Objective To investigate the value of cytokinesis-block micronuclei(CBMN)assay in estimation of the biological doses of the victims of radiation accident.Methods Samples of peripheral blood were collected from the 5 victims(Subjects 1-5)at 16 h after the radiation accident of Taiyuan,Shanxi Province.And the peripheral blood samples and bone marrow sample were collected from the victim No.1 at 23 and 24 h after the radiation.Eight days after the accident Subject 1 underwent allogeneic peripheral blood hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.At difierent time points in the period of 1 year after the accident.peripheral blood samples were collected from these 5 victims.CBMN assay was conducted on the peripheral blood lymphocytes on the samples,and the biological doses were estimated based on the micronuclei(MN)frequencies.The nuclear division index(NDI)obtained from in vitro irradiation experiment using high dose of 60Coγ-rays was used to estimate the exposed doses for Subject 1. Dynamic arialysis of the MN frequency for the 5 victims was performed in the period of 1 year after the accident.Results The MN frequency of Subject 1 surpassed the value corresponding to the upper limit of the MN dose.effective curve.The dose range estimated bv the combination of the CBMN and NDI (CBMN+NDl)assay was 10-20 Gy for Subject 1.The doses estimated by MN frequency for Subjects 2,3,4,and 5 were 3.6,2.9,2.3,and 2.9 Gy,respectively.The estimated doses were in accordance with those estimated by physicat method.chromosome aberration analysis.and clinical symptoms.Prominent decrease of the MN frequency was observed at 26 d after the accident(18 d after the transplantation)for Subject 1(u=3.295,P<0.05).Gradual decrease of MN frequency was observed after the accident for Subjects 2,3,4,and 5.The MN frequencies 1 month after the accident of Subjects 3,4,and 5 were all significantly lower than those 16 h later(u=6.874,4.526,and 7.811,P<0.05).Conclusions Quick and accurate.CBMN assay reinforces and verifies the result of chromosome aberration analysis.The new index CBMN+NDI assay is of reference valne for estimating higher dose of irradiation.

Mycena subpiligera, a new taxon in sect. Fragilipedes that can strongly enhance the germination efficiency of Gastrodia elata seeds, was discovered in subtropical areas of China. As revealed by a morphological comparison with related Mycena species as well as maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian phylogenetic analyses based on sequences of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the large subunit (LSU) regions of nuclear ribosomal RNA, the new taxon can be distinguished from phenotypically similar and phylogenetically related species. Optimal cultural conditions for M. subpiligera basidiomata are reported, and the germination rate of the new species is compared with that of M. citrinomarginata.

OBJECTIVETo observe the changes in motilin (MTL), substance P (SP), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and somatostatin (SS) in plasma of rats with severe scald injury at early stage and the effect of rheum on their changes.

METHODSEighty-eight Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group (NC, n = 8), scald group (S, gavage of distilled water after full-thickness scald, n = 40), therapeutic group (T, gavage of rheum solution after full-thickness scald, n = 40). The blood samples were harvested from inferior vena cava at 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 post scald hours (PSH) to determine the levels of MTL, SS, SP and VIP with radioimmunoassay.

RESULTS(1) The levels of MTL and SP were (198 +/- 28), (61 +/- 10) ng/L, respectively, in NC group. The levels of MTL and SP in S group reached their minimum values [(110 +/- 15), (30 +/- 5) ng/L, respectively] at 6 PSH, then ascended slowly, peaked at 72 PSH but still lower than those in NC group (P < 0.05). The levels of MTL and SP slowly descended in T group, reached normal levels at 48 PSH, and obviously higher than those in NC group at 72 PSH [(232 +/- 32), (73 +/- 11) ng/ L, respectively, P < 0.05], which were higher than those in S group at 6 -72 PSH. (2) The levels of VIP and SS were (35 +/- 6), (30 +/- 5) ng/L, respectively, in NC group. The levels of VIP and SS in S group were (70 +/- 12), (49 +/- 9) ng/L at 6 PSH, which were obviously higher than those in NC group (P < 0.01), then descended slowly, but still higher than normal level at 72 PSH (P < 0.05). The levels of VIP and SS in T group ascended slowly, reached the normal level at 48 PSH, which were lower than those in S group at each time points, and VIP reached peak value at 12 PSH.

CONCLUSIONRheum may regulate secretion and release of gastrointestinal hormones to plasma in rats with severe scald injury at early stage.

