OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of the course and menopause on the change of bone mineral density (BMD) in female patients with hyperthyroidism. METHODS: BMDs of hip and lumbar vertebrae were measured by dual-energy X-rays absorptiometry(DEXA) in the female patients (n=192, aged 14 approximately 72). Patients were divided into 2 groups (premenopausal and postmenopausal)and 2 subgroups(short-course and long-course). The BMDs were compared between those of age-matched, weight-matched, height-matched and body mass index matched control subgroups. RESULTS: In the premenopausal hyperthyroidic patients, only the BMDs of the second and total lumbar vertebrae with long-course were significantly lower than those of short-course group(P< 0.05). In the post-menopausal group with the long-course,each BMD measured had a lower level compared with that with short-course, of which the hip and the second lumber vertebrae were evident (P< 0.01). CONCLUSION The course and menopause have an effect on the BMDs in female patients with hyperthyroidism.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Bone Density ; Female ; Hip Joint ; Humans ; Hyperthyroidism ; metabolism ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; Menopause ; metabolism ; Middle Aged

OBJECTIVETo analyze the prevalence of asthma and asthma related symptoms among children aged 0-14 years in three Chinese cities and to obtain a crude estimation of the trend of childhood asthma prevalence in China.

METHODSA cross-sectional, population-based survey of prevalence of asthma was conducted in children aged from 0 to 14 years in 3 major cities of China (Beijing, Chongqing, and Guangzhou) with different geographic locations. All the subjects were randomly selected by a multi-stage sampling method. Three to five schools and kindergartens in 2 urban districts in each city were randomly selected for the survey, and a validated questionnaire that included the core questions of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood, Phase III questionnaire and several additional questions were used. All questionnaires were completed by parents or guardians of the selected children. Children whose parents responded affirmatively to the question "Has your child ever been diagnosed as asthma by a doctor" were recognized as victims of asthma.

RESULTSThe prevalence of asthma in Beijing, Chongqing, and Guangzhou was 3.15%, 7.45%, and 2.09%, respectively. These values were significantly higher than those obtained 10 years ago in the national epidemiological survey in 2000 which used the same method of investigation and the same diagnotic criteria (χ²=3.938, P=0.047; χ²=73.506, P≤0.001; χ²=11.956, P=0.001, in each city). Of the asthmatic children 57.21%, 69.91%, and 60.00% had their first attack before the age of 3 in Beijing, Chongqing, and Guangzhou, respectively. Wheezing was the primary clinical manifestation for all asthmatic children, followed by persistent cough and repeated respiratory infections. Both the prevalence of asthma and asthma-related symptoms were statistically higher in males than in females.

CONCLUSIONThe prevalence of childhood asthma is statistically higher than that 10 years ago in the three Chinese cities.

Asthma ; epidemiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Prevalence

Objective To investigate the effects of methoxamedrine on the vital signs of patients undergoing elective non-cardiac surgery during induction of general anesthesia.Methods One hundred and forty elderly patients undergone elective non-cardiac surgery during induction of general anesthesia were randomly divided into control group and treatment group,each group 70 cases,using the random table.The treatment group was pumped methoxamedrine for 4 μg · kg-1 · min-1 by continuous micro intravenous infusion before general anesthesia induction,while control group was pumped 0.9％ NaCl.The blood pressure,heart rate,the indexes of myocardial enzymes and adverse drug reactions were compared on 5 min before induction of anesthesia (T0),2 min after induction (T1),intubation (T2),1 min after intubation,5 min after intubation (T4),10 min after intubation (T5) in two groups.Results The systolic blood pressure in treatment group at T1,T2,T3,T4 were (135.07 ± 27.78),(131.34 ± 33.28),(129.37 ± 37.22),(132.47 ± 32.21) mmHg,and were (124.36 ± 31.07),(103.61 ± 31.49),(157.09 ± 37.40),(124.00 ± 27.13) mmHg in control group.The diastolic blood pressure in treatment group at T1,T3,T4 were (65.44 ± 8.34),(75.47 ± 11.24),(78.59 ± 12.57)mmHg,and were (72.83 ±8.15),(91.25 ±8.38),(71.49 ±9.80) mmHg in control group.The heart rate in treatment group at T1 and T3 were (66.03 ±9.75),(70.71 ±10.16) times · min-1,had significant difference with those in control group,which were (76.64 ± 9.33),(80.43 ± 8.32) times · min-1 (P ＜ 0.05).At T6,the levels of creatine kinase isoenzyme-MB in treatment group and control group were (0.84 ± 0.23),(1.54 ± 0.22) U · L-1,with significant difference (P ＜0.05).The number of bradycardia,nausea and vomiting and restlessness were 2 cases (2.86％),6 cases (8.57％),4 cases (5.71％) in control group,while there were2 cases (2.86％),5 cases (7.14％),3 cases (4.29％) in treatment group,with no significant difference (P ＞0.05).There were 2 cases (2.86％) of tachycardia,3 cases (4.29％) of hypotension,the dosage of ephedrine was (3.25 ± 2.07) mg,had significant difference with those in control group,which were 10 cases (14.29％),16 cases (22.86％),(6.21 ± 1.68) mg (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Methoxamedrine can be pumped by continuous micro intravenous infusion for patients undergoing elective non-cardiac surgery during induction of general anesthesia to maintain the stability of heart rate and blood pressure,reduce the incidence of adverse reactions and reduce myocardial injury.

