Astragalus adsurgens seed is one of the most common adulterants of Astragali Complanati Semen in the market, whose morphological characteristics are very similar with A. complanatus seeds (Astragali Complanati Semen). Many identification methods have been reported, such as morphological identification, fluorescence method, ultraviolet spectrophotometry, TLC, HPLC, protein electrophoresis and so on, but there's no much about microscopic identification. In the present study, the morphological characteristics and microscopic characteristics of these two seeds were investigated, which could provide scientific evidence for the identification and classification of Astragali Complanati Semen. Our results showed that these two seeds were slightly different in the color and the appearance, but significantly different in the microstructure of the seed coat and the hilum, and the distribution of fat droplets in the cotyledon cells. So these microscopic characteristics can be applied for the identification of Astragali Complanati Semen.
Astragalus Plant ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry ; Color ; Discriminant Analysis ; Microscopy ; methods ; Quality Control ; Seeds ; anatomy & histology ; chemistry

Salvia miltiorrhiza is a highly valued traditional chinese medicine for the treatment of atherosclerosis-related disorders in china, such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in China. The wilt disease is serious in the culture of S. miltiorrhiza. Wilt disease cause biomass of plant shoots and roots is lessened, active components are decreased. To solve these problems, we research the pathogen causing wilt disease of S. miltiorrhiza. The suspected pathogen is identified by morphology and etiological test. The identification was further confirmed by alignment the sequences of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) amplified by PCR. Our result show the wilt disease of S. miltiorrhiza mostly occurred in July and August, which is hot and wetter. The wilt disease rate of S. miltiorrhiza continuous cropping for one year in S. miltiorrhiz stubble is 10%, but the wilt disease rate of S. miltiorrhiza continuous cropping for three years in S. miltiorrhiz stubble is 60%-70%. The root rot of S. miltiorrhiz caused by the wilt disease, so the wilt disease was mistaken for the rot root in production. Morphological characteristics show the pathogen is Fusarium oxysporum. The sequence of ITS wes determined and found by BLAST shared 99% identity to that of F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum. So it comes to the conclusion that the causing agent of wilt disease on S. miltiorrhiza belongs to F. oxysporum.
DNA, Intergenic ; genetics ; Fusarium ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; physiology ; Plant Diseases ; microbiology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; microbiology ; Seasons

In order to obtain the fungicides with minimal impact on efficiency of mycorrhizal symbiosis, the effect of five fungicides including polyoxins, jinggangmycins, thiophanate methylate, chlorothalonil and carbendazim on the growth of medicinal plant and efficiency of mycorrhizal symbiosis were studied. Pot cultured Glycyrrhiza uralensis was treated with different fungicides with the concentration that commonly used in the field. 60 d after treated with fungicides, infection rate, infection density, biomass indexes, photosyn- thetic index and the content of active component were measured. Experimental results showed that carbendazim had the strongest inhibition on mycorrhizal symbiosis effect. Carbendazim significantly inhibited the mycorrhizal infection rate, significantly suppressed the actual photosynthetic efficiency of G. uralensis and the most indicators of biomass. Polyoxins showed the lowest inhibiting affection. Polyoxins had no significant effect on mycorrhizal infection rate, the actual photosynthetic efficiency of G. uralensis and the most indicators of biomass. The other three fungicides also had an inhibitory effect on efficiency of mycorrhizal symbiosis, and the inhibition degrees were all between polyoxins's and carbendazim's. The author considered that fungicide's inhibition degree on mycorrhizal effect might be related with the species of fungicides, so the author suggested that the farmer should try to choose bio-fungicides like polyoxins.
Fungi ; drug effects ; growth & development ; physiology ; Fungicides, Industrial ; pharmacology ; Glycyrrhiza uralensis ; chemistry ; growth & development ; microbiology ; physiology ; Mycorrhizae ; drug effects ; growth & development ; physiology ; Plant Extracts ; chemistry ; Symbiosis ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo provide molecular evidences for its breeding by studying the genetic relationship among varieties of Rehmannia glutinosa.

METHODNineteen varieties were detected by Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA(RAPD) markers.

RESULTThe 20 selected primers produced 163 bands, among which 114(69.9%) were polymorphic. A DNA molecular dendrogram was established based on Hierarchical cluster analysis of 163 DNA bands amplified by 20 primers, which divided the 19 varieties into four groups: Group Beijing, Group 85-5, Group Guolimao and the other Group.

CONCLUSION8 varieties of Group Beijing have a close genetic relationship, and so have varieties of Group 85-5, which provides information for Rehmannia glutinosa's breeding.

DNA, Plant ; genetics ; Plant Leaves ; genetics ; Plants, Medicinal ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique ; Rehmannia ; genetics

OBJECTTo study the effects of different kinds and amounts of fertilizers on spring shoots growth yield of Akebia trifoliate.