Animals ; Burns ; blood ; drug therapy ; Motilin ; blood ; Phytotherapy ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Rheum ; chemistry ; Substance P ; blood ; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide ; blood

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVEThe basic structure of salicylaldehyde-amino acid Schiff base compounds includes a C=N chemical bond. These compounds show significant antitumor activities in vitro when combined with a metal ion. This study investigated the effects and possible mechanisms of four salicylaldehyde-amino acid Schiff base copper ternary coordination compounds on the proliferation of human gastric cancer cell line BGC823.

METHODSThe BGC823 cells were treated with the four compounds (6B, 7B, 6P, and 7P). Cell proliferation was detected by MTT assay. Apoptosis and changes in the cell cycle were analyzed by flow cytometry. DNA damage was observed using a DNA ladder assay. The expression of p53 protein was determined by immunocytochemistry.

RESULTSThe proliferation of BGC823 cells was significantly inhibited by the four compounds and the effect was concentration-dependent. The half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 6B, 7B, 6P, and 7P for BGC823 cells were 18.10, 27.50, 3.61, and 3.45 micromol/L, respectively. Flow cytometry showed the four drugs induced apoptosis in BGC823 cells, which was confirmed by DNA ladder experiments. Flow cytometry also detected changed phases in the cell cycle from treatment with the compounds. The percent of cells in the G(0)/G(1) phase decreased and that of cells in the G1/S and G(2)/M phases increased, indicating that S-and G2-phase blockages exist. As shown by immunocytochemistry, the expression of p53 decreased in BGC823 cells treated with the four drugs, indicating the involvement of the p53 pathway to BGC823 cell apoptosis.

CONCLUSIONSThe four compounds showed significant activities on restraining proliferation of BGC823 cells in vitro, induced apoptosis, and caused changes in the cell cycle. This may be related to the downregulation of p53.

Aldehydes ; chemistry ; Amino Acids ; chemistry ; Antineoplastic Agents ; chemical synthesis ; pharmacology ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Cycle ; drug effects ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Coordination Complexes ; chemical synthesis ; pharmacology ; Copper ; chemistry ; Humans ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Schiff Bases ; chemistry ; Stomach Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; metabolism

BACKGROUNDMalignant hyperthermia (MH), manifesting as MH crisis during and/or after general anesthesia, is a potentially fatal disorder in response to volatile anesthetics and depolarizing muscle relaxants. Though typical features of MH episode can provide clues for clinical diagnosis, MH susceptibility is confirmed by in vitro caffeine-halothane contracture test (CHCT) in western countries. It is traditionally thought that MH has less incidence and fewer typical characteristics in Chinese population than their western counterparts because of the different genetic background. In this study, we investigated the clinical features of MH in Chinese cases and applied the clinical grading scale and CHCT for diagnosis of MH.

METHODSA cluster of three patients with MH, from January 2005 to December 2007, were included in the study. Common clinical presentations and the results of some lab examinations were reported in detail. The method of the clinical grading scale of diagnosis of MH was applied to estimate the qualitative likelihood of MH and predict MH susceptibility. Muscle fibers of femoral quadriceps of the patients were collected and CHCT was performed to confirm the diagnosis of MH.

RESULTSThe clinical grading scales of diagnosis of the disease for these cases were all ranked grade D6, suggesting almost diagnosed ones. And the results of caffeine test were positive correspondingly, indicating that the patients should be diagnosed as MH susceptibility (MHS) according to diagnostic criteria of the North America MH group, which were already confirmed by clinical presentations and biochemical results.

CONCLUSIONSThese Chinese cases manifest as MH crisis. The clinical grading scale of diagnosis of MH may provide clues for clinical diagnosis. CHCT can also be used in confirming diagnosis of MH in Chinese cases though they have different genetic background from their western counterparts.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Caffeine ; Child ; China ; Female ; Halothane ; Humans ; In Vitro Techniques ; Male ; Malignant Hyperthermia ; diagnosis ; Muscle Contraction ; drug effects ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo study the factors affecting the management and treatment of immigrant workers with tuberculosis, to determine the most effective measures and to provide an academic basis for tuberculosis control and prevention strategies targeting the immigrant population.

METHODSA self-designed questionnaire was administered to 1364 immigrant workers with tuberculosis (study group) and 436 local residents (control group) with tuberculosis.

