This study aims to explore the impact on patient's liver and kidney function by different dosage of Kudiezi injection. This study retrospectively analyzed 15 228 patients' records from 18 nationwide general hospital information system (HIS). All patients were treated with Kudiezi injection, 1 956 patients that were given doses of > 40 mL, which is above the recommended dose, acted as the observation group. Fifty-five patients receiving the recommended dose of < 40 mL were the control group. Data about alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine (Cr) and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) were collected before and after using Kudiezi injection, changes after treatment were outcomes. Also recorded were: age, costs, length of hospitalization and the patients' condition on admission. Propensity score method was used to balance 71 confounding variables such as gender, age, mortality, and costs. There were no significant difference on the four indexes between the two groups. It is hard to conclude that the use of Kudiezi injection over the recommended dose could influence the four indexes of liver and kidney from this data analysis. More conclusive evidence should be collected by further prospective study.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alanine Transaminase ; metabolism ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; metabolism ; Blood Urea Nitrogen ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hospital Information Systems ; Humans ; Injections ; Kidney ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Liver ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

This study aims to assess if adverse drug reactions (ADRs) to Kudiezi injection are allergic in origin. Hospital information system (HIS) data from 18 hospitals in China were used to carry out a nested case control design study. Included were patients who received dexamethasone for suspected allergic reactions after receiving Kudiezi injection. These were compared with non-allergic reaction people. Single factor logistic regression and multiple factor logistic regression were used to analyze data. Condition on admission, allergic history, dosage, disease status and drug combinations were taken into account in cases of suspected allergic reactions. After analysis in two subgroups we found that the condition on solvents had a significant effect, P values were 0.005 5 and < 0.000 1 on suspected cases of allergic reactions. For the first subgroup analysis, we found using other eight injections at the same time as Kudiezi injection could be risk factors in suspected cases of allergic reactions. For the second subgroup analysis combining using mannitol or fructose could increase risks. Based on this current research, condition on admission as well as the concomitant use of some other drugs may be the risk factors in suspected cases of allergic reactions. However, further research for verification is required. This study can provide guidance for safe clinical practice in using Kudiezi injection.
Adult ; Aged ; Case-Control Studies ; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions ; diagnosis ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Hospital Information Systems ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; diagnosis ; Injections ; Male ; Middle Aged

To systematically review the incidence rate of adverse drug reaction/event by Qingkailing injection. Such databases as the PubMed, EMbase, the Cochrane library, CNKI, VIP WanFang data and CBM were searched by computer from foundation to July 30, 2015. Two reviewers independently screened literature according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, extracted data and cross check data. Then, Meta-analysis was performed by using the R 3.2.0 software, subgroup sensitivity analysis was performed based on age, mode of medicine, observation time and research quality. Sixty-three studies involving 9,793 patients with Qingkailing injection were included, 367 cases of adverse reactions/events were reported in total. The incidence rate of adverse reaction in skin and mucosa group was 2% [95% CI (0.02; 0.03)]; the digestive system adverse reaction was 6% [95% CI(0.05; 0.07); the injection site adverse reaction was 4% [95% CI (0.02; 0.07)]. In the digestive system as the main types of adverse reactions/events, incidence of children and adults were 4.6% [0.021 1; 0.097 7] and 6.9% [0.053 5; 0.089 8], respectively. Adverse reactions to skin and mucous membrane damage as the main performance/event type, the observation time > 7 days and ≤ 7 days incidence of 3% [0.012 9; 0.068 3] and 1.9% [0.007 8; 0.046 1], respectively. Subgroup analysis showed that different types of adverse reactions, combination in the incidence of adverse reactions/events were higher than that of single drug, the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). This study suggested the influence factors of adverse reactions occur, and clinical rational drug use, such as combination, age and other fators, and the influence factors vary in different populations. Therefore, clinical doctors for children and the elderly use special care was required for a clear and open spirit injection, the implementation of individualized medication.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Injections ; Male ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo clone pIA and pIB genes of Neisseria gonorrhoeae,and to construct pIA-pIB fusion gene and its prokaryotic expression system, and to establish enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on rPIA-PIB for detecting serum and pus samples from gonorrhea patients and to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA.

METHODSpIA-pIB fusion gene was constructed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using linking primers and a prokaryotic expression system of the fusion gene was constructed by using routine molecular biological methods. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) plus BioRad Gel Image Analyzer was used to measure the expression of the target recombinant protein rPIA-PIB. Ni-NTA affinity chromatography was performed to extract and purify rPIA-PIB. An ELISA by using rPIA-PIB as the coated antigen for detecting the specific IgG against rPIA and/or rPIB in gonorrhea patients' sera as well as another ELISA by using rPIA-PIB antiserum as the first antibody for detecting the rPIA and/or rPIB in gonorrhea patients' pus samples were established. In these experiments, ELISAs associated with rPIA, rPIB and their antisera were applied as the controls.

