Injectable bone tissue engineering scaffold material has a certain form and mechanical strength.It can be loaded with seed cells for injection to the defected site of bone tissue in the form of fluid.After that,structural recovery and functional reconstruction are achieved,and the new bone is formed ultimately.This material has the characteristics of small trauma and good plasticity.It can repair the irregular bone defects and well associate with growth factor,which is the ideal method for repairing bone tissue defects up to now.Among the various injectable bone tissue engineering materials,bioceramic materials,polymer materials,etc.have been proved to have a high biological compatibility and good mechanical properties.That makes these materials become the focus of current research in bone tissue engineering materials.In this paper,the development and application of bioceramic materials,polymer materials,bioceramics and polymer composites were reviewed.

OBJECTIVETo provide molecular evidences for its breeding by studying the genetic relationship among varieties of Rehmannia glutinosa.

METHODNineteen varieties were detected by Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA(RAPD) markers.

RESULTThe 20 selected primers produced 163 bands, among which 114(69.9%) were polymorphic. A DNA molecular dendrogram was established based on Hierarchical cluster analysis of 163 DNA bands amplified by 20 primers, which divided the 19 varieties into four groups: Group Beijing, Group 85-5, Group Guolimao and the other Group.

CONCLUSION8 varieties of Group Beijing have a close genetic relationship, and so have varieties of Group 85-5, which provides information for Rehmannia glutinosa's breeding.

DNA, Plant ; genetics ; Plant Leaves ; genetics ; Plants, Medicinal ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique ; Rehmannia ; genetics

BackgroundChoriodal neovascularization is an important ocular manifestation of angiogenesis in eyes,which derives from the choroid capillaries.Recent studies have found that complement activation is playing a key role in the laser-induced CNV.Because of the key position of CFB in the alternative pathway,bytargeting CFB and blocking the alternative pathway may provide an approach to observe the role of this alternative pathway in the generation of CNV.Objective This study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of reconstructed complement factor B (CFB)-small interfering ribonucleicacid(siRNA)on choroidal neovascularization (CNV)and its mechanism. Methods Experimental CNV was induced by laser photocoagulation in 96 eyes of 48 clean Brown Norway rats.The rats were randomly divided into 4 groups.25,50 and 75 μg B factor siRNA were injected via caudal vein on 1 day,3,5 days after photocoagulation in different dose groups,and normal saline solution was injected at the same way in experimental control group.Other 12 normal rats were used as blank control group.Fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA) was performed on 3,7,14,21,28 days after injection of CFB-siRNA and CNV was scored.The expressions of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) and factor Ⅷ in choroid were detected by immunochemistry.The expressions of CFB-siRNA,VEGF,transforming growth factor β2( TGF-β2 )proteins in choroid were determined using immunochemistry in 7,14,21,28 days,and the expressions of mRNA of CFB-siRNA,VEGF,TGF-β2 were examined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR). ResultsFFA revealed that the CNV rates in various doses of CFB-siRNA groups were significant lower than those of experimental control group in various time points(P＜0.05),and those in 75 μg B factor siRNA were decreased in comparison with 25 μg B factor siRNA (P＜0.05).Immunochemistry showed that the intensities of the VEGF and factor Ⅶ expression in various doses of CFB-siRNA groups were weaker than the blank control group ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Compared with the control group,the expression of CFB reduced in 7 days,and then approached to the level near the control group.Fourteen to twenty-one days after injection of CFB-siRNA,VEGF and TGF-β2 depressions in different doses of CFB-siRNA groups were lower than blank control group( P＜0.05 ).CFB expression in choroid showed the lower levels in CFB-siRNA injection group compared with blank control group in from 7 through 21 days (P＜0.05).RT-PCR displayed the gradual increase of CFB mRNA and curve-like changes of VEGF and TGF-β2 with time prolong. Conclusions Recombinated CFB-siRNA can effectively inhibit laser-induced CNV by down-regulating the expression of VEGF and factor Ⅷ.Alternative pathway of complement plays an important role in the production of CNV.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association between polymorphisms at -14 bp and zinc finger protein(ZNF) sites of ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) gene promotor and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) level and coronary heart disease (CHD).

