Chinese materia medica (CMM) has the great economic value in modern society, which depends on its industrialization. And the development of industrialization needs the protection of intellectual property rights. This paper built the evaluation index system of intellectual property of CMM including 6 first class indicators, 15 second class indicators, and 18 third class indicators. Then we used the standard deviation method to determine the weight of each evaluation index and evaluated the intellectual property of CMM from 2004 to 2013 in China by weighted average method. The results showed that, the intellectual property of CMM was in a steady growth trend in 2004-2013. Finally, the countermeasures and suggestions have been put forward from the government, enterprises, and research staffs.

OBJECTIVE: To bring forward a new method for automatic measurement of the translation and rotation of the eye movement. METHODS: A centroid method, edge filter, and ellipse fitting were used to get the accurate position of the eye center. The rotation angle of the eye was determined by Fourier-Translation arithmetic operators. RESULTS: The simulation image test and initial clinical experiment obtained a good precision. CONCLUSION This method can eliminate the influence of eyelid overlapping and illumination, which can measure the 3-dimensional eye movement accurately.
Electronic Data Processing ; Electronystagmography ; methods ; Eye Movements ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; methods ; Models, Anatomic ; Models, Biological ; Nystagmus, Optokinetic ; physiology ; Reflex, Vestibulo-Ocular ; physiology ; Video Recording ; Vision, Ocular

OBJECTIVETo investigate the influence of using fluid warming and forced-air warming system on patient core temperature, blood loss, blood transfusion, extubation time, and postoperative shivering.

METHODSForty ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists' Physical Status) I-II patients, aged 21-69 years, scheduled for elective abdominal surgery under general anesthesia, were enrolled in the study. The patients were premedicated with intramuscular dolantin 50 mg and atropine 0.5 mg. Anesthesia was induced with midazolam 1 mg, fentanyl 50-100 microg and propofol 1.5-2.0 mg/kg. Tracheal intubation was facilitated with vecuronium 1mg and succinylcholine 1.5-2.0 mg/kg. The patients were mechanically ventilated and anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane 1.5-2.0%, 50% N2O in oxygen and intermittent iv boluses of fentanyl (total dose 5-6 microg/kg). Vecuronium was used for muscle relaxation during maintenance of anesthesia. The patients were randomly divided into 2 groups: control group (n = 20) and warming group (n = 20). In both groups, the patients were covered with surgery blanket. In the warming group, patients were additionally warmed with fluid warming device and forced-air warming system during the operation. The core temperature was recorded every 20 minutes during the operation, as well as the blood loss, blood transfusion, extubation time and postoperative shivering.

RESULTSThe core temperature at the end of the surgery was (36.4 +/- 0.4) degrees C in the warming group and (35.3 +/- 0.5) degrees C in the control group. The difference was statistically significant (t = 7.547, P < 0.001). There was no significant difference of blood loss and blood transfusion between two groups. The extubation time was significantly shorter in the warming group [(18 +/- 6) vs (26 +/- 10) min, t = -3.364, P = 0.002]. 6 patients shivered postoperatively in the control group and none in the warming group (chi2 = 7.059, P = 0.008).

CONCLUSIONFluid warming system and forced-air warming system can effectively maintain normothermia during the surgery and then help to reduce the extubation time and postoperative shivering.

Abdomen ; surgery ; Adult ; Aged ; Anesthesia, General ; Body Temperature ; physiology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypothermia ; prevention & control ; Intraoperative Care ; methods ; Intraoperative Complications ; prevention & control ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; prevention & control ; Shivering ; physiology

Transcription factor is one of the key factors in the regulation of gene expression at the transcriptional level. It plays an important role in plant growth, active components biosynthesis and response to environmental change. This paper summarized the structure and classification of bHLH transcription factors and elaborated the research progress of bHLH transcription factors which regulate the active components in plants, such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids. In addition, the possibility of increasing the concentration of active substances by bHLH in medicinal plants was assessed. The paper emphasized great significance of model plants and multidisciplinary research fields including modern genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics and bioinformatics, providing the contribution to improve the discovery and function characterization of bHLH transcription factors. Accelerating the research in the mechanism of bHLH transcription factors on the regulation of active components biosynthesis will promote the development of breeding and variety improvement of Chinese medicinal materials, also ease the pressure of resources exhaustion of traditional Chinese medicine home and abroad.
Alkaloids ; biosynthesis ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ; chemistry ; classification ; genetics ; metabolism ; Flavonoids ; biosynthesis ; Plants, Medicinal ; genetics ; metabolism ; Terpenes ; metabolism