RESULTS100% similarities of the nucleotide and putative amino acid sequences of the pIA-pIB fusion gene were confirmed when compared with the original sequences. The output of rPIA-PIB was 29.8% of the total bacterial proteins. The purified rPIA-PIB only showed a single target protein segment in gel after SDS-PAGE. Using a positive rate (98.3%) of rPIA-PIB-IgG-ELISA to detect 119 cases of gonorrhea patients' serum samples was remarkably higher than that of rPIA-IgG-ELISA (30.3%) or rPIB-IgG-ELISA (66.4%) (P<0.01). The positive rate (91.6%) of rPIA-PIB-ELISA to detect 119 cases of gonorrhea patients' pus samples was also significantly higher than that of rPIA-IgG-ELISA (27.7%) or rPIB-IgG- ELISA (62.2%) (P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONIn this study we successfully constructed pIA-pIB fusion gene of N. gonorrhoeae and its prokaryotic expression system while rPIA-PIB showed obvious superiority used as the antigen in gonorrhea associated detection kits compared to both the rPIA and rPIB.

Antigens, Bacterial ; immunology ; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; methods ; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial ; Humans ; Neisseria gonorrhoeae ; genetics ; immunology ; metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; genetics ; immunology ; metabolism

Fibrolase is a non-hemorrhagic zinc metalloproteinase isolated from southern copperhead snake venom (Agkistrodon contortrix contortrix) and is capable of degrading fibrin clots resulting from purified fibrinogen or from blood plasma. Alfimeprase, a truncated form of fibrolase, as a clinical agent was successfully completed PhaseII clinical trials.The cDNA of alfimeprase was amplified by recursive PCR, digested with BamHI and HindII, and cloned into pET43.1a, pMALp2X and pMALc2X vectors to generate fusions with NusA, MBP and sMBP(with signal peptide), respectively. Nus/alfimeprase was expressed in soluble form by co-expressing with chaperone FkpA and inducing with1mmol/L IPTG. The fusion protein accounted for about 25 % of total protein following cell lysis. Alfimeprase was successfully purifiesd by Ni-NTA affinity chromatography and cleaved by enterokinase. The results demonstrate the fibrinolytic activity of recombinant alfimeprase using fibrin plate assays and fibrinogen hydrolysis.

Objective To investigate the effect of extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) on early and mid-term knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Methods 70 patients were randomly assigned to ESWT group (n=34) or control group (n=36). The ESWT group was given shock wave on unilateral knee, while the control group accepted shock wave with the energy density of 0. They were evaluated with Visual Analog Scale (VAS) on movement, Lequesne Index and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) Osteoarthritis Index before and 12 weeks after the intervention. Results The scores of VAS, Lequesne Index and WOMAC Osteoarthritis Index improved more in the ESWT group than in the control group after intervention (P<0.01). Conclusion ESWT is effective on KOA as a non-surgical treatment.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of microRNA-100 (miR-100) in human gastric cancer cells and its role of miR-100 in migration, invasion and proliferation in gastric cancer cell line SGC7901.

METHODSTotal RNAs were extracted from formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue samples of SGC7901 cells, gastric cancer (50 cases), non-tumor (18 cases) and lymph nodes with metastases (18 cases). The expression of miR-100 was examined by reverse transcription (RT)-qPCR. Additionally, SGC7901 cells were transfected with Pre-miR-100 and negative control constructs, and then their ability of migration, invasion and proliferation in vitro was documented after 48 hours.

RESULTSRT-qPCR showed that although miR-100 expressed in all samples, compared to non-tumour tissues, the expression was lower both in SGC7901 cells and gastric cancer tissues (P = 0.0077, P < 0.01). SGC7901 cells and primary gastric cancer tissues with lymph nodes metastasis had lower miR-100 expression than those of without lymph node metastasis (P = 0.0361, P = 0.0356). The migration ability and invasion of SGC7901 cells transfeced with pre-miR-100 decreased as compared with control cells (P = 0.0025, P = 0.0028 respectively). However, miR-100 expression had no significant effects on the cell proliferation.

CONCLUSIONSExpression of miR-100 inhibits the migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells without significant alteration of proliferation. Therefore, miR-100 may play an inhibitory role in the progression of gastric carcinoma.

