescence microscopy, Western blotting and RT-PCR. The luciferase expression level was analyzed by the dual-luciferase assay system. pshRNA designed in this study down-regulated the target gene specifically and efficiently, with a decrease of expression of both genes of about 70%, respectively. When P19 was introduced into the RNAi systems, the expression of both GFP and the luciferase were mostly recovered compared with the control groups. The RNAi systems of GFP and luciferase were constructed successfully, demonstrating that P19 of tomato bushy stunt virus has the ability to counteract the RNAi effect induced by shRNA in mammal cells.

Objective: To observe the effects of manganese( Ⅲ ) meso-tetrakis (N, N'-diethylimidazolium-2-yl) porphyrin (MnTDM) in treatment of early Parkinson's disease(PD) mouse model induced by subcutaneous injection of 1-methyl-4-phenyl1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP) and to discuss its possible mechanism. Methods:Forty male C57BL/6 mice were evenly randomized into 4 groups: MPTP model group(subcutaneous injection of 25 mg/kg MPTP for 3 days), MnTDM+ MPTP group (15 mg/kg MnTDM was subcutaneously injected 1 h before MPTP injection), MnTDM control group, and normal saline group. Performance of animals in the pole and swimming test was observed 3 days after the last injection. Levels of dopamine (DA) and its metabolites(3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid [DOPAC] and homovanillic acid [HVA]) in the striatum of animals were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography with an electrochemical detector(HPLC-ECD). Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method was used to examine the levels of malondialdehyde(MDA). Results: Acute injection of MPTP could be used for establishment of PD model. The striatal levels of DA, DOPAC and HVA in MPTP group were significantly lower(P＜0.01)and the striatal level of MDA was significantly higher(P＜0.05) than those of the control group. MPTP had no obvious effect on the behavioral performance of the animals in a short term. MnTDM could partly inhibit the above effects of MPTP. Compared with MPTP group, MnTDM+ MPTP group had significantly higher DA, DOPAC, and HVA levels and significantly lower MDA level(all P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in the behavioral indices of animals between the 4 groups. Conclusion:MnTDM can inhibit lipid peroxidation and promote DA production; it has preventive and therapeutic effects on MPTP induced PD.

Objective To study the gene expression profile in mice kidney with acute paraquat (PQ) poisoning and identify key genes related to renal injury.Methods A total of 20 mice (C57BL/6) were randomly (random number) divided into four groups, namely control group (group A, n =5) and poisoned groups (groups B, C, D, n =5/group).In group A, mice were administrated with distilled water (0.01 mL/g weight) while in groups B, C, D were administered with equivalent volume of PQ solution (diluted from 20％ to 0.05％ with distilled water) dissolved in distilled water via a gastric tube.Mice of group A were sacrificed immediately and mice of groups B and C at 6 h and 24 h after administration of PQ.The gene expression profile changes of kidney tissue were measured by cDNA Arraychip technology.Mice of group D were observed for mortality rate 48 h later.Results The body weights of mice decreased significantly after administration of PQ.The mortality in group D at 48 h after PQ poisoning was 100％.Compared with the control group, totally 1 792 genes with differential expression variations were identified in 6 h group and 24 h group.There were 8 key genes selected through bioinformatics analysis and they were arranged in real-time PCR: Nlrc5 , Serpinb9 , Cd40 , Rnf135 , Dhx58 , Spl 10 , Fcgrl , and Arhgef12.And then, Nlrc5 , Serpinb9 and Rnf135 were under Western blot investigation.The results of PCR and Western blot showed no significant difference to those from bioinformatics genetic analysis.Conclusions The investigation based on genome wide chip in researching related genes of PQ kidney has offered a novel idea in studying pathogenesis of acute PQ intoxication.