The medicinal fungi, which are of great importance in traditional medicine, are facing the problems of wild resources scarcity and low concentration of bioactive compounds. Velvet family and LaeA global regulator play a vital role in secondary metabolism and developmental programs, which are found in a wide variety of fungi ranging from Chytridiomycota to Basidiomycota. This review elaborates the structures and functions between Velvet family and LaeA protein. The Velvet family which shares the Velvet protein domain, including VeA (Velvet), VelB (Velvet like B), VosA (viability of spores A) and VelC (Velvet like C), acts on the regulation function is secondary metabolism and developmental programs such as asexual and sexual development. Furthermore, the function is affected by environmental factors such as light and temperature. LaeA protein which owns S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferase domain, coordinately regulates development and secondary metabolism by regulating and modifying the Velvet proteins. The regulation of LaeA is mediated by light receptor proteins. Therefore, clarifying the mechanism of Velvet and LaeA proteins in medicinal fungi will pave the way for nurturing medicinal fungi and improving production of bioactive compounds.
Fungal Proteins ; metabolism ; Fungi ; chemistry ; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal ; Genes, Regulator ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Secondary Metabolism ; Structure-Activity Relationship

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the influence of different tranexamic acid administration methods during and after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) on coagulation function and postoperative bleeding.

METHODSPatients undergoing elective cardiac surgery with use of CPB (n=60) were randomized in a double-blind fashion to one of two treatment groups:group A(n=30) , administered with tranexamic acid 10 mg/kg (intravenous injection slowly before skin incision) , followed by infusion of normal saline until postoperative 12 hours;and group B(n=30) , administered with tranexamic acid 10 mg/kg(intravenous injection slowly before skin incision) , followed by infusion of tranexamic acid 1 mg/(kg·h) until postoperative 12 hours. Hemoglobin, platelet count, and coagulation function were assessed before anesthesia induction, after surgery, 8am next day and 24 hours after surgery. Bleeding, allogeneic blood transfusion, and fluid infusion during the postoperative 24 hours were recorded.

RESULTNo differences were found between groups in terms of coagulant function, postoperative bleeding, allogeneic blood transfusion, and fluid infusion(P>0.05) .

CONCLUSIONCompared with intraoperative administration alone, prolonged treatment with tranexamic acid after cardiac surgery shows no advantage because it can not further improve coagulant function, reduce bleeding, or reduce allogeneic blood transfusion.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antifibrinolytic Agents ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Blood Coagulation ; drug effects ; Cardiac Surgical Procedures ; Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Double-Blind Method ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Perioperative Period ; Postoperative Hemorrhage ; prevention & control ; Postoperative Period ; Tranexamic Acid ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of adenovirus-mediated overexpression of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) on apoptosis of hepatic stellate cell line LX2.

METHODSAfter adenovirus infection of the LX2 cells, the exogenous gene expression was detected by Western blotting, and cell apoptosis evaluated by flow cytometry with PI staining. Agarose gel electrophoresis was performed to detect the DNA ladder, and the expressions of caspase-3, Bcl-2 and Bax are detected by Western blotting.

RESULTWith AMPK overexpression, apoptotic peak and DNA ladder of the infected cells appeared, and pro-caspase-3 was activated to transform into caspase-3 accompanied by up-regulated Bax expression, whereas Bcl-2 expression was hardly detectable by Western blotting.

CONCLUSIONOverexpression of AMPK mediated by the adenovirus can induce LX2 cell apoptosis, possible as a result of up-regulated Bax expression with low Bcl-2 expression.

AMP-Activated Protein Kinases ; genetics ; metabolism ; Adenoviridae ; genetics ; Apoptosis ; Blotting, Western ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Cell Line ; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic ; Genetic Vectors ; genetics ; Hepatic Stellate Cells ; cytology ; metabolism ; Humans ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Transduction, Genetic ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effects of topical DMSO and intralesional hyaluronidase administration, used alone or in combination, on skin injury due to vinorelbine extravasation in rats.