Objective To discuss the influence of blood glucose self-monitonng on glucolipid metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods Blood glucose self-monitoring on glycolipin metabolism of 167 cases with type 2 diabetes mellitus for 12 years were analyzed retrospectively.Results The compliance rate of self monitoring of blood glucose was up by 84％ on 10 years ago.Among 167 patients,the control rates of fasting blood glucose (FPG),2-hour postprandial blood glucose (2hPBG),glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c),triglyceride (TG) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) respectively were 17％,12％,18％,25％,24％,25％ in 2000,and were 64％,62％,49％,54％,60％,58％,respectively in 2011.The compliance rate of bloodglucose self-monitoring was positively correlated with the control rate of glucolipid metabolism (P ＜ 0.01).Conclusions The frequency of blood glucose self-monitoring has a great influence on the glucolipid metabolism.And the level of blood glucose self-monitoring is the key factor of prevention of risk factors.

BACKGROUND:Stem cell transplantation has been used in the clinical treatment of spinal cord injury.However,the efficacy and safety are still controversial.Although there are many approaches for stem cell transplantation,which one is better is unclear as yet.OBJECTIVE:To systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of stem cell transplantation for spinal cord injury,and to compare the therapeutic difference in stem cell transplantation via different approaches.METHODS:A computer-based online search was conducted in PubMed,The Cochrane Library (Issue 4,2016),Embase,CNKI,VIP,CBM,and Wan-Fang databases up to May 13,2016 to screen the relevant randomized clinical controlled trials of stem cells in the treatment of spinal cord injury.Two reviewers independently selected the studies,extracted information,and assessed the quality of included trials.Data extracted from eligible studies was pooled and meta-analyzed using Stata13.1 and Gemtc0.14.3 software.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:A total of 10 randomized controlled trials involving 546 patients (294 in stem cells group and 252 in rehabilitation treatment group) were included.The results of meta-analysis showed that stem cell transplantation had an advantage over rehabilitation treatment in increasing American Spinal Cord Injury Association (ASIA) motor score,ASIA sensory score,Barthel Index,and decreasing the bladder residual urine volume.The incidence of low fever,abdominal distension,headache,lower limb numbness,and meningeal irritation was 14％,7％,7％,8％,and 7％,respectively.Taking the rehabilitation treatment as a common reference,the results of the network meta-analysis showed that there were no significant differences in ASIA motor score,ASIA sensory score,Barthel Index,and incidence of complications among subarachnoid injection,intravenous injection,and intralesional injection.Compared with the rehabilitation treatment,only stem cell transplantation via subarachnoid injection had significant differences in ASIA motor score [MD=9.77,95％CI (0.26,21.46)],and ASIA sensory score [MD=25.79,95％CI (10.07,45.27)].To conclude,the stem cells transplantation via subarachnoid injection is considered the most effective transplantation method.Due to the limitations of the included studies,more high-quality randomized controlled trials are required to verify the above conclusion.In addition,future studies should focus on the long-term efficacy and safety of stem cell transplantation in the treatment of spinal cord injury,and should investigate the clinical effects on spinal cord injury with different ASIA grades,types of stem cells,and transplantation time.