METHODBy applying orthogonal design method, the effects of fertilizers on spring shoots growth yield were analyzed.

RESULTThe optimization project of applying fertilizers was K3N3J2P2, the amount of potassium fertilizer was 0.075 kg per m2, nitrogenous fertilizers was 0.090 kg per m2, organic fertilizer was 0.300 kg per m2, phosphate fertilizer was 0.090 kg per m2. The effect sequence of different fertilizer on spring shoots growth was K > N > J > P.

CONCLUSIONSpring shoots growth yield of A. trifoliate can increase significantly by reasonable applying fertilizer.

Fertilizers ; Magnoliopsida ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Nitrogen ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Phosphorus ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Plant Shoots ; drug effects ; growth & development ; Potassium ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Seasons

Tibetan Herbal medicine has its own complete theory based on five sources doctrine. And the theories of "Liuwei", "Baxing" and "Shiqi Gongxiao" formed the basic core components of the property theory of Tibetan medicine. However, books and literature of Tibetan medicine have never been systematically expounded and discussed about it specially which thus will limit the further development of Tibetan medicine theory. In this thesis, we firstly introduced three basic core components of the property theory-the "Liu Wei", "Baxing", and "Shiqi Gongxiao" and their interactions as well. At the same time, the links and similarities between the theory of Tibetan medicine and Chinese medicine theory were compared. The job of the thesis done above is to lay the foundation for further systematic reveal and development of Tibetan medicine theory.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Medicine, East Asian Traditional ; Phytotherapy ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo determine the genetic diversity of Eucommia ulmoides.

METHOD260 samples of 20 populations were analyzed through radom amplified polymorphic DHA (RAPD).

RESULTTotal polymorphic loci percentage was 96.36 and the average was 38.92. 110 bands were produced with 10 random primers and 106 were polymorphic. Nei's gene diversity (H) was 0.246 1, Shannon's Information index(I) was 0.386 8, Gst was 0.424 4, indicating that 42.44% of the genetic variation was distributed among populations and 57.65% within populations.

CONCLUSIONThe genetic variation was relatively high in E. ulmoides, so the genetic diversity conservation principle should mainly focus on protection of the populations.

China ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; DNA, Plant ; genetics ; Eucommiaceae ; classification ; genetics ; Genetics, Population ; Phylogeny ; Plants, Medicinal ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique

As products of interaction of time and space, geoherbs, which are essential parts of Chinese Materia Medica, were characterized in different morphology, unique habitat, continuous and changeable sites. The main fields in molecular mechanism of geoherbs focus on: biodiversity and molecular identification, genetic different and evolutionary genetics, geo-variation and environmental adaptation, germplasm and aimed genus choosing, expression and control of functional gene, gene transfer and bio-safety evaluation. The main tasks are to discover the genetic variation at molecular level, ascertain the molecular characteristics of geoherbs and the effect of environment on gene expression of geoherbs, confirm the genetic factors attribute to the forming of geoherbs, and find out the genetic basis of geoherbs at individual level and population level, respectively. This paper pointed out that the essential of geoherbs is continuers quantities variation at population level, geoherb's populations are different in gene frequency with the others'; geohersm are quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlled by multi - gene or combination with multiple-gene and major gene at individual level. It is very important to pay more attention to the scale effect of geoherbs, refer the theories and methods of quantities genetic, and concern more about the interaction of environment and gene in geoherbs' molecular mechanism research.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; metabolism ; pharmacology ; Geography ; Plants, Medicinal ; classification ; genetics ; growth & development ; Quantitative Trait Loci

According to the successful experience of studying on crops, this paper introduced the conception of the core collection of medicinal plants, and analyzed the characteristic and the way to construct it. Studies on the core collection would fulfill the management and utilize the germplasm resources conveniently and provide a new idea and a method to study on the germplasm resources of medicinal plants. It is necessary to study on the core collection for the development of the germplasm resources of medicinal plants.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Culture Techniques ; Ecosystem ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; genetics ; growth & development ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Sequence Analysis, DNA

In this paper,the structures, data sources, data codes of "the spacial analysis database of geoherbs" based 3S technology are introduced, and the essential functions of the database, such as data management, remote sensing, spacial interpolation, spacial statistics, spacial analysis and developing are described. At last, two examples for database usage are given, the one is classification and calculating of NDVI index of remote sensing image in geoherbal area of Atractylodes lancea, the other one is adaptation analysis of A. lancea. These indicate that "the spacial analysis database of geoherbs" has bright prospect in spacial analysis of geoherbs.
Atractylodes ; chemistry ; classification ; growth & development ; China ; Databases, Factual ; Ecosystem ; Geographic Information Systems ; Geography ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; classification ; growth & development ; Software