METHODSSkin injury due to vinorelbine extravasation was induced in the lower extremities of 30 SD rats, which were treated subsequently with topical DMSO, intralesional hyaluronidase, their combination, topical saline, and intralesional saline, with the rats without any treatment as the control. The wound area on 1, 4, 8, 12, 18, 24, 30 days and the time of healing were observed and compared.

RESULTSThe wound area on 1, 4, 8, 12, 18, and 24 days were significantly smaller in topical DMSO group than in topical saline and control groups (P<0.05), and so in intralesional hyaluronidase group than in intralesional saline and control groups (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between single agent (hyaluronidase and DMSO) treatment group and the combined treatment group. The healing time was significantly shorter in topical DMSO and intralesional hyaluronidase groups than in topical and intralesional saline groups and control group ( 24.9-/+3.2 and 21.9-/+3.0 days vs 29.8-/+2.6, 28.6-/+4.1 and 30.6-/+3.0 days, P<0.01), but comparable between the two single agent groups and combined treatment group (23.3-/+3.8 days).

CONCLUSIONIntralesional hyaluronidase and topical DMSO application are effective therapies for skin damage due to vinorelbine extravasation, and their combination does not improve the therapeutic effect.

Administration, Topical ; Animals ; Dimethyl Sulfoxide ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Female ; Hyaluronoglucosaminidase ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Injections, Intralesional ; Male ; Rats ; Skin ; drug effects ; injuries ; pathology ; Time Factors ; Vinblastine ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Wound Healing ; drug effects

OBJECTIVETo establish a nude mouse model of malignant ascites with human ovarian carcinoma cell line OVCAR3 which highly expresses VEGF and evaluate the therapeutic of Avastin combined with cisplan.

METHODSForty-eight nude mice with malignant ascites resulting from intraperitoneal transplantation of human ovarian carcinoma cell line OVCAR3 were treated with intraperitoneal injection of Avastin, cisplan, their combination, and PBS, respectively, to observe the effect on ascites development, VEGF content in the ascites, peritoneal permeability, development of new vessels and number of tumor cells in the ascites.

RESULTSAvastin obviously inhibited ascites accumulation and peritoneal capillary permeability, reduced VEGF protein level and microvascular density in the tumor tissues and the number of red cells and tumor cells in the malignant ascites, and prolonged the survival of the mice. The combination of Avastin and cisplan further enhanced the therapeutic efficacy of Avastin.

CONCLUSIONThe bio-chemotherapeutic strategy with Avastin combined with cisplan can be a promising method for treatment of malignant ascites.

Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; administration & dosage ; Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Ascites ; etiology ; metabolism ; prevention & control ; Bevacizumab ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cisplatin ; administration & dosage ; Drug Synergism ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice, Nude ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; pathology ; prevention & control ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; complications ; genetics ; pathology ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Treatment Outcome ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; genetics ; metabolism ; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

OBJECTIVETo observe the effectiveness of using cell saver (CS) during surgery on blood sparing and its impact on patient's hematology and coagulation function.

METHODSOne-hundred and thirty-eight patients undergoing elective surgery were recruited for intraoperative blood salvage using CS. Blood routine, blood chemistry and coagulation function were measured before surgery, after infusion of salvaged blood and postoperative day 1, respectively.

RESULTSIn total, 112,056 ml of packed red blood cells were collected, with a mean value of 812 ml per patient. The percentage of autologous blood transfusion volume to the total blood transfusion volume was from 48% to 89%. Allogenic blood transfusion rate was from 5% to 100%. Compared with the values before surgery, the hemoglobin concentration, platelet count, plasma total protein and fibrinogen concentration decreased significantly after the transfusion of salvaged blood and the first postoperative day (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01), while the prothrombin time was significantly prolonged (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSThe use of CS during surgery can, to a certain extent, reduce the requirement of allogenic blood. However, reinfusion of large amount of salvaged blood may affect coagulation function.

Adult ; Aged ; Blood Coagulation Tests ; Blood Loss, Surgical ; Blood Transfusion, Autologous ; methods ; Blood Volume ; Coronary Artery Bypass ; Elective Surgical Procedures ; Female ; Heart Valve Prosthesis ; Humans ; Intraoperative Care ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prothrombin Time