RESULTSWhether a patient's tuberculosis status was discovered or not was related to the medical facilities initially visited, job mobility, and the individual worker's economic condition. The percentage of cases discovered was relatively low among those who made their first visit to a private clinic (39.0%), and 58.4% (796) of immigrant workers delayed their first consultation mainly due to neglecting symptoms (55.9%, 445), subjective perception of symptoms being not severe enough (19.3%, 154) to visit a physician and the inconvenience of visiting a hospital because of its being far away from home (15.8%, 47). As comparing immigrant workers with local residents, the differences of the delay reason between the two groups were statistically significant (chi(2) = 21.49, P < 0.01). And 39.9% (544) of immigrant workers and 49.1% (214) of local residents had had late confirmation. The differences of the delay reasons between the two groups were insignificant (chi(2) = 7.31, P = 0.293). And 17.6% (240) patients of immigrant workers and 13.1% (57) patients of local residents did not keep to their drug regimens in a timely fashion. The differences of the reasons between the two groups were insignificant (chi(2) = 6.66, P > 0.05). And 77.5% (1057) of immigrant workers and 31.8% (138) of local residents were considered that taking medicine in supervision spot might have impact on their lives and work. The differences of the reasons between the two groups were significant (chi(2) = 9.71, P < 0.05). All 79.2% (1080) of immigrant workers and 63.3% (276) of local residents did not obtain medicine according to prescriptions. The differences of reasons between the two groups were statistically significant (chi(2) = 24.84, P < 0.01). And 51.2% (699) of immigrant workers and 46.1% (201) of the registered population did not follow up with doctors' directions for lab tests. The differences of the reasons between the two groups were insignificant (chi(2) = 3.26, P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe influential factors in tuberculosis management and treatment were complex. Prevention strategies should focus on health education and promotion activities to improve awareness in seeking medical services. Also, developing and standardizing reference mechanisms for patients, and alleviating the economic burden of the workers will be critical to reduce the tuberculosis incidence.

China ; epidemiology ; Factor Analysis, Statistical ; Humans ; Transients and Migrants ; Treatment Outcome ; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; therapy ; Urban Population

OBJECTIVETo study the expression of lung Krüppel-like transcription factor (KLF2/LKLF) in lung tissues of rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the relationship between KLF2 and NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and make further explore the effects of KLF2 on the expression of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (gamma-GCS).

METHODSTwenty-two male SD rats were randomly divided into a COPD group (n = 10) and a normal control group (n = 11). The rat model of COPD established by cigarette smoking and intratracheal instillation of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and lung tissues were obtained. The expressions of KLF2, Nrf2, gamma-GCS mRNA and protein in lung tissues were measured by immunohistochemistry (IHC), Western blot, in situ hybridization (ISH) and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). To explore the relationship between KLF2 and Nrf2 protein,we utilize the method of co-immunoprecipitation (CO-IP).

RESULTSIHC and Western blot showed that protein expressions of KLF2, Nrf2, gamma-GCS were higher in the lung tissues from rats with COPD than those in the control groups (all P < 0.05). The levels of KLF2, gamma-GCS mRNA were markedly increased in the COPD group (all P < 0.01) while Nrf2 mRNA expression in COPD group had no significant difference with that in control group ( P > 0.05). CO-IP result showed that KLF2 were obviously present in immunoprecipitates of Nrf2 (P < 0.01) . Linear correlation analysis showed that the level of KLF2 protein was positively correlated with the level of Nrf2 protein (P < 0.05), and KLF2, Nrf2 proteins were positively correlated with gamma-GCS mRNA and protein (all P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe expression of KLF2 is significantly up-regulated in COPD, which maybe up-regulate gamma-GCS mRNA expression by increasing Nrf2 expression and nuclear translocation against oxidative stress.

Animals ; Dipeptides ; metabolism ; Kruppel-Like Transcription Factors ; metabolism ; Lung ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Male ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2 ; metabolism ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Objective To determine the incidence of non-fatal injuries and related influencing factors among children under 5 years old in China. Methods Data involving 10 819 children under 5 years old was from the Fourth National Health Service Survey of China. Injury-related indicators include: history of ever having had an injury, its frequency, cause, location and severity of the injury.A two-level Poissun regression was used to examine the significance of related socio-economic variables. Results The overall incidence rate of nonfatal injuries among children under 5 years old was 16.0 per 1000 population in the prior 12 months. The first three leading causes of non-fatal injuries were falls,animal bite, fire/bum among children under 1 year old,with the rates as 3.9, 1.8 and 1.8 per 1000 population, respectively. For children aged I to 4 years old, the first three leading causes were animal bite, fall, fire/burn with rates as 6.5,6.0 and 2.9 per 1000 population, respectively. 83.0% and 69.0% of last injuries occurred at home for the above said two age groups. No disability was found among children younger than 1 year old who suffered from a nonfatal injury while for the 1-4 age group, the disability accounted for 1.0% of injury-induced outcomes. After adjusting other variables,boys had 1.57 times the risk of injury compared with girls in the 1-4 age group (P＜0.05). The differences on the effects regarding ethmicity,per capita household income, and place were insignificant (P＞0.05). None of the socio-economic variables was found that significantly related to the non-fatal injury risk among children under 1 year old (P＞0.05). Conclusion The incidence of nonfatal injuries among children under 5 years old was 16.0 per 1000 population in the prior 12 months. The three leading causes of injuries were animal bite, falls, fire/bum respectively. Home was the most common place that non-fatal injuries occurred. Boys had a higher risk of injury compared with girls among children aged 1 to 4 years old and the difference was significant.