Objective It was aimed to determine the concentration of urine 8-iso-PGF2α in normal neonates and neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) and to study the value of urine 8-iso-PGF2α in the assessment of the severity of neonatal HIE. Methods Urine samples from normal (n = 126) and HIE ( n = 151 ) neonates were collected on the 1 st, 3rd and 7th days after birth. ELISA was used to determine the urine 8-iso-PGF2α contents. Results 1 ) Urine 8-and 7th days after birth, respectively. There was no significant difference among the three days for the urine 8-iso-PGF2α contents. 2) On the 1 st day of HIE onset, neonates with mild, moderate and severe HIE had higher levels of urine 8-isoneonates (P < 0. 001 ). 3 ) On the 3rd day, the urine 8-iso-PGF2α content in neonates with moderate and severe HIE while that of the neonates with mild HIE regressed to normal. 4) On the 7th day, there was no significant difference in the of urine 8-iso-PGF2α were defined to distinguish from normal to mild HIE, from mild to moderate HIE and from moderate to severe HIE. As defined, the corresponding sensitivity and specificity were 95.2% and 99.2%, 100% and 95.2%,65.8% and 100%. Conclusions The urine 8-iso-PGF2α levels in neonates were stable within 7 days after birth. The urine 8-iso-PGF2α contents in HIE neonates reached the peak within 24 hours after onset. There was a correlation between the urine 8-iso-PGF2α contents and the severity of HIE, suggesting that urine 8-iso-PGF2α may be a reliable and convenient index for the assessment of the severity of HIE.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between the mRNA expression levels of p53-mediating DNA damage and repair genes in the peripheral blood lymphocytes of workers and their exposures to benzene in their working environment.

METHODSThe mRNA expression levels of p53 and related genes were determined by SYBR Green I chimeric fluorescence quantitative real-time RT-PCR analysis in peripheral blood lymphocytes of 72 workers, who were classified into group A (46 direct exposure to benzene) and group B (26 indirect exposure to benzene) based on their positions, and 29 controls. The differences of gene expression levels were analyzed by software REST 2005. Meanwhile, the peripheral blood leukocytes, hemoglobin and platelet of workers and controls were counted. Benzene content was measured in the samples of toluene, used as raw material, and spraying agents and benzene, toluene and xylene concentrations in the air of workplaces were monitored.

RESULTSThere were no significant differences in the mRNA expression levels of p53, Ku80, Ape1 and Mdm-2 between group A or group B and control group (P > 0.05). The expression up-regulation of p21 mRNA was found, but without significant difference (P > 0.05). However, the mRNA expression levels of Rad51, Bcl-2, Bax, Xpa and Xpc in group A and Rad51 in group B were downregulated significantly (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Moreover, both the counts of white blood cell, hemoglobin and platelet in group A were (4.93 +/- 1.27) x 10(9)/L, (123.97 +/- 11.80) g/L and (124.02 +/- 41.22) x 10(9)/L respectively and platelet in group B (135.80 +/- 39.44) x 10(9)/L were significantly lower than in control group (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONThe mRNA expression levels of some p53-mediating DNA damage and repair genes are downregulated in the workers chronically exposed to low benzene concentration. The working environment impacts on health of group A workers are greater than the ones of group B.

Adult ; Benzene ; adverse effects ; DNA Damage ; DNA Repair ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphocytes ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Male ; Occupational Exposure ; adverse effects ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVEIn this randomized prospective single-center study, we compared the efficacy of adjunctive thrombectomy using Diver CE device (Linvatec, Italy) versus Guardwire Plus device (Medtronic, USA) before percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with <12 h acute inferior myocardial infarction (AIMI) and Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow grade 0 to 1. The primary end point was the magnitude of ST-segment resolution after PCI.

METHODSA total of 122 patients (61 in Diver CE group and 61 in Guardwire Plus group) were studied. The magnitude of ST-segment resolution, myocardial blush grade and slow flow or no re-flow 1 h after PCI were measured in study patients.

RESULTSBaseline characteristics were similar between groups: age (59.6 +/- 14 years vs. 60.1 +/- 13 years), males (82% vs. 84%), diabetes (31% vs. 28%), previous coronary artery disease (25% vs. 23%), onset-to-angiogram (350 +/- 185 min vs. 345 +/- 180 min), and glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor use (11% vs. 13%, all P > 0.05). The magnitude of ST-segment resolution was also similar in these two groups: ST-segment resolution > 70% (57% vs. 59%, P > 0.05). Slow flow/no reflow rate (8% vs. 7%), TIMI flow grade 3 (95% vs. 97%) and myocardial blush grade 3 (70% vs. 72%) post PCI were not different in the groups (all P > 0.05). Left ventricle ejection fraction (0.54 +/- 0.12 vs. 0.53 +/- 0.11), death (3% vs. 3%), re-myocardial infarction (2% vs. 0) and target vessel revascularization (2% vs. 2%) at one month post PCI were comparable (all P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONEfficacy of removing thrombus burden with Diver CE device or Guardwire Plus device was similar in patients with < 12 h acute inferior myocardial infarction.

