Objective To study the fibrous capsule structure and its change after expansion.Methods Twelve minipigs were chosen for establishing the animal models of conventional intermittent tissue expansion (CITE) and continuous pressure tissue expansion (CPTE). The capsule samples were taken for measurement and histological examination.Results The thickness and the contraction rates of capsules in CPTE group were significantly less than those of CITE group. The capsule consisted of four layers, in which a large amount of collagen and elastic fibers existed and some small arteries, veins and capillaries were well developed. After expanded flaps were transplanted, capsules contained in flaps were partially degenerated except elastic fiber layer and fibrolaminar layer, but capsules on the wound bed almost all degenerated. Conclusion The results suggest that capsules have contractive and blood supply abilities. Capsulectomy is able to decrease flap contraction. Large expanded flaps are better to have the capsule reserved. No efforts shall be done to the capsules on wound beds.

Objective To investigate the cell dynamic changes of conventional intermittent tissue expansion (CITE) and continuous pressure controlled tissue expansion (CPTE). Methods Domestic pigs were chosen for CITE and CPTE models. Immunohistochemical technique was used to detect proliferative cells, DNA fragments in situ labeling for apoptotic cells, and H E stain for total fibroblast counting. Results Proliferative index of basal cell increased during expansion. The peak value of 78.5% reached at the ninth day in the CITE group versus 84.2 % at fourth day in the CPTE group. Proliferation index in both groups decreased after expansion. Fibroblast proliferation, apoptosis and total fibroblast density increased slowly in both groups during and after expansion. At the sixth day, total fibroblast densities in CITE group (38.1 cells/H) and in CPTE group (40.9 cells/H) were significantly increased, compared with 34.93 cells/H in the normal skin. There were obvious proliferation and apoptosis phenomena in epidermal cells and skin adnexa. Conclusion Tissue expansion has both effects of proliferation and apoptosis on cell dynamics. Continuous tissue expansion can induce tissues growing much effectively.

Objective To analyze the clinical outcomes of Ludloff osteotomy and artificial metatarsophalangeal arthroplasty in the patients with severe hallux valgus and metatarsophalangeal joint osteoarthritis.Methods From Apr.2013 to Aug.2015,120 feet with severe hallux valgus were treated by operation in Beijing Friendship Hospital,Capital Medical University.Before operation,measured some angles,such as hallux valgus angle,intermetatarsal angle,proximal articular surficial intrinsic angle and so on in the two groups.And evaluated the patients condition by Maryland scale at the same time.Through the date,we make sure that there was no significant difference between the two groups before operation.According to the order of hospitalization,all patients were randomly divided into experimental group (n =60) and control group (n =60).The cases of experimental group were treated by Ludloff osteotomy and artificial joint replacement.The cases of control group were treated by Ludloff osteotomy and Akin osteotomy.We used the visual analogue scale,the core quality of life scale-36 and Maryland scale to record the date,such as pain,the range of motion and appearance of the metatarsophalangeal joint and the ability of daily life and sports before and after operation.Compared above categorical variables using paired T-test between before and after operation and using T-test between the two groups.Compared the rate of operative complications by Fisher's exact test between the two groups.Results Through the Maryland scale,the total excellent rate of the experimental group (91.7％) was higher than the total excellent rate of the control group (75.0％),with statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The operative complication rate of experimental group (1.7％) was lower than the control group (8.3％),but without statistically significant (P ＞0.05).The scores of quality of life of the experimental group after treatment were significantly higher than those of the control group,with statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The visual analogue scale pain score (1.61 ± 0.12) of the experimental group was significantly lower than the control group (3.68 ± 0.58),with statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The clinical outcomes of Ludloff osteotomy and artificial metatarsophalangeal arthroplasty in patients with severe hallux valgus and metatarsophalangeal joint osteoarthritis is better,high safety,less trauma and faster recovery.It is worthy of promotion and use.

Objective To compare efficacy and side effects of intravenous versus oral indomethacin treatment for symptomatic patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in preterm infants.Methods Fourty-nine preterm infants were reviewed retrospectively who were diagnosed as having symptomatic PDA confirmed by echocardiography.According to the using type and approach that were divided into 2 groups (intravenous group,n=21;oral group,n=28) and their doses and intervals were same.The rates of ductal closure and side effects were compared in 2 groups.Results There were no significantly different between 2 groups in single ductal closure and complicating other diseases. Soon closure of intravenous group was higher significantly than oral group [61.9 %(13/21) vs 28.6 %(8/28),P

The development of printing ink is a challenge for binder jetting 3D printed preparations, which directly determines the quality of the printed product. This study adopted a 2³ full-factor Design of Experiment (DoE) with three central points to optimize the printing ink composition of levetiracetam 3D printed dispersible tablet based on the concept of Quality by Design. Firstly, using polyvinyl pyrrolidone K30, glycerin and polysorbate 20 as independent variables based on 40% (v/v) isopropanol aqueous solution, and weight variation, hardness, friability and dispersion uniformity of the printed tablets were used as dependent variables. Then obtained the design space of the printing ink prescription by DoE model analysis, and the response optimizer was used to obtain the optimal printing ink prescription: isopropanol aqueous solution containing 0.1% (w/w) polyvinyl pyrrolidone K30 and 4.0% (w/w) glycerin. The jetting mechanism and wettability of the printing ink were analyzed, and different strengths of personalized 3D printed tablets were prepared and characterized, which verified the rationality of the printing ink formulation. This study provided a reference for the development of printing ink for binder jetting 3D printed preparations.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of exercise (EX), low-fat diet (LFD) and their combination intervention on the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) expression of insulin resistance in rats.