METHODSPolymorphisms of Bme13901 restriction site at -14 bp and an insertion/deletion site of ACCCC in variable number of tandem repeats-zinc finger protein(VNTR-ZNF) of ABCA1 gene were detected using PCR in 260 CHD patients and 220 healthy subjects from a Chinese population in Tianjin.

RESULTSCT genotype was most common in both groups with no differences found in between (P> 0.05). No differences were found in the frequencies of the rare T allele for -14 bp (P> 0.05). For the -14 bp site, subjects with CT/TT genotype had a lower serum mean concentration of HDL-C compared with those with the CC genotype (P< 0.05). Genotypic frequencies of VNTR-ZNF were 6.2% for the inserted form, 43.8% for the deleted form and 50.0% for the inserted/deleted form. No significant difference was found in the distribution of allele and genotype, or in the levels of HDL-C between the two groups (P> 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe genotypes at -14 bp of ABCA1 gene are associated with the plasma level of HDL-C. HDL-C levels in T allele carriers were significantly lower (P< 0.05). No association was found between variations in ABCA1 VNTR-ZNF and plasma levels of HDL-C, or between the ABCA1 -14 bp and VNTR-ZNF polymorphisms and susceptibility for CHD.

ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1 ; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters ; genetics ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Cholesterol, HDL ; genetics ; metabolism ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Promoter Regions, Genetic

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of combination therapy of tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) with methotrexate (MTX) on collagen induced arthritis (CIA) rats.

METHODSTotally 55 male SD rats were stratified by body weight. Nine of them were randomly recruited as the normal control group. The rest 46 were immunized with type II bovine collagen (C II) for establishing rheumatoid arthritis (RA) model. Forty successfully modeled rats were randomly divided into 4 groups according to swollen toe degree, i.e., the CIA group, the TMP group, the MTX group, and the TMP plus MTX group, 10 in each group. Rats in the MTX group were administered with MTX (1. 2 mg/kg) , once per week for 4 continuous weeks. Those in the TMP group were administered with 40 mg/kg TMP, once per day for 10 continuous days, and then discontinued for 7 successive days, and continued for another 10 successive days. Rats in the TMP plus MTX group were administered with a mixture of equal dose MTX and TMP, and when MTX was discontinue, TMP was administered according to the way in the TMP group. Equal volume of saline solution was given to rats in the normal control group and the CIA group. Clinical parameters including ankle width (mediolateral diameter) and hindpaw swelling were measured at day 0, 4, 11, 18, and 26 after treatment. Rats were sacrificed 28 days after treatment, their knee joints and ankle joints were collected for pathological analyses. Serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17A were detected by ELISA. Changes of fibrinogen (FIB) and platelet aggregation rate (PAg) were detected.

RESULTSCompared with the normal control group, the ankle width and hindpaw swelling increased significantly (P < 0.01), contents of FIB and PAg increased obviously (P < 0.05, P < 0.01), serum levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-17 increased remarkably (P <0. 01) in the CIA group. Obvious cell proliferation, inflammatory cell infiltration, hyperemia and edema of synovial tissues could be seen. Pannus formed and immerged in cartilages, resulting in necrosis. Compared with the model group, changes of ankle width and hindpaw swelling were all alleviated in each medicated group (P <0. 05, P <0. 01). Of them, the effect was superior in the MTX group to that of the TMP group and the MTX plus TMP group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Contents of FIB, serum levels of IL-1β and IL-6 decreased significantly in the MTX group (P < 0.05). Contents of FIB, serum levels of IL-1β and IL-6 decreased significantly in the TMP group and the MTX plus TMP group (P < 0.05). Besides, serum levels of FIB and IL-6 were obviously lower in the MTX plus TMP group than in the TMP group and the MTX group (P < 0.01). Levels of PAg and IL-17A were more significantly lowered in the TMP group than in the MTX plus TMP group and the MTX group. Pathological changes could be alleviated in each medicated group, with the optimal effect obtained in the MTX plus TMP group.

CONCLUSIONCombination of TMP with MTX could significantly ameliorate inflammatory reactions and FIB contents of CIA rats.