To simulate intervention measures in controlling an outbreak of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis on one school campus by using the Susceptible-Infected-Recovered (SIR) model, to provide evidence for preparedness and response to the epidemic. Classical SIR model was used to model the epidemic. Malthusian exponential decline method was employed to estimate the infective coefficient β for interventions. The initial value of parameters was determined based on empirical data. The modeling was implemented using Matlab 7.1 software. Without interventions, the outbreak was expected to experience three phrases: (1)early stage (the first 5 days) in which the epidemic developed slowly and could be intervened easily; (2) rapid growing stage (6-15 days) in which the number of infected cases increased quickly and the epidemic could not be well controlled;and (3) medium and late stage (16 days and later) in which more than 90% of the susceptible persons were infected but the intervention measures failed to prevent the epidemic. With the implementation of interventions, the epidemic was predicted to be controlled in the early stage, under the SIR model. The simulation based on the SIR model kept an acceptable consistency with the actual development of epidemic after the implementation of intervention measures. The SIR model seemed effective in modeling interventions to the epidemic of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis in the schools.

Objective: To examine the association of hyperglycemia and postoperative complications in non-diabetic patients underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy(PD). Methods: The clinical data of 209 non-diabetic patients who underwent PD from January 2012 to June 2018 at Department of Pancreatic and Biliary Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University and met the inclusion criteria were retrospectively analyzed. According to the diagnostic criteria of postoperative hyperglycemia, the patients were divided into postoperative hyperglycemia group (167 cases, 79.9%) and control group(42 cases, 20.1%). The propensity score matching(PSM) method was used to eliminate the difference between groups(caliper value=0.02; 38 cases in control group including 30 males and 8 females with age of 59.0 years; 38 cases in postoperative hyperglycemia group including 32 males and 6 females with age of 61.0 years; 37 cases of pancreatic head carcinoma, 30 cases of periampullary carcinoma and 9 cases of benign diseases). A comparative analysis was applied for preoperative data, surgical related indicators and postoperative complication rates.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve was used to calculate the area under the curve(AUC) of blood glucose values on postoperative day 1,3 and 5(POD1, POD3, POD5), to determine the high-risk blood glucose cutoff value of complications and to evaluate its sensitivity and specificity for the prediction of postoperative complications. Results: Univariate analysis showed that the differences in gender, body mass index, preoperative blood glucose, and serum urea nitrogen levels were statistically significant before PSM.There was no significant difference in the preoperative data between the two groups after PSM. Compared with the control group, the incidence of postoperative pancreatic fistula (31.6% vs. 5.3%), abdominal infection(29.0% vs. 7.9%) and Clavien-Dindo Ⅲ-Ⅴ complications(31.6% vs.7.9%) were statistically different(χ²=7.092, P=0.008; χ²=4.290, P=0.038; χ²=5.316, P=0.021), respectively. According to the AUC on POD3, the blood glucose value≥8.860 mmol/L was an independent risk factor for pancreatic fistula with sensitivity of 58.3% and specificity of 76.9%, the blood glucose value ≥9.130 mmol/L was an independent risk factor for abdominal infection with sensitivity of 54.5% and specificity of 81.5% and the blood glucose value ≥7.685 mmol/L was independent risk factor of Clavien-Dindo Ⅲ-Ⅴcomplications with sensitivity of 75.0% and specificity of 57.7%. Conclusions Postoperative hyperglycemia in non-diabetic patients is associated with postoperative pancreatic fistula, abdominal infection, and Clavien-Dindo Ⅲ-Ⅴ complications.According to the early postoperative blood glucose value, the occurrence of postoperative pancreatic fistula, abdominal infection and Clavien-Dindo Ⅲ-Ⅴ complications can be effectively predicted.