Objective Toinvestigate the metabolic characteristics of triglyceride (TG) in the plasma of rabbitswith steroid?induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head and the therapeutic effect of Gushiling Capsule. Methods Rabbit model of femoral head necrosis induced by hormone was established. The level of plasma TG was detected by HPLC/MS and the relationship between the changes of plasma TG level and local histomorphology of femoral head was analyzed. Results Compared with the normal control group, significant changes of plasma TG levels were observed in the model group, the traditional Chinese medicine group and the western medicine group at each time point (P<0.01). However, no significant difference was found between the traditional Chinese medicine group and the western medicine group. Compared with the model group, only a small amount of high signal joint imaging and central signal of the femoral head were found by the MRI examination in the traditional Chinese medicine group and the western medicine group. Pathology assay results showed the degree of femoral head osteonecrosis in the Chinese medicine group was milder than that in the Western medicine group. Conclusion Gushiling Capsule and western medicine Simvastatin have the similar effect of reducing plasma TG, which may be one of the mechanisms underlying Gushiling Capsule preventing steroid?induced femoral head necrosis.

This study was aimed to establish a stable animal model of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) to provide theoretical and experimental basis for understanding the development of LVH. The abdominal aorta of male Wistar rats (80-100 g) was constricted to a diameter of 0.55 mm between the branches of the celiac and anterior mesenteric arteries. Echocardiography using a linear phased array probe was performed as well as pathological examination and plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) measurement at 3, 4 and 6 weeks after abdominal aortic constriction (AAC). The results showed that the acute mortality rate (within 24 h) of this modified rat model was 8%. Animals who underwent AAC demonstrated significantly increased interventricular septal (IVS), LV posterior wall (LVPWd), LV mass index (LVMI), cross-sectional area (CSA) of myocytes, and perivascular fibrosis; the ejection fraction (EF), fractional shortening (FS), and cardiac output (CO) were consistently lower at each time point after AAC. Notably, differences in these parameters between AAC group and sham group were significant by 3 weeks and reached peaks at 4th week. Following AAC, the plasma BNP was gradually elevated compared with the sham group at 3rd and 6th week. It was concluded that this modified AAC model can develop LVH, both stably and safely, by week four post-surgery; echocardiography is able to assess changes in chamber dimensions and systolic properties accurately in rats with LVH.

Objective To explore the relationship between social participation and needs for rehabilitation of the disabled in Guangdong Province and to make a proposal for developing the rehabilitation strategies. Meth-ods The data of the Second National Sample Survey of Disabled Persons in Guangdong Province was used in this study. Ranked data analysis was made with the sub-items of the social participation assessment and the main needs of the disabled individuals. Results Significantly statistical differences were revealed with regard to the constitu-ent ratio of needs for rehabilitation services among people with different degrees of difficulties in social participation caused by hearing and visual impairments as well as physical and mental disabilities. No significant difference was found in terms of the constituent ratio of rehabilitation needs among those with difficulties in speech and those with psychiatric diseases. The major rehabilitation needs focused on medical service, assistive apparatus support and functional trainings. Conclusions The rehabilitation needs were different among different categories of disabled persons. Rehabilitation services should be provided accordingly.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of HCV NS5A protein on HCV IRES-dependent translation in HepG2 cells.

METHODSHepG2 cells were co-transfected with a plasmid vector containing a bicistronic transcript carrying Renilla luciferase and firefly luciferase genes separated by HCV IRES sequences, and an expressing vector producing the NS5A protein. The luciferase activity and the mRNA of the luciferase gene were then detected. The NS5A expression was confirmed by fluorescence microscopy.

RESULTSHCV NS5A protein was detected in the cytoplasm of the HepG2 cells transfected with pcDNA-NS5A, and the luciferase activity was up-regulated in the presence of the HCV NS5A protein while the expression of luciferase mRNA showed no difference.

CONCLUSIONHCV NS5A protein can upregulate the HCV IRES activity and this effect is dose-dependent with NS5A.