Animals ; Arthritis, Experimental ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; Cattle ; Collagen Type II ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Hemorheology ; Interleukin-17 ; Interleukin-1beta ; Interleukin-6 ; Male ; Methotrexate ; therapeutic use ; Pyrazines ; therapeutic use ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Synovial Membrane

OBJECTIVETo construct pGL2-ApoA I luciferase reporter vector containing ApoA I gene regulation area, and to investigate the effect of G --> A and C --> T substitution in ApoA I promoter -75 bp and intron 1 +83 bp region respectively on ApoA I gene expression.

METHODSHuman chromosome DNA fragments containing ApoA I gene were amplified by PCR, and the DNA fragments consisting of ApoA I AA/CC, GG/TT and GG/CC genetypes were selected separately, then pUC vector including above three different DNA fragments was constructed. After digesting pUC vector with Sac I and Bgl II, ligate the different DNA fragments to basic pGL2 vector that containing luciferase reporter gene. Recombinant and PRL-null vector were cotransfected into HepG2 cells by using cationic liposome method. Cells were cultured for 48 h, activity of firefly and renills luciferase was measured.

RESULTSThree vectors with pGL2-ApoA I-L(-2500 to +289 bp) long fragment vectors and 3 with pGL2-ApoA I-S(-145 to +289 bp) short fragment vectors were combinated successfully. Relative activity of luciferase for ApoA I AA/CC or GG/TT was lower than that for GG/CC significantly.

CONCLUSION-75 bp G --> A and +83 bp C --> T substitution in ApoA I gene may inhibit ApoA I gene transcription and expression. It may be the reason why subjects containing -75 bp A and +83 bp T have lower high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) concentration.

Apolipoprotein A-I ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cholesterol, HDL ; metabolism ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Introns ; Luciferases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Point Mutation ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Transfection

OBJECTIVETo investigate the short-term clinical outcomes of neonates of secundiparous mothers, and to provide a reference for the clinical practice after the change in birth policy.

METHODSA cohort study was performed for the parturients and their neonates born in Yongkang Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital in Zhejiang, China between June 2015 and April 2016. According to the parity of the mother, the neonates were divided into primiparous group and secundiparous group. The short-term clinical outcomes of neonates were compared between the two groups.

RESULTSA total of 4 091 neonates who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled, and there were 2 023 neonates in the primiparous group and 2 068 in the secundiparous group. In the secundiparous group, most mothers (57.16%) were aged 26-34 years, and 16.49% were aged above 35 years. Compared with the primiparous group, the secundiparous group had a significantly higher rate of births by cesarean section (42.55% vs 25.06%; P<0.05). The percentages of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS; 8.6% vs 3.4%) and transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN; 7.2% vs 2.6%; P<0.05) in hospitalized neonates from the secundiparous group were significantly higher than in those from the primiparous group.

CONCLUSIONSElderly parturient women are not the major population of secundiparous parturients. The neonates of secundiparous mothers have a higher rate of births by cesarean section, which might be associated with increased percentages of NRDS and TTN in hospitalized neonates from the secundiparous mothers.

Adult ; Cesarean Section ; statistics & numerical data ; Cohort Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Parity ; Pregnancy ; Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn ; epidemiology ; Tachypnea ; epidemiology