Aged ; Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Myocardial Infarction ; therapy ; Prospective Studies ; Stents ; Thrombectomy ; instrumentation

OBJECTIVEIn recent years, the incidence of allergic diseases in China is increasing. With serious influence on the patients' quality of life and even life-threatening, now allergic diseases have become an important public health problem in our country. This survey aimed to obtain a general epidemic outline of children's major allergic diseases, i.e., childhood asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema in the downtown of Beijing, Chongqing and Guangzhou.

METHODChildhood asthma questionnaire was established by Delphi method based on guidelines for childhood asthma diagnosis and prevention made by Chinese medical association in 2008 with reference to the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood questionnaire (ISAAC). This study was carried out from Oct. 2008-Mar. 2009, in Beijing, Chongqing and Guangzhou by a multi-stage sampling method, covering a sample of 24 290 children aged 0 - 14 years by a multi-stage sampling method, the population of children surveyed in the downtown of Beijing Chongqing and Guangzhou was 10 372, 9874 and 4072 respectively; of whom males were 5545, 5258, 2159, and females were 4917, 4588, 1877; the ratio of males to females in the three cities were 1.11:1, 1.15:1, 1.15:1; the average age of surveyed children were 7.63, 8.74 and 8.30 years old. All the questionnaire was filled in by the parents of children or other guardian of children.

RESULTThe self-reported prevalence of asthma in Beijing, Chongqing and Guangzhou was 3.15%, 7.45%, 2.09%, the self-reported prevalence of allergic rhinitis was 14.46%, 20.42%, 7.83%, and the prevalence of eczema was 20.64%, 10.02%, 7.22%. In the survey, asthma combined with allergic rhinitis had the highest rate, 49.54%, 50.14%, 34.83%, respectively in the 3 cities. The self-reported prevalence of asthma and allergic rhinitis was significantly higher in male than female. Besides, the self-reported prevalences of asthma and allergic rhinitis were relatively lower in children under 1 year and over 10 years of age.

CONCLUSIONThe prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema and other allergic diseases in children 0 - 14 years of age in the three cities gradually increased, and the prevalence of allergic diseases in Chongqing was relatively higher.

Adolescent ; Asthma ; epidemiology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Cities ; Eczema ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity ; epidemiology ; Incidence ; Infant ; Male ; Prevalence ; Surveys and Questionnaires

No direct comparison of tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) has yet been carried out in the treatment of liver cirrhosis in China. We designed a double-blind randomized trial to evaluate the potential therapeutic efficacy of TUDCA in liver cirrhosis, using UDCA as parallel control. The enrolled 23 patients with liver cirrhosis were randomly divided into TUDCA group (n=12) and UDCA group (n=11), and given TUDCA and UDCA respectively at the daily dose of 750 mg, in a randomly assigned sequence for a 6-month period. Clinical, biochemical and histological features, and liver ultrasonographic findings were evaluated before and after the study. According to the inclusion criteria, 18 patients were included in the final analysis, including 9 cases in both two groups. Serum ALT, AST and ALP levels in TUDCA group and AST levels in UDCA group were significantly reduced as compared with baseline (P<0.05). Serum albumin levels were significantly increased in both TUDCA and UDCA groups (P<0.05). Serum markers for liver fibrosis were slightly decreased with the difference being not significant in either group. Only one patient in TUDCA group had significantly histological relief. Both treatments were well tolerated and no patient complained of side effects. It is suggested that TUDCA therapy is safe and appears to be more effective than UDCA in the treatment of liver cirrhosis, particularly in the improvement of the biochemical expression. However, both drugs exert no effect on the serum markers for liver fibrosis during 6-month treatment.
Adult ; Cholagogues and Choleretics ; therapeutic use ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Taurochenodeoxycholic Acid ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome ; Ursodeoxycholic Acid ; therapeutic use