Objective To study the effects of 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ethers(PBDE-47)single exposed and combined with 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl(PCB153)on learning and memory ability and the uhrastrncture of hippocampal CA1 region in rats.Methods Neonatal SD rats(CL grade)were randomly divided into groups,9 male and 9 female in each,then were exposed to single PBDE-47 at doses of 1,5,10 mg/kg and combined with PCB153 at dose of 5 mg/kg,through gavage for one time. Soya oil was used as the solvent control.The learning and memory ability and ultrastructure of neurons in hippocampal CA1 region were examined respectively 2 months after treatment.Results In the low dose groups(1 mg/kg PBDE-47 and 1 mg/kg PBDE-47+ 5 mg/kg PCB153 treated group),the ultrastructure of neurons in hippocampal CA1 region were as normal as that in the control group.As the dose increasing,in 5 mg/kg PBDE-47 group,the endoplasmic reticulum appeared swelling,expansion and degranulation.In 5 mg/kg PBDE-47 plus 5 mg/kg PCB153 group,the mitochondria appeared swelling,the ridge ruptured,the periplast puffed,and then the cytoplasm condensed.In the high dose groups(10 mg/kg PBDE-47 group and 10 mg/kg PBDE-47 plus 5 mg/kg PCB153 group),the neurons showed acutely denatured,the periplast puffed,the cell organelle dissolved and the mitochondria vacuolizated.The interaction between PBDE-47 and PCB153 on the latency period and the general pathway was presented in place navigation test(P

Objective: To investigate the effects of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on oxidative stress and systemic inflammatory response syndrome(SIRS) during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).Methods: Totally 62 patients scheduled for mitral valve replacement surgery were enrolled in this study and randomly assigned to DEX group with constant infusion of DEX (0.5 μg·kg-1 ·h-1 , n =31) and the control group with the same amount of 0.9% sodium chloride injection(n =31).A volume of 4 ml of jugular vein blood was respectively withdrawn before the induction of anesthesia (T0), at 10 min after aortic-off clamping(T1), the end of bypass(T2), 4h after bypass(T3),12h after bypass(T4) and 24h after bypass(T5).The serum C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6(IL-6), interleukin-8(IL-8) and interleukin-10(IL-10) were determined.Results: The serum CRP in both groups increased remarkably at T1-T5 , while the serum CRP in DEX group was significantly lower than those in the control group at T3-T5.The serum TNF-α increased remarkably in control group at T2-T4, while the serum TNF-α increased remarkably in DEX group at T2-T3;the serum TNF-α in DEX group was significantly lower than those in the control group at T3-T4.The serum IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 in both groups were increased remarkably at T2-T5, T1-T5,T1-T3, respectively.The serum IL-6 and IL-8 in the DEX group were significantly lower than those in the control group at T2-T4 while the serum IL-10 in the DEX group was significantly higher than that in the control group at T1-T3.The serum WBC in both groups at T3-T5 were higher than those at T0, while the serum WBC in the control group was significantly higher than that in the DEX group at T3-T5.However, the differences between the two groups at mechanical ventilation time, ICU observation time, the incidence of postoperative SIRS after 24h, hospitalization days, and the adverse reactions were not statistically significant.Conclusion: DEX has notable protective effects on systemic inflammatory response syndrome during extracorporeal circulation.

Objective To explore the effect of Fas/FasL pathway on fluoride.induced apoptosis in hurnan neumbla8toma SH-SY5Y cells.Methods The cell survival rate,percentage of apoptosis,and mRNA expression levels of Fas and FasL were measured respectively after the SH-SY5Y cells were exposed to O(control),20,40,80 mg/L sodium nuoride(NaF)for 24 hours/n vitro.Furthermore,the changes of the percentage of apoptosis and mRNA expression levels of Fas and FasL in 40 mg/L NaF-treated groups incubated with activaling or neutralizing anti-Fas antibody(CH11 or ZB4)also observed respectively.Results Compared with the control group(100.00%), the cell surval rates in 40,80 mg/L NaF-treated groups[(84.63±2.57)%,(69.04±5.63)%]were significandy lower(P<0.01).The percentage of apoptosis in 40,80 mg/L NaF.treated groups[(8.54±1.95)%.(17.94±2.71)%]were higher(P<0.05)than thal in the control group[(3.32±1.33)%],and increased with the dose of NaF.NaF could up-regulate Fas and FasL mRNA expression,and increased the Fas/β-actin [40 ms/L group (0.94±0.51),80 mg/L group(0.99±0.12)]and FasL/β-actin[40 mg/L group(0.96±0.42),80 mg/L group(0.99±0.24)] ratio,compared with the control[Eas/β-actin(0.50±0.33),FasL/β-actin(0.58±0.23)],both the difference had 8tatistical significances (P<0.05).NaF and CH I 1 had a synergisfic effect on apoptosis and mRNA expression levels of Fas and FasLL(F=32.89,18.46,.14.69,P<0.01)while NaF and ZB4 had an antagonistic effect (F=5.73,24.26,10.17,P<0.05 or<0.01).Conclusion NaF exposure can cause apoptosis in SH-Y5Y cells,and the Fas/FasL pmhway may play an important role in NaF-induced apoptosis.