Adult ; Aged ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Movement ; Cell Proliferation ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Male ; MicroRNAs ; genetics ; metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Stomach Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; Transfection

AIM:To evaluate the long-term clinical efficacy of Shotfile software for the myopia patients with presbyopia.METHODS:A total of 43 cases (82 eyes) over the age of 35 myopia patients were treated with laser corneal surgery in our hospital,added Shotfile software at the same time,and followed up for 3a.The uncorrected visual acuity(the distance and near vision),diopter change and visual satisfaction rate were observed at 1,2 and 3a after operation.RESULTS:At 1a after operation,there were 81 eyes (99％) with the uncorrected distance visual acuity reached the preoperative best corrected visual acuity,and 75 eyes (91％) with the uncorrected near visual acuity above 0.66,the average value of the spherical equivalent was (-0.64±0.63)D,the overall satisfaction rate was 91％.At 2a after operation,there were 79 eyes (96％) with the uncorrected distance visual acuity reached the preoperative best corrected visual acuity,and 69 eyes (84％) with the uncorrected near visual acuity above 0.66,the average value of the spherical equivalent was (-0.62±0.59) D,the overall satisfaction rate was 86％.At 3a after operation,There were 77 eyes (94％) with the uncorrected distance visual acuity reached the preoperative best corrected visual acuity,and 62 eyes (76％) with the uncorrected near visual acuity above 0.66,the average value of the spherical equivalent was (-0.55 ± 0.56) D,the overall satisfaction rate was 81％.Intraoperative or postoperative serious complications were not found in all the cases,1 eye of spherical equivalent with-10.0D was found-1.75D back after 1a,respected the willingness of patient for the second correction.CONCLUSION:Shotfile software for the patients myopia with presbyopia is safe and stable in the long-term clinical treatment,and the patient satisfaction is higher,but the near visual ability of some patients may be weakened with the prolongation of time,preoperative communication with patients should be fully.

Objective To study the endoscopic anatomical structures in retroperitoneal space and to share experiences of retroperitoneoscopic radical nephrectomy. Methods Between January 2006 and March 2008, a total of 85 patients underwent retroperitoneoscopic radical nephrectomy. Thirty-eight tumors were on the left kidney and 47 on the right side. The mean tumor size was 5.5± 1.7 cm in diameter (2.5 to 10.5 cm). There were 74 cases in clinical stage T1N0M0 and 11 cases in T2N0M0. Following the principle of radical nephrectomy outside the renal fascia, the whole surgical procedure was performed along "2 spaces" and "2 poles". The ventral attachment of the kidney was dissected in anterior pararenal space between peritoneum and anterior renal fascia. The dorsal attachment was dissected in anterior psoas space between posterior renal fascia and psoas fascia. The cepha-lic attachment was dissected up to the subdiaphragmatic and down to iliac fosse. During the proce-dure, important anatomic structures such as parietal peritoneum and its reflexion, anterior renal fasci-a, lateroeonal fascia, posterior renal fascia, psoas muscles, greatvessels and their branches were care-fully identified. Results One case was converted to open surgery because of severe and extensive ad-hesion of the right kidney to the adjacent tissues. The other 84 procedures were successfully comple-ted. The median operative time was 65 rain (range 50 to 165 min) and median estimated blood loss was 58 ml (range 25 to 600 ml). Of all operations, peritoneum perforation occurred in 5 cases and small vessel injuries around renal pedicles were observed in 6 cases. Major complication such as great vessel injury was not observed. Mean follow-up of all 85 patients was 10 months (range 2 to 25 months). No local recurrence and port site tumor seeding was found. Conclusion During retrope-ritoneoscopic radical nephrectomy, studying anatomical features of renal area and recognizing impor-tant anatomic structures will help to improve the safety of the surgery and reduce morbidities.

OBJECTIVETo study the linkage between -148C/T polymorphism of beta-fibrinogen gene and plasma fibrinogen levels in patients with acute cerebral infarction.

METHODSOne hundred and fifty-one patients with cerebral infarction and 101 healthy individuals were enrolled in this trial. The beta-fibrinogen gene -148C/T polymorphism was analyzed by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism, and plasma fibrinogen levels were obtained from prothrombin time assay.

RESULTSPlasma fibrinogen levels of patients were significantly higher than those of controls (P<0.01). In both groups, T allele carriers had higher plasma fibrinogen levels than other those did (P<0.01); and the fibrinogen level difference was still significant if both groups was based on their sex (P<0.05). Divided by age, each group of the study cases has significant difference between two genotypes (P<0.05). T -148 allele frequency of the middle age case in study group was higher than that in control group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONHigh plasma fibrinogen level is a risk factor to cerebral infarction. Plasma fibrinogen level is affected by -148C/T polymorphism of beta-fibrinogen gene. With or without other risk factors and environmental factors affecting, T allele increases plasma fibrinogen level and may be a heritable risk factor to cerebral infarction.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alleles ; Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; Cerebral Infarction ; genetics ; Female ; Fibrinogen ; genetics ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Stroke ; genetics ; Young Adult