The aim of present study was to investigate the effect of chronic intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (CIHH) on collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) in rat. Fifty male adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: CIHH pre-treatment group (Pre-T), pre-control group (Pre-C), CIHH post-treatment group (Post-T), post-control group (Post-C) and blank control group (Con). The rats in Pre-T and Post-T groups were exposed to 28 d of hypobaric hypoxia (simulated 3 000 m altitude, 5 h per day, pO2 = 108.8 mmHg, 14% O2) in a hypobaric chamber before and 12 days after CIA induction, respectively. The rats in Pre-C and Post-C groups were only experienced CIA induction, being control groups for Pre-T and Post-T groups, respectively. The rats in Con group were not given any treatment. The thickness of two-hind paw of rat was measured with spiral micrometer and the degree of arthritis was evaluated by arthritis index (AI). Morphological changes of ankle joint were observed through HE staining. The apoptotic rate in synovial tissue was measured by terminal dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and the apoptotic rate of CD3(+) T lymphocyte in spleen was measured by flow cytometry technique. The protein expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax were measured using immunohistochemistry SP method. The results showed that incidence rate of CIA in Pre-T rats was lower than that in Pre-C rats (P < 0.05). AI in Pre-T and Post-T rats were smaller than those in Pre-C and Post-C, respectively (P < 0.05). In Pre-C and Post-C rats, there were hyperplasia of synovial cell, pannus forming, infiltration with inflammatory cell, and destroyed cartilage and bone in ankle joint. On the contrary, pathological changes of ankle joint were alleviated significantly in Pre-T and Post-T rats. Compared with Pre-C and Post-C rats, apoptotic rates of synovial cell and T lymphocyte in Pre-T and Post-T rats were increased (P < 0.05). As to the possible anti-apoptosis mechanism, CIHH, no matter before and after CIA induction, decreased Bcl-2 expression and increased Bax expression in joint synovial cells and spleen T lymphocytes (P < 0.05), respectively. In conclusion, CIHH possesses a protective effect against CIA in rat by enhancing apoptosis of synovial cells and T lymphocytes, which may be related to the inhibition of Bcl-2 protein expression and the promotion of Bax protein expression.
Animals ; Apoptosis ; physiology ; Arthritis, Experimental ; pathology ; physiopathology ; prevention & control ; Hypoxia ; physiopathology ; Ischemic Postconditioning ; methods ; Ischemic Preconditioning ; methods ; Joints ; pathology ; Male ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spleen ; cytology ; Synovial Membrane ; pathology ; T-Lymphocytes ; pathology ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein

BACKGROUNDGastric stromal tumors arising from the muscularis propria are located in deeper layers. Endoscopic resection may be contraindicated due to the possibility of perforation. These tumors are therefore usually removed by surgical or laparoscopic procedures. This study evaluated the curative effects, safety and feasibility of endoscopic full-thickness resection (EFR) of gastric stromal tumors originating from the muscularis propria.

METHODSThis study enrolled 92 patients with gastric stromal tumors >2.5 cm originating from the muscularis propria. Fifty patients underwent EFR, and 42 underwent laparoscopic intragastric surgery. Operation time, complete resection rate, length of hospital stay, incidence of complications, and recurrence rates were compared in these two groups.

RESULTSEFR resulted in complete resection of all 50 gastric stromal tumors, with a mean procedure time of 85 ± 20 min, a mean hospitalization time of 7.0 ± 1.5 days and no complications. Laparoscopic intragastric surgery also resulted in a 100% complete resection rate, with a mean operation time of 88 ± 12 min and a mean hospitalization period of 7.5 ± 1.6 days. The two groups did not differ significantly in operation time, complete resection rates, hospital stay or incidence of complications (P > 0.05). No patient in either group experienced tumor recurrence.

CONCLUSIONSEFR technique is effective and safe for the resection of gastric stromal tumors arising from the muscularis propria.

Adult ; Female ; Gastric Mucosa ; pathology ; surgery ; Humans ; Laparoscopy ; methods ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms ; pathology ; surgery ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of nitric oxide (NO) on human sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction (AR).

METHODSDifferent concentrations of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) were added to the sperm suspension from 48 healthy fertile men, and the suspension was incubated in 1 x Earle at 37 degrees C for 1 hour. Progesterone was used to induce AR for 15, 30, 45 and 60 min, and then acid phosphatase (ACP) activity in the suspension before and after capacitation and at different time of AR was measured by p-nitrophenyl sodium phosphate assay. In the meantime, sperm motile parameters were assayed by CASA to observe sperm capacitation and AR.

RESULTSACP activity and sperm motile parameters increased in the 50 approximately 100 nmol/L NO concentration group, showed no significant variation in the 150 approximately 200 nmol/L group, and decreased in the 250 approximately 300 nmol/L group.

CONCLUSIONNO can facilitate sperm capacitation, AR and sperm motile parameters in low concentration and suppress them in high concentration. ACP activity assay of sperm is an objective and reliable method to evaluate sperm capacitation and AR in whole sperm population.

Acid Phosphatase ; metabolism ; Acrosome Reaction ; drug effects ; physiology ; Adult ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Humans ; Male ; Nitric Oxide ; physiology ; Nitric Oxide Donors ; pharmacology ; Nitroprusside ; pharmacology ; Sperm Capacitation ; drug effects ; physiology ; Sperm Motility ; drug effects ; physiology ; Spermatozoa ; enzymology