Objective: To observe the effects of manganese( Ⅲ ) meso-tetrakis (N, N'-diethylimidazolium-2-yl) porphyrin (MnTDM) in treatment of early Parkinson's disease(PD) mouse model induced by subcutaneous injection of 1-methyl-4-phenyl1, 2, 3, 6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP) and to discuss its possible mechanism. Methods:Forty male C57BL/6 mice were evenly randomized into 4 groups: MPTP model group(subcutaneous injection of 25 mg/kg MPTP for 3 days), MnTDM+ MPTP group (15 mg/kg MnTDM was subcutaneously injected 1 h before MPTP injection), MnTDM control group, and normal saline group. Performance of animals in the pole and swimming test was observed 3 days after the last injection. Levels of dopamine (DA) and its metabolites(3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid [DOPAC] and homovanillic acid [HVA]) in the striatum of animals were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography with an electrochemical detector(HPLC-ECD). Thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method was used to examine the levels of malondialdehyde(MDA). Results: Acute injection of MPTP could be used for establishment of PD model. The striatal levels of DA, DOPAC and HVA in MPTP group were significantly lower(P＜0.01)and the striatal level of MDA was significantly higher(P＜0.05) than those of the control group. MPTP had no obvious effect on the behavioral performance of the animals in a short term. MnTDM could partly inhibit the above effects of MPTP. Compared with MPTP group, MnTDM+ MPTP group had significantly higher DA, DOPAC, and HVA levels and significantly lower MDA level(all P＜0.05). There was no significant difference in the behavioral indices of animals between the 4 groups. Conclusion:MnTDM can inhibit lipid peroxidation and promote DA production; it has preventive and therapeutic effects on MPTP induced PD.

ObjectiveTo explore the reliability and validity of WHO ICF-Clinical Checklist for patients with spinal cord injuries.MethodsClinical testing, case records and check had been implemented for 50 patients with spinal cord injuries with ICF-Clinical Checklist, ADL and ASIA.Results and ConclusionThere were high test-retest reliability and validity in WHO ICF-Checklist for patients with spinal cord injuries.

Tissue samples of Fabricius' bursa collected from Nanning, Yulin, Beihai and Wuzhou in the provinces of Guangxi in China during the years of 2000-2007, were detected by a established reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique for IBDV. Viral isolation was performed on the positive samples by chicken embryo inoculation via chorio-allantoic membrane (CAM). Results showed that 27 isolates of IBDV were obtained. A set of primers were designed to amplify the vVP2 of 27 isolates by RT-PCR and the PCR products were sequenced. The sequences of all the isolates and reference viruses were analyzed and compared, and their phylogenetic trees were constructed based on the nucleotide sequences. The results indicated that isolate BH11, TZ(3), 050222, YL051, NN0603, NN0611and QX0602 etc, altogether 17 isolates, which accounted for 62.96 percent of total isolates, were identified to be very virulent IBDV (vvIBDV) and have the highest homology to vvIBDV reference strains. In the phylogenetic analysis, they are divided into 3 groups and have a long distance to commonly used vaccine stains. Isolate NN040124 and YL052 were identified as intermediate-plus virulent strains and showed a highest homology to classical strains of 52-70 and STC. 8 isolates of YLZF2, 040131 etc were identified as attenuated vaccine strains and showed a highest homology to classical strain of CU1. The results from the study demonstrated that the viruses prevailing in chickens in these 4 regions in Guangxi province in the recently 7 years were vvIBDV and their origins were complex. The antigenicity of some isolates may have been drifted.
Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Birnaviridae Infections ; epidemiology ; veterinary ; virology ; Chickens ; China ; epidemiology ; Infectious bursal disease virus ; chemistry ; classification ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Molecular Epidemiology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Poultry Diseases ; epidemiology ; virology ; Sequence Alignment ; Viral Proteins ; chemistry ; genetics