Hep G2 Cells ; Hepacivirus ; genetics ; metabolism ; Humans ; Plasmids ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Ribosomes ; metabolism ; Transfection ; Viral Nonstructural Proteins ; metabolism

Objective To compare the biological characteristics of eyeballs between Zmu-1:DHP and DHP guinea pigs,and to explore the retinal mechanism of myopia in Zmu-1:DHP guinea pigs. Methods To measure the refraction, corneal curvature and axial length of the two guinea pig strains at age of 4-12 weeks. Those spontaneous myopic Zmu-1:DHP guinea pigs were chosen to take the retina for pathological examination. The pathological changes in the retina were determined and compared with the DHP guinea pigs. The expression of RALDH, ALDHTH, TH, TK, iNOS, nNOS, bFGF and TGFβ mRNA in the retina were detected by real time-PCR. Results The myopic rate of 3-week old Zmu-1:DHP guinea pigs was 90.21%,while of the DHP guinea pig was only 18.00%. From 4 to 12 weeks, compared with the DHP guinea pigs,myopia and axial length of the Zmu-1:DHP guinea pigs were significantly increased(P<0.01),and the corneal curvature of Zmu-1:DHP guinea pigs was significantly less than the DHP guinea pigs(P<0.01). The retina outer nuclear layer of Zmu-1:DHP guinea pigs was reduced in thickness,the cell volume was smaller,and the cell number was less compared with the DHP guinea pigs. The choroid of Zmu-1:DHP guinea pigs showed atrophy and became thinner. There were few pigment granules in the pigment epithelium of Zmu-1:DHP guinea pigs,while there were plenty of pigment granules in the DHP guinea pigs. Compared with the DHP guinea pigs,the expression of TH mRNA was significantly down-regulated in the retina of Zmu-1:DHP guinea pigs(P<0.01),and the expression of TK,iNOS,nNOS,bFGF and TGFβ was significantly down-regulated(P<0.01, P <0.05, P <0.05, P <0.05, P <0.05). Conclusions Zmu-1:DHP strain guinea pig has a high rate of spontaneous axial myopia. The retinal mechanism of myopia has a relationship with the regulation of several myopia factors.

Objective To observe the impact of local pain,skin reactions and residual dose of medication with different methods subcutaneous injection of peginterferon alfa-2a solution.Methods Using the self-control methods,80 chronic hepatitis B patients were injected peginterferon alfa-2a solution with the conventional and improved subcutaneous injection respectively.Then,observed and compared the effect of two injection methods.Results The patients' local pain (25％ vs 75％,u =6.39,P ＜0.01),local skin ecchymosis (97.50％vs 77.50％,u =3.8517,P ＜0.01) and the residual drugs[(0.011 ±0.008) vs (0.052 ±0.010)ml,t' =28.635 6,P ＜ 0.05] were lower in patients using improved subcutaneous injection method than in patients using conventional subcutaneous injection method.Patients and nurses were significantly approved the improved subcutaneous injection method than that of conventional injection method (97.50％ vs 35.00％,100.00％ vs 38.75％,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions Injection of peginterferon alfa-2a solution with the improved subcutaneous injection will reduce the patients'local pain,ecchymosis and the residual amount of drugs,improve the accuracy of the dosage,lower the economic burden of patients and endorsed by the patients and nurses,which is better than conventional subcutaneous injection.

Objective To observe the local reactions of the patient after subcutaneous injection of thymosin in different perspective.Methods 80 cases of chronic hepatitis B patients were injected thymosin α:using subcutaneous injection with conventional obliquely injection and vertical injection as self-control.Effect of the two methods,including local pain and injection site skin reactions were observed and compared.Results The rates of mild-moderate pain and severe pain of vertical injection were 93.75％ and 6.25％,while those of conventional obliquely injection were 62.50％ and 37.50％.The local pain of vertical injection was lower than conventional obliquely injection (x2 =22.86,P ＜ 0.05 ),and the local skin reaction was lighter than conventional obliquely injection ( x2 =5.77,P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusions Subcutaneous injection of thymosin α1 with vertical perspective can reduce the degree of local pain and reaction and is superior to conventional injection.