METHODSOne hundred and thirty male rats randomly assigned to 2 groups: Control (CON)-10 rats consuming a low-fat diet; HFD-120 rats consuming a high-fat diet (HFD). The dietary regimen was sustained for 8 wk, at which point the 40 HFD group rats gaining the most weight were referred to as the obese rats. Glucose tolerance was assessed by an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). During the procedure of OGTT, the blood was drawn for insulin assay (insulin release test). The whole body insulin resistance was assessed by glucose-insulin index. The obese HFD group rats were randomized into one of four intervention groups: HFD-sedentary (HFD-SED), HFD-exercise(HFD-EX), low fat diet-SED (LFD-SED), LFD-EX. Ex rats performed 8-wk exercise training on a motorized treadmill. The CON group had access to low-fat diet for another 8 wk. After 8 wk of exercise and low-fat diet intervention, the OGTT and insulin release test were performed again. To use ELISA technique for detecting TNF-alpha in soleus muscle and adipose tissue.

RESULTSAfter being fed high-fat diet for 8 wk, glucose-insulin index in the HFD group were significantly greater than that in CON group (P < 0.01). After 8-week exercise and low-fat diet intervention, glucose-insulin index in HFD-SED group was significantly greater than that in CON group (P < 0.01). The index in three intervention groups was significantly less than that in HFD-SED group (P < 0.01) . TNF-alpha content in adipose tissue and the soleus muscle for HFD-SED group was significantly greater than that in CON group (P < 0.01). Three intervention groups were significantly less than HFD-SED group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONExercise and low-fat diet interventions can decrease the TNF-alpha expression in insulin resistance rat.

Animals ; Diet, Fat-Restricted ; Insulin Resistance ; Male ; Obesity ; metabolism ; Physical Conditioning, Animal ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha ; metabolism

Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Injections, Intralesional ; Interferon-alpha ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Recombinant Proteins ; Treatment Outcome

The hybrid PET/MR has been gradually applied in clinical practice.However,the hybrid PET/MR is a com plex advanced technique,and it brings to the new challenges,especially regarding the workflow and scan protocols.The guidelines for hybrid PET/MR in brain imaging include information related to the indications and contraindications,preparation before examination,procedures of examination (PET imaging,conventional MRI brain imaging and special MRI imaging for brain disease),application of radiopharmaceutical and MRI contrast-enhanced agent.The purpose of the guidelines is to offer a framework that would be practical and helpful for clinical PET/MR brain imaging.In PET tracers,the guidelines only limit to the 18 F-FDG.

ObjectiveIn order to investigate anti-ageing mechanisms of the notoginsenoside Rg1,we used Aβ_(1-42) and D-galactose to establish aging rat model. Methods Ninety rats were divided into three groups at random: sham group, model group, treatment group. Aging rat models were established by injecting peritoneally D-galactose (100 mg/kg) to the rats for 56 days and after 35 days aggregated Aβ_(1-42)(μg) was injected to the right lateral ventricle of rats. Meantime, rats were treated by intragastric administration the notoginsenoside Rg1. Then spatial memory of experimental rats was examined with the Morris water maze(MWM). The thiol antioxidants including glutathione reductase (GR) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were examined by colorimetric method. The concentration of the pro-caspase-3 and Bcl-2 were examined by the immunohistochemistry and Western blotting method. Results In aging model rats escape latercies were significantly prolonged (P<0.05), while decreases were seen in the time of staying the third quadrants of platform, the number of crossing over a platform, the concentration of the GR, GSH-Px, and pro-caspase-3 as compared with the sham group(P<0.05). After treatment of the notoginsenoside Rg1, the aging model rats exhibited significant increases in the time of staying the third quadrants of platform, the number of crossing over a platform, the concentration of the GR, GSH-Px, and pro-caspase-3(P<0.05), while a decrease was observed in escape latercies as compared to control group(P<0.05). Moreover there was no significant difference in the expression of the Bcl-2(P>0.05). Conclusion The results from our study indicate that the notoginsenoside Rg1 could improve the oriented learning and memory capacity and prevent the neurodegeneration of central nervous systems in aging model rats by up-regulating the expression of the thiol antioxidants(including GR and GSH-Px) and resisting the cleavage of the pro-caspase-3.

Objective To study the different expressions of receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligang(RANKL) mRNA in spleens of rats fed with diet of low calcium and high fluoride. Methods A 2× 2×2 factorial design was used and the factors were calcium, fluoride and action time. In the design, 40 Wistar rats [average body mass(118.9±13.5)g] were divided into four groups randomly by weight: control with normal diet (0.790%, calcium), low calcium group with low calcium intake(0.063%, calcium), high fluoride group with normal diet and high fluoride intake(100 mg/L, fluoride) and low calcium and high fluoride group with low calcium and high fluoride intake. After 4 and 8 months, 5 rats of each group were sacrificed and total RNA was extracted from spleen. And the expression levels of RANKL mRNA were determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results At time of 4 months, the expression level of RANKL mRNA was 0.13± 0.05,0.13± 0.03,0.17±0.02,0.27± 0.05 and at time of 8 months, it was 0.11 ± 0.01,0.16 ± 0.02,0.16± 0.03,0.36 ± 0.07 in control group, low calcium group, high fluoride group, low calcium with high fluoride group, repectively. The factorial design AVONA showed that low calcium and high fluoride had significant effects on RANKL mRNA expression(F = 40.224,56.679, all P < 0.05) while action time had not(F = 2.850, P > 0.05 ). The interactions of low calcium with high fluoride or high fluoride with action time were signifieant(F = 7.247, 18.789, all P < 0.05) while the interaction of high fluoride with action time was not(F = 1.751, P > 0.05). Conclusions Low calcium alone or high fluoride alone or low calcium with high fluoride or low calcium with action time can increase the the RANKL mRNA expression level. High fluoride does not affect the RANKL mRNA level as the action time is prolonged.