Visfatin, also named nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase (NAMPT), is a cytokine secreted from adipose tissue. Visfatin can regulate immune action and is involved in the NAD+ salvage pathway. In addition, recent researches have shown that visfatin helps the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism, especially in exercise-induced weight reduction for obesity. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the contribution of visfatin gene polymorphisms to glucose and lipid metabolism and exercise-induced weight reduction in obesity.
Exercise ; physiology ; Glycolipids ; metabolism ; Humans ; Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase ; genetics ; physiology ; Obesity ; genetics ; metabolism ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Weight Loss ; genetics

The deubiquitinating enzyme ubiquitin specific peptidase 15 (USP15) is regarded as a regulator of TGFβ signaling pathway. This process depends on Smad7, the inhibitory factor of the TGFβ signal, and type I TGFβ receptor (TβR-I), one of the receptors of TGFβ. The expression level of USP15 seems to play vital roles in the pathogenesis of many neoplasms, but so far there has been no report about USP15 in psoriasis. In this study, immunohistochemical staining of USP15, TβR-I and Smad7 was performed in 30 paraffin-embedded psoriasis specimens and 10 normal specimens to investigate the expression of USP15, TβR-I and Smad7 in psoriasis and to explore the relevance among them. And USP15 small interfering RNA (USP15 siRNA) was used to transfect Hacat cells to detect the mRNA expression of TβR-I and Smad7. Of 30 cases of psoriasis in active stage, 28, 24 and 26 cases were positive for USP15, TβR-I and Smad7 staining, respectively. The positive rates of USP15 and Smad7 were significantly higher in psoriasis specimens than in normal skin specimens (44.1%±26.0% vs. 6.1%±6.6%, 47.2%±27.1% vs. 6.6%±7.1%), and positive rate of TβR-I (20.3%±22.2%) in psoriasis was lower than that in normal skin specimens (46.7%±18.2%). There was a significant positive correlation between USP15 and Smad7 expression, and significant negative correlations between USP15 and TβR-expression, an I d between TβR- and Smad7 expression I in psoriasis. After transfection of USP15 siRNA in Hacat cells, the expression of TβR-mRNA was up I -regulated and that of Smad7 was down-regulated. It is concluded that USP15 may play a role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis through regulating the TβR-I/Smad7 pathway and there may be other cell signaling pathways interacting with USP15 to take part in the development of psoriasis.

Humans ; Selenium ; blood ; Spectrophotometry, Atomic ; methods

Objective To explore the relationship between intracellular calcium levels ([Ca2+]1) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in sodium fluoride (NaF)-induced injury in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Methods The levels of [Ca2+]1 and ROS were measured in different exposed times(0,3,6,12,18,24 h) respectively after SH-SY5Y cells were exposed to 40 mg/L NaF in vitro, and the optimal expose time was selected. Furthermore, the changes of [Ca2+]1, ROS and LDH levels in 40 mg/L NaF-treated groups incubated with 38.23 mg/L BAPTA-AM or 380.40 mg/L ethylene glycol-bis-(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N, N, N', N'-tetraacetic acid (EGTA) or 16.32 mg/L N-acetyl-L-cysteine(NAC) also observed at the optimal expose time(12 h), respectively. Results At 3,6,12,18 and 24 h, [Ca2+]1 level(5620.0±226.3,4775.5±85.6,3312.3±87.5, 3047.0±75.0,2717.0±66.5) was significantly increased, and so was the ROS level(4449.53±324.61,7463.07±117.43,20 227.33±178.04,8817.56±200.13, 7975.61±92.90) except at 3 h, compared with 0 h(2115.0±24.0,4098.01±21.22, all P<0.05). The levels of [Ca2+]1 and ROS reached the peak at 3 h and 12 h, respectively. [Ca2+]1 and LDH levels in NaF-treated group [3279.5±94.0, (1057.50±64.35)U/L], NaF+NAC treated group[ 3583.0±350.7, (561.02±85.50)U/L], NaF+EGTA treated groups[3701.5±157.7, (1074.50±86.97)U/L], and BAPTA-AM treated group[2766.5±38.9, (521.43±40.80)U/L] had increased, compared with the control[2022.5±118.1, (186.97±8.73)U/L], the difference being statistically significant (P<0.05). ROS levels in NaF-treated group (19 003.04±332.34), and NaF+EGTA treated group(19 170.12±95.46) was higher than that in the controls(4060.98±145.66), the difference being statistically significant (P<0.05). NaF and NAC had antagonistic effect on ROS and LDH levels (F=976.11,43.54,P<0.05). And NaF and BAPTA-AM had antagonistic effect on [Ca2+]1, ROS and LDH levels (F=15.65,1515.53,115.00, P<0.05). Conclusions NaF-related calcium is released from the site of intracellular calcium storage, which induces ROS production, both of them caused cytotoxicity and the increase of LDH level in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells.